大学英语-高级媒体英语视听说课本录音文字.doc

Unit 1 School lifeClip 1 Healthy eatingWoman 1: The schools are doing it because theyve got to promote healthy eating and I think its the right message. But I think really they should target the parents beforehand, because I think its quite sad for the children to have things in there and then to take them away.Woman 2: I think its a good idea. I think children should eat healthy while theyre at school. Treats should be at weekends or after school.Man 1: So what is allowed in childrens lunch bags? Well, here I have an array of food. Good and bad.Man 2: Sandwiches, pasta, fruit and nuts are fine. Sweets, crisps, fizzy1 drinks and chocolate though are set to be taken away.Clip 2 Grants for school buildingsVoice-over: The building work continues but for how much longer? Theyre ready to start a second phase of refurbishment here, but the college may have to send the builders home.Woman 1: Weve just come up onto the roof of the old building and as you can see there, that is the new building weve been working on for two years and were just about to move into the refurbishment of this great two-lifted building.Voice-over: The principal of South Thames College told me what would happen of she doesnt get the money for the new building project.Woman 1: I will have already committed six and a half to eight million pounds that will then be the Colleges debt. And this building would no longer work because the services would be cut off and this will have to be muffled.Voice-over: From hair dressing to forensic scienceover 20,000 students and adult learners come here. Some classes are in the old listed building. But the basement floods and the heating breaks down and thats why they wanted to give it a refurb.Clip 3 The increasing tuition feeVoice-over: University fees paid by these students are capped at around 3.000 pounds a year. But the government is due to review the situation and the body representing the bosses of Englands universities has a suggestion, to increase fees to 5,000 or even 7,000 pounds a year.Woman 1: We have a world-class reputation that needs to be maintained. Students, I think quite rightly, expect a very high-quality higher education. And that has to be paid for.Woman 2: Todays second-year students will leave university with debts of more than 17,000 pounds on average. Under one of the schemes being discussed today, that amount will increase to more than 26,000 pounds, a sum that could take quite a few years to pay off. The question is, would this increase actually put young people off from applying to university in the first place.Man 1: Potentially yes. Yes, I would have to assess my personal situation at that time. But I think it will put a lot of people off as its a huge amount of money.Woman 3: Im doing a history degree so I have about eight hours of contact a week. So as for my money being wasted, whereas medical students have lots of labs and lots of money on them, so I think it would kind of cause me to think twice about going to university and which university I go to and where.Man 2: Well I think it is breathtakingly arrogant of university vice chancellors to be talking about doubling the level of tuition fees and the level of graduate debt in the middle of a recession. I think they need to get out of their ivory tower to look at what is going on with the economy now. Students are in increasing hardship already and leaving tens of thousand of people graduating with even bigger amounts of debts is reckless and irresponsible.Voice-over: Introducing tuition fees in the first place was controversial and difficult so the government is unlikely to rush to increase them now. Annabel Roberts. ITV News.Clip 4 Graduates facing difficult timeVoice-over: Students setting out on lifes journey are feeling the economic strain before theyve even secured their first job. For as the economy contracts, graduates vacancies have fallen for the first time in three years.Woman 1: Most of the other people that I know in my degree, in my course, theyre still struggling to find jobs.Voice-over: Diphian Serran is a final-year student hoping for a first-class degree and praying for a good job. So far, despite numerous interviews and an impressive CV, shes had bad luck.Woman 1: Very bad luck. Unfortunately. Ive gone through the interview stage of many, so to the final stage. But once I reach there, I often get, either get rejected or its, you know, “well let you know”.Voice-over: The downturn in manufacturing and the meltdown in the financial services mean that nearly half of the employers expect to hire fewer graduates this year. That means the competition on campus has ever been tougher.Woman 2: This is the generation of university students who were born and bred in the economic boom. But they are graduating in the economic bust. Recruitments down, salaries are frozen. This is crunch time in every sense.Man 1: These times are a lot tougher than they had been the last 10, 15, possibly even 20 years. But employers are still recruiting. The brains of today are the profits of tomorrow. The question is whether the graduates are able to adjust their expectations to the realities of the labor market.Voice-over: For this final year engineering student, the reality is still great. Vacancies in the engineering and public sectors are on the rise. Wills found a job in a bank. His starting salary is 42K.Man 2: There are still opportunities down there for people being smart or, kind of risk savvy enough to get them so its just, you know, its more difficult but its not impossible.Voice-over: The generation who never had it so good as children may find the economic realities harder as adults. Penny Marshall. News at Ten. Warwick University.Clip 5 Value of a degreeVoice-over: Tis the season when 400,000 bright young things write off hoping their dreams will come true. Not a letter to Santa, but a university