职称英语强化课程-词汇及语法要点.ppt

职称英语强化课程,词汇及语法要点,职称英语强化课程,2,职称英语,词汇选项 （15分） 阅读判断 （7分） 概括大意与完成句子（8分） 阅读理解 （45分） 补全短文（10分） 完形填空 （15分）,考试题型简介,职称英语强化课程,3,词汇题的特点,考查同义词、近义词 考单词，也考短语、词组 可以带词典，但以下两类词典不能带入考场： 1、国家规定电子出版物不能带入考场; 2、有职称字样及针对职称英语考试编写的字典均不能带入考场,例如字典上有“职称英语“字样的等。,职称英语强化课程,4,复习建议,多练查词典 如果有时间，尽量背一些单词和短语. 一些常用的词根词缀可以帮助记忆,职称英语强化课程,5,Ante-表示“反对的”：antisocial反社会的 auto-表示“自已的”：autobiography自传 bi-表示“两个”：bicycle自行车 bio-表示“生命”：hiology生物学 co-表示“共同”：cooperate合作 counter-表示“相反的”：counter-clockwise逆时针 de-表示“除去”：defrost除霜 dis-表示否定：dishonest不诚实的 il-表示否定(在字母l的前面)：illegal非法的 im-表示否定(在字母m，b和P的前面)：impossible不可能的 in-表示否定：inactive不活泼的 ir-表示否定(在字母r的前面)：irregular不规则的 inter-表示“互相”：international国际的,kilo-表示“千”：kilometers千米，公里 mid-表示“中间”：midday中午 mini-表示“特小的”：miniskirt超短裙 mis-表示“错误地”：misunderstand误解 non-表示否定：nonstop直达的 post-表示“后的”：postwar战后的 pre-表示“前的”：prewar战前的 re-表示“重新”：rewrite重写 sub-表示“下面的”：subway地下铁路 super-表示“超级”：superfine特级的 tele-表示“距离远的”：telescope望远镜 trans-表示“跨越”：transpacific跨越太平洋的 tri-表示“三”：triangle三角形 un-表示否定：unimportant不重要的,职称英语强化课程,6,1名词后缀 -ee：employee雇员trainee受训者 -er，-or：writer作家，conductor导体 -ion，-tion，-ation：collection收集，composition作文，observation观察 -ian：historian历史学家，politician政治家 -ist：artist艺术家，scientist科学家 -ment：arrangement安排，development 发展 -ness：kindness仁慈，happiness高兴 -ology：biology生物学，psychology心理学 -ship：friendship友谊，membership会员 资格 -ty，-ity：eurelty残忍，purity纯净 2动词后缀 -en：fasten扎牢，shorten缩小 -ify：beautify美化，simplify简化 -ize：modernize现代化，standardize标准化,3形容词后缀 -able，-ible，-ble：acceptable可接受的， divisible可分开的 -al：environmental环境的，exceptional 例外的 -ful：beautiful漂亮的，useful有用的 -ic，-ieal：atomic原子的，economical节俭的 -less：careless粗心的，homeless无家可 归的 -ive：attractive有吸引力的，effective有效的 -ous：dangerous危险的，famous著名的 -ly：daily每天的，manly丈夫气概的 -Y：dirty脏的，thirsty渴的 4副词后缀 -ly：compeletely完全地，really真正地 -ward：backward向后，onward向前 -wise：clockwise顺时针地，likewise同样地,职称英语强化课程,7,解题技巧及注意事项,词汇题不要当做翻译题来做. 做题时间：1520分钟 要分清词性 能辨别出原形 一致性原则 动词的及物性/不及物性一致 名词的单复数一致 时态一致,职称英语强化课程,8,词汇题解题技巧-查字典,划线的是一个单词 划线的是两个单词 a.介词+名词 b.动词+副词 划线的是三个单词 a.动词+副词+介词 b.动词+名词+介词 c.有并列连词连接的两个词性相同的词 划线的是四个单词： 动词+副词+物主代词+名词,职称英语强化课程,9,一些高频词汇短语,1.名词：research, researcher, study, scientist, professor, a team leader, finding, conclustion, result, reason,cause, idea, opinion, attitude, factor, problem, question, passage, paragraph, influence / impact / effect, example, case, remark / comment 2.动词：report, mention, infer, replace, suggest, show, cause, lead to, attributeto, have to, learn, have(something, nothing) to do with, happen / occur / take place, mean,refer to, start / begin, affect, explain, think, consider / takeas, agree to, object, be able to do something. 3.形容词：true, false, related to, concerned about, following, based on, active, different, same, similar, indifferent, interested, serious, positive, certain, likely, possible / probable, difficult, easy, some, many, most, few, little, either, neither, all, whole 4. 介词短语结构： according to, due to, because of, in the opinion of 5. 