高中英语定语从句一轮复习的课件.ppt

定语从句一轮复习,江西省信丰中学 刘 慧莲,定语从句的概念 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。,一、关系词的选择 关系代词 which，that , who ,whom, whose, as 关系副词 when, where, why 步骤：1. 找出先行词 2. 划出定语从句,看先行词指人、物、时间、地点、原因,看定语从句中缺什么成分,在从句中作主、宾、定,在从句中作状语,1.I will never forget the days _ we spent together in the beautiful and quiet villages. 2.I will never forget the days _ we studied in the high school together. A. which B. when,B,A,用关系代词还是关系副词取决于引导词在从句中充当的成份：,如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词,做状语,用关系副词，,做主语，宾语，表语,用关系代词,3.This is the house _ they lived 5 years ago. 4.This is the house _ they sold to me 5 years ago. A. where B. which 5.This is the reason _ Bob gave me for his absence 6.This is the reason _ Bob was absent from yesterdays meeting. A. which B. why,A,B,A,B,二、准确找出先行词、关系词、定语从句 The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.,先行词 定语从句所修饰的 名词或代词,关系词 引导定语从句 代替先行词 在定语从句中担当一个成分,定语从句,定语从句 修饰名词或代词 紧跟在先行词后,(,),Have a try,1. The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2. I like the book which you bought yesterday. 3. The house where he lives needs repairing. 4. I still remember the day which we spent together.,先,关,(,),先,先,先,关,关,关,(,),(,),(,),结构：先行词关系词从句,关系词充当什么成分？,1.The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. 2.That is the bike which my father bought for me. 3.This is the book whose cover is broken. 4.The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean. 5.Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.,at the hotel,on the day,We heard the news_ pleased everybody. which B. where C. whom D. who 步骤：1. 找出先行词 2. 划出定语从句,(,),看先行词指人、物、时间、地点、原因,看定语从句中缺什么成分,先行词,从句缺主语,从句缺宾语,从句缺定语,指人,指物,who/that,whom/ that/who,whose,that / which,that /which,whose,（1）先行词指人、物,* which可以指代前面一句话的内容 * 关系代词作宾语可以省略,1. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise. it B. that C. which D. he 2 The building _ stands near the river is our school. which B. that C. who D.whose 3. The doctor _ you are looking for is in the room. A. whom B. that C.which D. whose,分析定语从句成分 缺主语、宾语 用which that 缺状语 用 when=介词+which I still remember the days _ we spent together. when B. what C. that D. in which I still remember the days _ we worked together. A. when B. what C. that D. for which,先行词指时间,(,),(,),I will never forget the three years _ we both spent in the little village. A. when B. during which C. which D. in which,(,),分析定语从句成分 缺主语、宾语 用which that 缺状语 用 where=介词+which This is the museum _ I visited a few days ago. where B. that C. on which D. the one This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. where B. that C. on which D. the one Is the exhibition _ the foreign friends visited yesterday? A. that B. the one C. which D. where,先行词指地点,(,),(,),缺先行词,1. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? 2.Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? 3. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one,B,D,C,A,1.Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago? A. where B. when C. that D. what 2.Some pre-school children go to a day care center,_ they learn simple games and songs. A. then B. there C. while D. where,(,),),(,3.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. A. which B. that C. where D. when 4. -Do you have anything to say for yourself? -Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on . A. why B. where C. how D. /,* 关系代词作宾语时可以省略,分析定语从句成分 缺主语、宾语 用which that 缺状语 用 why= for which Is this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？ A. that B. what C. how D. why Is this the reason _ he was late for school？ A. that B. which C. how D. why,先行词指原因,(,),(,),He was late for school,for the reason,（1）the way 作先行词，关系词用： （2）time表示“次数”，关系词用：,三、the way、time,that/in which/不填,that/不填,I dont understand the way_they worked out the problem. I could hardly remember how many times _Ive failed.,in whichthat省略,that/不填,1. I dont like the way _ he looks at me. A. in that B. which C. of which D. / 2. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which,四、that which,指物时，关系代词that 和 which 一般可以互换，但应注意以下情况：,在下列情况下一般用that:,1.Ive read all the books _ you lent me. 2.This is the first thing _ I want to say. 3.He keeps a record of everything _ he had seen there. 4.The TV play I watched last night is the best one _ I have watched this year. 5.Tell us about the people and the places _ are different from ours. 6. This is the very thing _ I am after.,1.先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者被序数词、形容词最高级修饰 2.先行词是不定代词时,如:all ,few, little, much, something, anything, everything, nothing 等 3.先行词既有人又有物时 4.先行词被the only, the very, the right 5.