高一英语下册语法词性详解动词课件.ppt

高一英语语法 词性详解,动,词,二、动词的分类,(1),(3),(2),一、动词的定义,三、动词的时态,四、非谓语动词,五、被动语态,1.一般现在时,2.一般过去时,3.一般将来时,4.现在进行时,5.过去进行时,6.现在完成时,7.过去完成时,8.过去将来时,六、动词的基本形式,一、按词义和句中的作用，动词可以分为四类,二、按动词的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词,1、谓语动词(如下),与主语在人称一致,与主语在人称一致,表示动作发生的时间,主语是动作的发生者或者承受者,说话人表达事实、要求、愿望等,I am reading now. 第一人称,He writes well. 第三人称单数,He wrote a letter to me last month. 过去时态,We study English.主动 The road was filled with rubbish. 被动,He has flown to America. 事实 I wish I could fly to the moon some day. 愿望,2、非谓语动词,1.一般现在时,常与连词：when , as soon as , before , after , until , if 如果，等引导的时间状语或条件状语从句,2.一般过去时,(1).表示过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态. e.g. He arrived in Hangzhou an hour ago. Where were you just now?,(2).表示过去某一时间里反复出现的动作或状态. e.g. Their children often went hungry in the old days. During his middle school years, he played football nearly every day.,(3).表示主语过去的特征或性格等. e.g. At that time she spoke very good English.,(4).一般过去时往往和明确的过去时间状语连用.如:yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, in 1996, at that time 等,也常和when, if等引导的状语从句连用. e.g. Did you play volleyball yesterday afternoon? My father, when he was a child, worked 15 hours for the landlord a day.,(5).一般过去时可与today, this week, this month等时间状语连用. e.g. I saw him today. He came late three times this week.,3.一般将来时,.will / shall +动词原形(备：在口语中，shall和will常缩写成“ll“，紧接在主语之后。其否定式shall not和will not的简略式分别为shant和wont),(1)构成,. be going to + 动词原形,. be + 动词-ing形式（动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词，如arrive, come, go, leave, move, start, stay, get等）,.be + 动词不定式 （例：You are to be back before 10:00 p.m 你必须在上午10点前回来。表示按计划或正式安排将发生的事 ）,3.一般将来时,(2)用法,(3)常用结构,4.现在进行时,(1)意义：,(2)构成：主语+be+现在分词(v.+ing),注:现在进行时往往与always连用，给现在的动作披上一层感情色彩。,5.过去进行时,(1)意义：,（2）构成：主语+was/were+现在分词,1表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。如： What were you doing when I phoned you last night?,2表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作。 如：They were building a dam last winter. 去年冬天他们在建一个大坝。,3用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转移的动词，以表示过去将要发生的动作。如： They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai.,6.现在完成时,（1）意义：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。,（2）结构：助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词,（3）四大标志词： 以already, just和yet为标志：表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生 * 以ever和never为标志：表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过 * 以动作发生的次数为标志：He says he has been to the USA three times. * 以so far为标志：表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生,6.现在完成时,（4）注：,上,常见的有:come-be, go out -be out, leave-be away (from), begin-be on, buy-have, borrow-keep , join-be a member / 介词短语, die-be dead, become-be, open(v.)-be open(adj.) 等。,for+时间段 since+过去某一时刻,a.*“终止”、“延续”要转换,b. * 时间“点”、“段”须分清,7.过去完成时,(1)概念:,(2)构成:,过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生的动作或情况，即：过去的过去。如: When we got there, the football match had already started. 当我们赶到时，足球比赛已经开始了。,肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+had not+过去分词+其他 疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他,7.过去完成时,(3)用法:,上,A.表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作，表示对这一过去时间造成的结果或影响。常用以下几种方式： (1) 用by，before等构成的介词短语。 eg:Linda had learnt 10 English songs by the end of last month. (2) 用when, before, after等引导的时间状语从句。 eg:The train had started before we got to the station.,B. 过去完成时还可以表示过去某一时间以前发生开始的动作持续到这一过去的时间。常与for, since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。 eg:I had worked in a hospital for three years before I came here.,8.过去将来时,（1）意义：表示以过去的某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用在宾语从句中.,（2）构成：主语+would/should+动词原形 主语+was/were+going to +动词原形,例:I didnt kn