五种基本句型和句子成分.doc

句子成分英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：Countrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。Westudyforthepeople.IcanspeakalittleEnglish.Wearereadingbooks.HehasgonetoBeijing.3、 表语:它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份、特征、属性或状态。Mysisterisanurse.（名词）Isityours?（代词）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）Thespeechisexciting.（分词）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby isplayingfootball.（动名词）Therulermustbeinyourbox.（介词短语）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）4、 宾语:宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后。WelikeEnglish.（名词）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词）Itbegantorain.（不定式短语）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）5、 宾补:就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的。HisfathernamedhimDavid.（名词）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）6、定语:在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.（名词）Hisprogress（进步）inEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）7、状语:修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。HelivesinLondon.Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）Heissorrytotrouble(麻烦)you.（不定式短语）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语）Once（一旦）youbegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（时间状语）Lastnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因状语）Ishallgothereifitdoesntrain.（条件状语）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点状语）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式状语）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴随状语）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的状语）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果状语）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步状语）Iamtallerthanheis.（比较状语）指出下列句子斜体部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.5.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.6.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.7.Hewantstofinishtheworkintime.8.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice（建议）.9.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.10.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?11.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?12.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.13.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.14.Henoticed（注意到）amanentereingtheroom.15.Theapplestastedsweet.判断类型和句子成分：ShecameShelikesEnglish.SheishappyTheteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.Sheboughtabookforme.ShegaveJohnabookMyheadaches.ShemakeshermotherangryThesunwasshining.Heenjoysreading.Iwanttohaveacupoftea.Sheorderedherselfanewdress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.她给丈夫做了一顿美餐。Ishowedhimmypictures.Igavemycarawash.我洗了我的汽车。Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.他教我开机器。Whatmakeshimthinkso?他怎么会这样想？Thechildrenareplayinghappily.TheGreensenjoylivinginChina.Hebecameafamousdoctor.他成为了一名著名的医生。Theapplepietastesreallydelicious.苹果派吃起来真是好吃。基本句型一：S十V主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词：appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,fall,happen,rise,如：学生们学习很努力。_基本句型二:S十V十P主系表结构常见的系动词有：be(是)；get(变得),become(成为),turn(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎)A.表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,等等。1)Weshould_anytime.我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。2)这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_.B.表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become,get,grow,turn,go,come,prove,等等。如：1)Springcomes.Itis_.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。2)Donthavethefood._.不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。基本句型三:S十V十O主谓宾结构1)我昨天看了一部电影。_.2）Theyhave_ofthechildren这些孩子他们照看得很好。基本句型四:S十V十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语“物”结构间接宾语前需要加to的常用动词有：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,read,sell,send,show,teach,tellwish, write等。间接宾语前需要加for的常用动词有：buy,choose,make,order,paint,play(演奏), sing,等。1）Yesterdayherfather_asabirthdaypresent.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。2)Theoldman_intheLongMarch.(正在给孩子们讲故事)这种句型还可转换为：动词直接宾语for/tosb.3)Pleaseshowmeyourpicture.=Please_.请把你的画给我看一下。4)I_thebook.=I_thebook _.我把书递给他。基本句型五:S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语。call（叫）,choose（选）,find（发现）,make,name(命名)1） Keep_,please.请让孩子们安静下来。2）Theypainted_.他们把窗户漆成白色。3) Wemust_.我们必须保持我们的学校整洁。4)Heaskedme_soon.他要我早点回来。5)我们发现他是一个懒惰的人。_.注意：动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等后面接动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：6）Theboss_allday.(迫使他劳动)7）Wesaw_.(他出去)。考点突破训练1. Iamsorrytohavekeptyou_AtowaitBwaitCwaitedDwaiting2.Ifeltsomebody_me.AtouchBtouchedCtotouchDtouches3.Hetaughtme_speakEnglish.AhowshouldBhowChowcanIDhowto4.Ishallmakeyourdream_.AcomingtrulyBcometrueCtocometrueDcomestrue5.Hetold_home.AusnottogoBwenotgoCusnotgoDustonotgo6.Ithink_agoodhabittogetupearly.AthisBitisCthatDits7.Rosesinbloomsmell_.AsweetenBsweetlyCsweetDsweetness8.Theweather_.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold9.Theappletasted_. A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nice