2019_2020学年高中英语Unit21HumanBiologySectionⅦWriting——议论文写作讲义北师大版选修7.docx

Section Writing议论文写作一、体裁介绍1议论文的结构和上下文的连贯性对于议论性的作文，其结构要自然地形成主题、扩展和结尾这样的三段式结构。开头句往往是主题句，主题句要做到内容完整，概括性强，表达清楚，突出主题。一般说来，一篇议论文讨论的是一个主题，其焦点只有一个，要做到主题的统一性。其次上下文的连贯性也很重要，做到段落中的句子之间相互联系、相互依存、上下一体，也就是逻辑关系要一致。另外，适当地利用一些连接词和过渡词会增强段落的连贯性。议论文上下的连贯性离不开过渡性词语，过渡性词语的使用使文章更加连贯、更具有逻辑性。2议论文段落的基本结构议论文段落的基本结构：主题句(topic sentence)、阐述句(supporting sentence)和结尾句(concluding sentence)。(1)主题句：包括段落的主题和中心思想，一般置于段首，偶尔也置于段中或段末，并不是所有的段落都有主题句，有的段落其中心是暗示的。(2)阐述句：通过具体而有说服力的事实来展开主题。(3)结尾句：是对段落的概括总结或是对主题的评论和建议，以增强回味的余地。二、技巧点拨1英语议论文写作四步法：议论文就是摆事实、讲道理，并要求通过多方面的分析，把道理说通、说透。议论文的三要素是论点、论据和论证。第一：介绍话题，提出论点。给出一些历史背景或个人材料。Everyone knows that.大家都知道Tobacco was introduced to Europe after the discovery of America.发现美洲后烟草被引入到欧洲。My parents smoke and they have both tried to give up many times.我父母都吸烟，而且他们试图戒烟很多次了。第二：从正方辩论。给出实例，证明论点。Firstly，it costs a lot of money to treat smokers who get diseases，such as heart disease or lung cancer.首先，你要花一大笔钱来治疗由吸烟引起的疾病，诸如心脏病或肺癌Secondly，some people are in favor of the idea of doing.其次，有些人赞成这个主意They point out the fact that.他们指出这一事实第三：从反方辩论。给出实例，证明论点。On the other hand，if they banned smoking，the government would lose a lot of money from taxes on cigarettes.另一方面，如果他们禁止吸烟，政府会损失一大笔对香烟的税收。However，other people stand on a different ground.然而，另一些人站在不同的立场上They consider it.to do.他们认为去做第四：发表自己的观点。In my opinion，.依照我的观点After things are considered，I believe that.从各个方面考虑，我认为2常见的议论文过渡词有：(1)表示增加的过渡词：also，and，and then，too，in addition，furthermore，moreover，again，on top of that，another，first，second，third等。(2)表示时间顺序的过渡词：now，then，before，after，afterwards，earlier，later，immediately，soon，next，in a few days，gradually，suddenly，finally等。(3)表示空间顺序的过渡词：near(to)，far(from)，in front of，behind，beside，beyond，above，below，to the right/left，around，outside等。(4)表示比较的过渡词：in the same way，just like，just as等。(5)表示对照的过渡词：but，still，yet，however，on the other hand，on the contrary，in spite of，even though等。(6)表示结果和原因的过渡词：because，since，so，as a result，therefore，then，thus，otherwise等。(7)表示目的的过渡词：for this reason，for this purpose，so that等。(8)表示强调的过渡词：in fact，indeed，surely，necessarily，certainly，without any doubt，truly，to repeat，above all，most important等。(9)表示解释说明的过渡词：for example，in fact，in this case，for actually等。(10)表示总结的过渡词：finally，at last，in conclusion，I have shown，in other words，in brief，in short，in general，on the whole，as has been stated等。1First/Firstly，Second/Secondly，Then，Next，After that，Afterwards，Last/Finally.2Some people believe/argue/recognise/think that.3Everyone knows that.4It seems obvious to me that.5People hold different views/ideas about.6As for me，I agree to the former/latter idea.7Above all，.人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。赞成的理由反对的理由你的看法1.广交朋友；2.可自由表达思想；3.甚至利于外语学习。1.浪费时间；2.影响学习；3.可能上当受骗。？注意：1.文章必须包括表中的全部内容；2词数100左右；3参考词汇：网络朋友online friend(s)；上当受骗to be cheatedShould students make friends online? 体裁议论文时态一般现在时为主主题网上交友人称第三人称为主结构第一段：引出话题；第二段：支持网上交友的观点；第三段：不支持网上交友的观点。.对接单元词汇1人各有所好every man has his taste2网上聊天chat online3有意义地meaningfully4容易地，乐意地readily5而且whats more.巧用单元句式、语法(一)完成句子1以“网上交友为例”，每个人都有自己不同的观点。Taking “making friends online” for example，everyone has his own different opinions about it.(二) 句式升级2If they chat online, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions.(用非谓语动词改写句子)Chatting online, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions.3Making friends online is a waste of time.Time should be spent more meaningfully on study.(用定语从句改写句子)Making friends online is a waste of time，which should be spent more meaningfully on study. 【参考范文】Should students make friends online? Every man has his taste.Taking “making friends online” for example，everyone has his own different opinions about it.Should students make friends online? Some people say yes.The Internet helps make many friends.Whats more，chatting online，students can more freely express their feelings and opinions，and even get help with their foreign