inversion(倒装)语法专项包括it.ppt

Inversion(倒装）,一.Definition:英语中，有时为了语法结构的需要（如某些疑问句）或是为了强调，将谓语全部或一部分放在主语之前，主谓倒置，这种语序叫做倒装。,二Classification:,1完全倒装（Full Inversion):谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句子就是完全倒装句。,（1）表示方式和方位的副词或介词短here,there,out,in,away,now,then,up,down,off,in the room,on the wall,on a hill,in the valley,round the corner等置于句首时动词是come,lie,stand,walk,sit等时,e.g. There goes the bell.铃响了 Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了 Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出来 Away went the boy.那男孩子走开了 South of the river lies a small factory. In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor. *但主语是人称代词时，主谓语序不变。 Here it is. Away he went.,(2)such 放句首时,e.g. Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist. 此句中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持一致 e.g.Such are the facts;no one can deny (否认)them.,(3)直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时,e.g. “What does the word mean?” asked the boy. “You should have been here five minutes earlier,” said the teacher.,2部分倒装（partial Inversion):只把谓语的一部分（多为助动词或情态动词）置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。,(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 e.g. Only in this way can we learn English well. Only when he returned did we find out the truth. *在部分倒装句中如果谓语部分无助动词，则需找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装。 Only after the war learned he the sad news.() Only after the war did he learn the sad news,*only 修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。 e.g. Only when did he return did we find out the truth.(F) Only when he returned did we find out the truth(T) *only 修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。 e.g.Only can he answer the question.(F) Only he can answer the question.(T),(2)否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,not only,scarcely等放句首时 e.g. Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark =I hardly think it possible to finish the job before dark. Not a single mistake did he make.=He didnt make a single mistake. Never before have I seen such a moving film.=I have never seen such a moving film before.,(3)当often,nowhere,in no time,noy once,many a time,by no means等词位于句首时，常用部分倒装。,e.g. Not once have I heard of this. Many a time has he given us good advice.,(4)省略if的倒装句型。如果虚拟语气的条件状语从句中谓语有连系动词were,助动词had或情态动词should等，可省去if,把were,had,或should移到主语之前。 e.g. Were I not engaged in my present work, I would be quite willing to do what you asked me to do. Had they not been working so hard, they wouldnt have achieved so much. Should anyone call, tell him to wait for me.,(5)某些表示祝愿的句子用部分倒装。 e.g. May you succeed! Long live France! May you return in safety!,(6)as引导的让步状语从句中，表语放句首，其余不变，如从句表语是名词时，要把名词前冠词去掉 though引导的让步状语从句也用这种形式。 e.g. Tired as he was, he worked late into the night. Child as/though he was,he was very brave.(名词前冠词去掉了）,(7)以副词so,neither,nor开头的句子表示“也（不）”时需倒装，so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓不倒装 e.g. If you dont go there today,neither will I. John is from Britain, so is Mary. “Betty is a good girl!” “Yes, so she is.”,(8)几个否定提前的特殊句型 not onlybut also中前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不倒装。 e.g. Not only was everything he had taken away from him,but also his German citizenship. (B) Not until中前面从句不倒装，后面主句采用部分倒装。 e.g. Not until quite recently did I have any idea what it was like. (C) No soonerthan /Scarcelywhen中后面从句不倒装，前面主句部分倒装。 e.g. No sooner had Black got home than the telephone rang. Scarcely had we started lunch when the door bell rang. (D) Neithernor中句子均需倒装。 e.g. Neither did I know this nor did I want to.,(9) 用在宾语中含有某些限定词，且具有强调意义的词语（not a, noting,nobody,no one, many a, many等放在句首时。 e.g. Many and many things has he had to do. Not a single word did Mr. Li speak.,(10)句子以介词短语开始，并且句中的主语部分较长而无宾语时 e.g. Instead of Mr. White came Mrs. Green, the history teacher. To the list may be added the following names.,(11)为了强调表语和状语而引起的倒装。 强调表语：Beautiful were the flowers in the moon light! 强调状语: In front of the house was a tall tree.,(12)so+adj./advthat 和such+adj.+n. that 句型中如果so+adj./adv和such+adj./n,提到句首，则主句需部分倒装，从句不倒装。 e.g. So interested was he in the program that he didnt notice his mother came in. Such a good voice did she have that she soon became a famous singer.,3.形式倒装(Formal Inversion):形式倒装语法上称为前置。它的特点是，只要把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。这样的结构非常多，但有三个重要的句型，要特别注意。 (1)感叹句 What an interesting talk they have! How interesting their talk was! (2)the morethe more e.g. The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.,使用特点(A)此句型中的more代表的是adj./adv.的比较级，要灵活使用。 e.g. The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. (B)此句型中的第一个the more引导的相当于一个条件状语从句，第二 个the more 引导的相当于一个主句。所以，上面例句相当于：If you work harder, you will make greater progress.,(3)whatever; however+adj./adv.引导的让步状语从句的句型。 e.g. Go to stamp sales and buy whatever you can afford. However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening. 使用特点(A) whatever的后面也可以接名词，受many/much的修饰，则必须把whatever换成however. Cf: Whatever reasons you have,you should carry out your promise. However many difficulties you meet with, you should try to overcome them. (B)However可以改写成No matter how而意义不变。