application form. The government wants half of all our young people to experience the wonderful world of the undergraduate. The joy of learning, of student life, the thrill of graduation, the invitation to high-powered, exciting careers.The reality can be rather different. A few years ago these telesales staff would have been school leavers. Today this publishing firm employs only graduates. Same job, similar salary, different qualifications.Man 1: Fifteen years ago we wouldve probably said the basic requirements would be A-levels. Because that would be the benchmark we wouldve expected our new employees to have achieved. You know now we see the benchmark is being the degree. So I think the very fact that there are far more students leaving university looking for jobs, enables us to specify a degree today whereas we wouldnt have done 15 years ago,Voice-over: Thirty-five per cent of graduates enter the world of work in a job that doesnt need a degree. And many get stuck in careers they dont like. Asked what they did want to do, 47% hoped for jobs in media, advertising or PR. Other popular careers include designfavored by 21% of womenand computing, picked by 23% of men. But over 10% of media studies graduates are currently unemployed. Its the same for design studies. And even worse in computing. Unpopular careers include engineering. Only 9% of students mention that. And yet unemployment amongst civil engineering graduates is only 2.9%.At todays graduate recruitment fair, thousands of students were searching for jobs. But engineering stands were typically deserted. And those that did enquire often lacked relevant qualifications. The engineering industry believes in encouraging yet more school leavers to go to university may be an expensive indulgence.Man 2: Universities argue that we are not training, we are educating. We are creating people who can think. Now, if we are just producing philosophers and thinkers, I dont think we are going to resolve the economic needs of this country. I mean, that would be absolutely silly, quite frankly.Voice-over: There are now 60,000 different degree courses in Britain. The biggest increase in so-called cheap degrees, usually humanities or social sciences, which dont require equipment or laboratories. Universities get money for how many students they have and extra cash if they can woo school leavers from poor and deprived backgrounds. Students are saddled with debts, justified by government on the basis that across a lifetime, a degree is worth an extra 400,000 pounds. But is it?Man 3: There are two flaws in the governments figures. Firstly theyre based on the percentage of graduates going through our education. Those figures were in a small per cent. In a couple of years time one in every two people will go through higher education of that age group. The second big fundamental problem is they were based on an employment market where there was a job for life, Things have changed.Voice-over: Here at this plumbing school in North London, about 20% of the class are graduates whove decided to retrain. Many come from just the kind of backgrounds government wants to encourage into higher education. But their experience is hardly an advert.Man 4: By the time I graduated I would say there werent the jobs there. So in hindsight, it probably was a waste of time, yeah.Man 5: So how much money do you reckon you can earn as a plumber?Woman1: Well, they say between 50 to 75 thousand in about 10 years time.Man 5: 75 grand2?Woman 1: Approximately, yes.Clip 6 School disciplines (David Camerons speech, 31 July 2007)So going back to my question, how do we translate our values into action? To reprise3 those values, families as the origin of society, the role of schools in backing up and adding to the lessons of home, the need for clear boundaries and for rules of behavior, the diversity and the differentness of children, the obligation to help the most vulnerable and disadvantaged.Earlier this month I spoke about families. Most of all, we need to encourage stable parental relationships for example, as has been suggested, through removing the bias through against cohabitation in the benefits system and using the tax system to support married couples.Yesterday I spoke about special educational needs. We need to radically reform the statementing process to give parents what they need, including a more sensitive and flexible system of categorising special needs. Parents need greater choice between specialist schools and mainstream schools. And until the system is properly balanced, we believe we need a moratorium4 on the closure of special schools. Today I want to explain something of what well do to improve behaviour in the mainstream schools.Sometimes people who discuss education give the impression that some sort of incredibly complex alchemy. It isnt. We know what works because we see it, in our own country and oversees. The best schools, whether they are private schools, academies, grammar schools, comprehensives, have some simple things in common. Most of all, they have an independent ethos and clear rules on acceptable behaviour.Schools should be places where teachers teach and children learn - not sort of holding centres for children irrespective of how badly they behave. Most of all, they should be places where the kids respect, and even fear, the teachers, and not the other way around. If we want our children to grow up in a loving environment, they need to know where the lines are and not to step over them.Heads need to be able to impose real codes of behaviour and discipline and be backed up by parents.Teachers often say to me that they set clear rules, they enforce them and then the parents come along and take the side of the child. This can completely undermine the authority of the school and contribute directly to bad behaviour.Now many schools have home-school contracts, setting out