先行词被 little, few, no, any, much, all, every等修饰时 6.当关系代词在定语从句中作表语，常用that。He is not the man that he was. 7 .在疑问词who、which开头的句子中 8.在There be 句型中 There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.,在下列情况下一般用that:,在下列情况下要用which,1.当关系代词的前面有介词时. 2.在非限制性定语从句中. 3.先行词本身是that eg. The clock is that which tells the time. What is that which the dog is running after？,She is no longer the girl_ she used to be. A. who B. that C. which D. whom,当定语从句中缺表语，用that,B,2. He was not the man _ he was before. A. who B. whom C. that D. which,C,(,),(,),3.This is the best TV _ is made in China. 4.The first museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum.,that,that,先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。,五、Whose 的使用,whose+名词 =,the+名词+ of which/whom,of which/whom+the+名词,1.所属关系 2.指人或物 3.作定语,This is the book _ is broken _ is broken _ is broken.,whose cover,the cover of which,of which the cover,1.There are in this class 20 students, _ are different. A.whose backgrounds B. the backgrounds of whom C.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of whose,2.Last year , this area was struck by a strong typhoon, from _ effects the people are still suffering. that B. whose C. those D. what,whose,the people are still suffering from typhoons effects.,(,),3. (06福建卷)Look out! Dont get too close to the house _roof is under repair. whose B. which C. of which D. that 答案：A,(,),六、as 的用法,as 引导定语从句时， 可以指人也可指物 通常与the same, such, so等连用 在句子中可作主语、宾语或表语 We hope to get such a tool as he is using. (as作宾语，指代a tool),(1)辨析：as 与 which, as位置灵活，能置于句首或主句之后，且常有“正如”“正像”之意。 which只能置于主语之后 as 用在固定结构中：as is known to all, as we all know, as is said above(综上所述)，as was expected, as often happens 等等。 which不能,1、John got beaten in the game, had been expected. Awho Bwhat Cthat Das 2、Crusoes dog became ill and died, made him very lonely. Athis Bthat Cwhich Das,C,D,（2）辨析：suchsoas与suchsothat,这两个结构主要在句子成分上区分： 在suchsoas结构中， as引导定语从句，代替前面的先行词， 且在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 在suchsothat结构中，that 引导的是状语从句，只起连词的作用，在从句中不作成分。”如此以至于”,Dont talk about such things as you dont understand. 从句缺宾语，as作宾语 as引导的定语从句 We hope to get such a tool that we can do our work better with it. 从句不缺成分，that只起连接作用 that引导的状语从句,It is so big a stone as we cant lift. 从句缺宾语 It is so big a stone that we cant lift it. 从句不缺成分,Harry Potter is such an interesting book _ all kids like to read. A. as B that C. D. which,(,),read缺宾语 as作宾语引导定语从句,read后加it,选that,that只起连接作用。,A,（3）辨析：the same as与 the samethat：, the same.as表示一种比较，和.一样 This is the same watch as I lost. 这和我丢的那只手表一样。 the same.that表示同一个 This is the same watch that I lost. 这就是我丢的那只手表。,My hometown is no longer the same it used to be. Alike Bthat Cas Dwhich,C,七、介词+关系代词,1.定语从句中，在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom，指谁的用whose, 不可省略。 2.定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用 the+名词 the+形容词比较级 （最高级） 数词 代词(most,some，few,both),+ of + whichwhom,Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,the price of which was very reasonable. There are two buildings, the larger of which is about 100 meters. He has three sons, two of whom are teachers. I have many friends, some of whom are teachers.,也可说of whom two,也可说of whom some,介词如何选择？ 方法：根据从句中的动词与先行词的关系或习惯搭配（把定语从句补充完整）.,提醒: 介词关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键是介词的选择. 1. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯 e.g. 1949 was the year _the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 2.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 e.g. In the dark street there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. 3. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配， e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms _Im not familiar?,in which,with which,to whom,填入适当的介词,1.He is the man _ whom I think you can depend.,(,),on,I think you can depend ( ) the man.,方法：根据从句中的动词与先行词的关系或习惯搭配（把定语从句补充完整）.,2.He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.,(,),with,I am not very familiar ( ) some reference books.,3.He made a hole in the wall, _ which he could see what was going on outside the house.,先行词是：,a hole,(,),through,he could see what was going on outside the house ( ) a hole.,4、The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp. Awhich Bwith Cwith it Dwith which 5、The brave man, the tiger was shot, is a good hunter. Aof whom Bby that Cby whom Dby which 6、The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers. Ain which Bworn by Cthrough which Don which,C,A,D,Is this the watch that you are looking for?,定语从句中在固定短语中的介词不能提前。,思考：下面从句中的介词能提前吗?,八、定语从句的单复数问题,关系代词做从句主语时 1.从句的谓语动词单复数取决于先