所以上句可改为：No matter how many difficulties you meet with, you should try to overcome them.,1. My brother had a bad cold last week, _. A. so had I B. so I had C. so did I D. so I did 2. Mary never does reading in the evening, _. A. so does John B. John does too C. John doesnt too D. nor does John 3. John won the first prize in the contest. _. A. So he did B. So did he C. So he did, too D. So did he, too 4. The doctor asked Charlie to breathe deeply. _. A. Charlie does so B. Charlie did so C. So does Charlie D. So did Charlie 5. _ about what others think. A. Little he cares B. He little cares C. Little does he care D. Little cares he,6. Not only _ to New York but also _ there for a time. A. has he been; he worked B. has he been; did he work C. he has been; did he work D. he has gone; did he work 7. Not only a writer but also _ here. A. a doctor were wanted B. was a doctor wanted C. a doctor was wanted D. were a doctor wanted 8. Neither _ read, nor _ write. A. can he/can he B. can he/he can C. he can/can he D. he can/he can 9. Neither you nor _ wrong. A. is he B. he are C. he is D. are he 10. Not until _ the work _ to bed. A. did he finish; he went B. he finished; he went C. he finished; did he go D. he finished; had he gone,11. It was not until eleven oclock _ the experiment. A. did he finish B. that he finished C. when they finished D. that did he finish 12. Never in my life _ in that manner. A. have I been spoken B. have I been spoken to C. I have been spoken D. I have been spoken to 13. _ Marys old green jacket. A. Went on B. On went C. Out went D. On put 14. Now _ Mr. Wangs mm to keep guard A. is it B. there is C. it is D. is there 15. Seeing the policeman coming, away _. A.the boys ran B.ran the boys C.did the boys run D.the boys run,16. _ so hard, he wouldnt have passed the exam. A. Hadnt he worked B. Hasnt he worked C. Shouldnt he work D. Wouldnt he work 17. Id rather stay at home than go to see a film, _. A. neither had he B. neither would he C. so had he D. so would he 18. Hardly _ the station _ the bus arrived. A. I had reached; when B. had I reached; then C. I had reached; then D. had I reached; when 19. _ had she reached the school gate _ the bell rang. A. As soon; when B. Hardly; than C. No sooner; than D. When; as soon as 20. Often _ the girl sing in her room. A. hears he B. he hears C. does he hear D. does hear he,21. On the top of the hill _ where I once visited the monk. A. a temple stands B. does a temple stand C. a temple stands there D. stands a temple 22. So tired _after walking such a long way that I _stand. A. was I; could hardly B. did I; could hardly C. was I; couldnt hardly D. I was; could hardly 23. _ , the crops would be saved. A. It should rain B. If rains C. Should it rain D. It will rain 24. _ , he cant buy the book. A. As he likes it much B. As does he like it much C. Much as does he like it D. Much as he likes it 25. Such a stupid boy _that I dont know how to deal with him. A. he is B. was he C. is he D. he was,26. Soon we arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which _. A. a little boy sat B. sat a little boy C. a little boy sits D. did a little boy sit 27. Here _. A. does he come B. he comes C. comes he D. is he coming 28. By no means _ you. A. shall I understood B. shall I understand C. I shall understood D. I shall understand 29. On the wall _ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging 30. Such _. A. were his words B. his words was C. was his words D. his words were,1. If you go to Hainan to try chances next month, _. A. so does she B. nor does she C. so will she D. nor will she 2. _ that you missed such a fine film? A. How it was B. How was it C. Was it how D. How did it 3. It was _ late in the evening that they finished the experiment. A. before B. after C. till D. not until 4. I found _ to refuse her offer. A. it is impossible B. he was impossible C. it impossible for him D. he is impossible 5. It doesnt make too much _ you will be back tonight. A.matter if B.difference if C.matter whether D.difference whether 6. He _ to do morning exercises in the park. A. took a rule B. made it a rule C. took it a rule D. made a rule 7. Not only _ the bus, but _ repair it. A. he can drive; he can B.can he drive;can he C.he can drive;can he D.can he drive;he can,8. _, he walked on. A. He was very tired B. Tired as he was - C. Though tired he was D. Even if tired 9. _ from the 11th floor when the policeman pointed his gun at him. A. Down jumped the murderer B. Down the murderer jumped C. Down jumped he D. Jumped down he 10._ I had a chance, I would have run around the West Lake. A. If B. Unless C. Had D. When 11. _ she will be back home for her glasses. A. It is long before that B. It wont be long before C. It is before long that D. It will be long before 12. It was not until he explained it a second time _ it. A. when he understood B. that we understood C. did we understand D. that did we understand 13.