in black and white what is expected of the school, of the parent and of the child. Id like to take this idea further and make them enforceable, as requirements of admission and as grounds for exclusion.Head teachers should be able to say to parents, if you dont sign up to this code of conduct for yourselves and your children, your child cannot come to school as simple as that.And I want to strengthen the position of teachers as well. More needs be done to protect teachers from the tiny minority who are bent on undermining authority in schools by making false allegations of abuse against the teacher. This is a growing problem. A recent survey in SecEd magazine indicated that 20 per cent of teachers had been falsely accused and 55 per cent of teachers knew a colleague in their school to whom this had happened.The Teacher Support phone line is taking almost twice as many calls about pupil allegations as it did a year ago. Yet in the past ten years only three per cent of serious allegations have actually resulted in a conviction. And thats why we believe that teachers should have the full protection of anonymity until the case against them has actually been dealt with.Given the elementary principle that a head teacher must have control over the standards of behaviour in his or her school, this must mean, as a last resort, the power to exclude pupils whose conduct badly disrupts the education of others.Today, at the moment, if a head teacher excludes a pupil, the child has a right of appeal to an external panel run by the local authority. And currently a quarter of the exclusions which are reviewed by appeals panels are overturned. More than half of these pupils are then returned to the school from which they have been expelled.Now just imagine what that does to the standing of the head teacher in the eyes of the students. To see a child, expelled for bad behaviour, swaggering back into the school. It sends completely the wrong message about the relative power of the child and of the school itself. The local authority should be there to serve the school, to help the school, to support the school, not the other way around.Unit 2 Love and familyClip 1 Valentines DayVoice-over: An avalanche of color today at Britains biggest flower market, new Convent Garden. Even by the standards of Valentines Day, trade has been awesome. Double an average day and 20% up on last year. But this is where love really was in the air, as mobile phone masts radiated romance. The industry estimates 80 million text messages were sent, double the daily average.Man 1: The good thing with a text message is you nearly always get a response. You cant guarantee to get that when you send a bunch of flowers or an anonymous card.Man 2: OK, this might not be the most sentimental thought, but on Valentines Day romance isnt just an emotion, its a rapidly growing industry. Today 25 million pounds worth of flowers were given. Twenty-two million cards were sent and at least 2.25 million romantic e-mails were sent on work computers.Voice-over: Thats according to those using a new system to stop Internet pornography. Screening for X-rated1 material, today had an accidental but interesting by-product.Man 3: Coincidentally we pick up this time of the year triple Xs in e-mails. And of course what we discover is that an awful lot of these are just Valentines messages signed with kisses and not pornography at all.Voice-over: But even with flower prices tripling through Valentines Day demand, many people felt they couldnt get away with merely sending an e-mail or text. And that meant shelling out around five pounds a time for a single red rose.Man 4: Definitely were under some kind of pressure today. With just some flowers and just card of some sort, you know.Man 5: I think its quite commercialized, but I guess its always good to give each other presents on Valentines Day.Voice-over: But today has proven that the electronics which have become a part of life are also rapidly becoming a part of love. Chris Choi. ITV News.Clip 2 HousehusbandVoice-over: Getting ready in the morning is the same rush for this family as it is for any other. The only difference is Kirstys parents have swapped traditional roles. The mother the breadwinner, the father part of a growing breed of men turned homemaker. When four-year-old Kirsty was born, it made sense to her father to look after her. He enjoys it, but now has the problem traditionally faced by mothers wanting to get back to work.Man 1: As far as an employer is concerned, your availability is very sporadic, so you cant even start part-time work, or look for part-time work, with a view to getting full-time work.Voice-over: Conference organizers say parents like Kirstys are increasingly put in the position where they do all or very little parenting. They say by giving men more freedom to be with their children, a crisis of fatherhood could be avoided. Greg Oliver. ITN. Central London.Voice-over: John Stanley is something of a statistical oddity, a single father struggling to bring up his young son. Mr. Stanley from Corbey is one of only 2% of families run solely by men. He is separated from his parents but unlike nine out of ten cases, won custody of three-year-old Sean. But while single moms may now be accepted as part of modern day life, society, it appears, has been slower when it comes to dads.Man 2: Whats the most difficult bit, you seen to be isolated by yourself. You dont seem part of a society. no more. Now people look at you a bit different, you know, like your dolls ground you and things like that.Voice-over: Whatever fathers statutory成文法 rights, many families are adopting an increasing egalitarian approach to their roles as parents. In the Dixons case, they are now both breadwinners and both share the work of child caring.Man 3: Before I thought, if Im going to work, she does all the housework and all the kids. And if s