国际经济法精品教学（华南师范大学）legalsystemontradeinintellectualproperties.ppt

Legal System on Trade in Intellectual Properties,A Case Study on the TRIPs Agreement,Canada-Patent Protection of Pharmaceutical Products (Textbook, p.299) What are the issues of this disputes? What claims have been made by the Canadian Government in this case? What arguments have been made by the Canadian Governments in this case? What is the ruling on this case? Based on the comments made by Dinwoodie and Dreyfuss, do you think that these two experts agree with the views of the Panel in this case? What are the reasons in support of their argument? In their perspectives, are the de facto discrimination and the de jure discrimination enjoy the common standards with regard to the burden of proof?,Agreement on trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS),Annex 1C of WTO Agreement Coverage most comprehensive multilateral agreement on intellectual property to date incorporating substantive provisions of: Paris Convention (1967) Berne Convention(1971) Rome Convention (1961) Treaty on IP in Respect of Integrated Circuits (1989),TRIPS: Main features (1),Coverage of TRIPS Areas of intellectual property covered: copyright and related rights trademarks including service marks; geographical indications including appellations of origin; industrial designs; patents including the protection of new varieties of plants; the layout-designs of integrated circuits; and undisclosed information, including trade secrets and test data. 版权及邻接权；商标权；地理标识权；工业设计权；专利权；集成电路布图（拓扑图）设计权；未披露信息的保护权；,与以往公约相比，TRIPS在版权保护方面的改进之处： （1）在保护客体上，比伯尔尼公约增加了计算机程序和有独创性的数据汇编； （2）在权利内容上，比伯尔尼公约增加了计算机程序和电影作品的出租权； 与以往公约相比， TRIPS在商标权保护方面的改进之处： （1）与巴黎公约相比， TRIPS扩大了对驰名商标的保护； （2）将巴黎公约关于驰名商标的保护原则扩大适用于服务标记，将相对保护扩大到绝对保护；,TRIPS: Main features (2),Enforcement Provisions General Principles applicable to IPRs Specifies Procedures that must be available Dispute Settlement Part of the integrated Dispute Settlement System of the WTO No unilateral action by Members allowed 对实施协定的国内行政和法律程序提出明确要求，最大的特色，对行政、民事、刑事程序及救济措施都提出了要求，引入了知识产权争端解决机制，是相对于知识产权公约的最大优势,Freedom to determine the appropriate method of implementing the Agreement (Art. 1.1) National treatment (Art. 3) Most-favoured nation treatment (MFN) (Art. 4, 5) Exhaustion of rights (Art. 6); see (WT/MIN(01)/DEC/2) Objectives (Art. 7); see WT/MIN(01)/DEC/2 Principles (Art. 8); see WT/MIN(01)/DEC/2,TRIPS Basic Principles (1),第六条 权利用尽 在本协议所规定的纠纷解决程序中，在接受上述第3条和第4条规定的条件下，不能援引本协议的任何条文来解决有关知识产权权利用尽的问题。 第七条 目的 知识产权的保护和实施应有利于促进技术革新、技术转让和技术传播，有利于生产者和技术知识使用者的相互利益，保护和实施的方式应有利于社会和经济福利，并有利于权利和义务的平衡。 第八条 原则 1缔约方可以通过制定或修改其国内法律和规则，采取必要的措施来保护公众的健康和营养，维护在对于其社会经济和技术发展来说至关重要的领域中的公众利益，其条件是这些措施与本协议的规定相一致。 2为了防止权利所有者对知识产权的滥用，防止不合理地限制贸易或反过来影响技术的国际性转让的实施行为，可以采取适当的措施，其条件是这些措施与本协议的规定相一致。,TRIPS: Basic principles (2),National treatment forbids discrimination between a Members own nationals and the nationals of other Members Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment forbids discrimination between the nationals of other Members 国民待遇原则：每一成员向其它成员的国民就知识产权的保护提供的待遇不得低于其给予本国国民的待遇 最惠国待遇原则：给予的对象是其他成员的国民（即知识产权的权利人），而不是GATT中的货物和GATS中的服务和服务提供者,TRIPS - Transitional arrangements,1 Jan. 1995: entry into force 1 Jan. 2005: developing countries extend product patent protection to areas of technology not previously covered 1 July 2013: least-developed countries 1 Jan. 2016: least-developed countries provide pharmaceutical patents Other provisions non-backsliding provision special transitional arrangements in certain cases mail-box and exclusive marketing rights,Notifications by Members under various provisions Notifications under Article 63.2 (laws, regulations and practices) Review of national legislation (laws, regulations and practices), including process of questions-replies, presentations in the meeting, follow-up que