-Oh, where is my wallet? -Was it _ the man knocked into you _ he picked up your wallet? A. not until; that B. no sooner; than C. long; before D. when; that,14. It was not until she arrived home _ felt a bit relaxed. A. that she B. when she C. did she D. as she 15. Never before in China _ for the teachers. A. has done so much B. has been done so much C. so much has been done D. has so much been done 16._entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his key. A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had he D. Hardly he had 17. Nowhere else in _ world _ more friendly people than in China. A. the; can you find B. /; youll find C. the; can you be able to find D. the; you must have found 18. So seriously _ in the accident that he was sent to hospital at once. A. he was wounded B. was he hurt C. he did injure D. did he hurt 19. _ that we all had to stay at home. A. So terrible was the weather B. So the weather was terrible C. The weather so terrible was D. So was the terrible weather,20. Little _ what you would have me start at once. A. did I understand B. I understand C. I did understand D. have I understood 21.Was it because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour _ you were late again? A. when B. why C. that D. which 22. It is the protection for the trees _ really matters, rather than how many trees are planted. A. what B. that C. / D. which 23. Why is _ you are so late for the class? A. it that B. that it C. it D. that 24. Why dont you bring_to his attention that you are too busy to do it? A. this B. that C. it D. what 25. It is only when you nearly lose something _ you fully realize how much you value it. A. do B. then C. will D. that 26. It was _ I met Mr. Smith in London. A. many years that B.for many years since C.since many years ago D.many years ago that,27. It was not until dark _ he found _ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem. A. that; what B. that; that C. when; what D; when; that 28. It was in the lab _ was taken charge of by Professor Zhang _ they did the experiment. A. where; that B. which; where C. that; where D. which; that 29. It will be a long time _ Mr. Black _ back from abroad. A. before; comes B. since; has come C. before; will come D. after; will come 30. Is it Shakespeare Theatre _ you are going to watch the play “The Merchant Of Venice”? A. where B. that C. which D. as 31.Was it in the village_we used to live_the accident happened? A. where; that B. which; that C. that; where D. where; which 32. Nowhere else _ be found _ in Australia. A. can kangaroos; besides B. kangaroos can; except for C. can kangaroos; except D. kangaroos can; but,33. Not until the game had begun _ at the sports ground. A. had he arrived B. did he arrive C. would he have arrived D. should he have arrived 34. I could not persuade him to accept it, _ make him know the importance of it. A. of only I could not B. no more than I could C. or I could not D nor could I 35. Not only _ about the food, but he also refused to pay for it. A. the customer complained B. did the customer complain C. when the customer complained D. the customer did complain 36. Only under special circumstances _ to take make-up tests. A. are freshmen permitted B. permitted are freshmen C. freshmen are permitted D. are permitted freshmen 37. At no time in the history of mankind _ greater chances for following careers they have now. A.had women B.have women had C.women had D.women have had,38. By no means _ look down upon the poor. A. we should B. should we C. ought we D. we shall 39. _ at first, they came to an agreement in the end. A. Much as they differed B. As they much differed C. As much they differed D. As they differed much 40. _ in recent years that it has almost become the rule. A. So often for this to happen B. So often this has happened C. So often is this happened D. So often has this happened 41. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _ with each other. A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled (2003) 42. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What,43. Is _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A. now B. man C. that D. it 44. No sooner _the bell rung _ the class handed in the papers. A. had; than B. had; when C. ; before D. has; then 45. _ , he could not do it alone. A. As he might try B. Since he might try C. Might as he try D. Try as he might 46. If Mr. Blake doesnt attend the meeting tomorrow, _. A. neither do I B. nor shall I C. I dont, either D. never I will 47.-I left my hometown 30 years ago. Ive never been there ever since. - - Oh. _. A. So did I B. Nor have I C. I did the same D. Same here 48. Not until I shouted at the top of my voice _ his head. A.that he turned B.had he turned C.did he turn D.that he had turned 49. _ no gravity, there would be no air around the earth. A. But for B. If there is C. Were there D. Had it,50. Only after he told me his name _ him. A. that I recognized B. did I recognize C. had I recognized D. I didnt recognize 51. _ her number, I would have telephoned you. A.Should I know B.If I was to know C.Did I know D.Had I known 52. _ that his hands couldnt help shaking. A. So was he