副词：partly, mostly, for example / for instance, however, therefore, consequently, moreover, besides, in addition, as a result, to sum up, in conclusion, hardly / rarely / seldom, tooto, much.,职称英语强化课程,10,1. She always finds fault with everything A simplifies B evaluates C criticizes D examins 2. The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its centre. A get rid of B set up C repair D paint 3. The football team，for the most part，were confident of winning the match. A mostly B partly C only D really 4. Have you got a spare pen? A a short B an extra C a thin D a long 5.This sort of thing is bound to happen. A sure B quick C fast D swift 6. First editions of certain popular books cannot be obtained for love or money. A at any place B at any price C in any language D in any country 7. Mary called me up very late last night. A shouted at me B visited me C telephoned D waked me,职称英语强化课程,11,8.Mary gets up at the same time every morning. A rises B raises C arrives D stands up 9. A beautiful woman attended to me in that store yesterday. A waited on B talked to C spoke to D stayed with 10. Gunpowder was used extensively in firearms prior to 1990. A in B around C from D before 11. He was one of the principal organizers of the association. A planners B employees C actors D recipients 12. Although originally a German innovation, kindergarten got its real start in the United States as a movement to provide an improved learning environment for children. A an easy B a playful C an open D a better 13. We have got to abide by the rules. A stick to B persist in C safeguard D apply,职称英语强化课程,12,语法点-概述,动词： 1.谓语动词：时态（八个），语态（六个+含有情态动词的被动语态，语序（倒装句），主谓一致 2.非谓语动词：形式（四个基本形式），特殊的动词 3.用字典查答案 名词和量词： 1.名词的标志 2.量词最基本的用法 形容词与副词：形容词与副词的比较级与最高级 从句：常见的从句， 句子机构：主谓宾，定状补,职称英语强化课程,13,语法点-谓语动词的时态,一般现在时，谓语动词：am, is, are, do, does 一般过去时，谓语动词：did 一般将来时，谓语动词：will do 过去将来时，谓语动词：would do 现在进行时，谓语动词：am/is/are+doing 过去进行时，谓语动词：was/were+doing 现在完成时，谓语动词：have/has+done 过去完成时，谓语动词：had+done,职称英语强化课程,14,现在完成时,Have/has 由主语来决定 时态都与时间有关。现在完成时的时间状语： since, many/several/four/three times, for+时间段, by the end of, during, in the las, past five years Since: 自从, since+时间状语从句 Since后面既可以从句也可以接时间,作“自从”意是，主句为现在完成时。 考时态，看时间，没有时间看谓语动词,职称英语强化课程,15,Practices,1. The old teacher _ in the school since 1962 A worked B works C has worked 2. I know something about Xian. I _there many times A have gone B went C have been 3. hes worked in this school _ it opened A for B since C before 4. By the end of 2000, all the teachers in our school _ of their own A have had B had had C will have 5. His father _ for four years A has been dead B has died C died 6. During the last three or four hundred years, the worlds polulation _ very fast A grew B had grown C has grown 7. My parents _ to Kunming. They left this morning and will return in a month. A have been B went C have gone 8. Mrs Wu _ here for thirteen years A has come B has been C has gone,职称英语强化课程,16,一般过去时,表示过去的时间状语 Yesterday, the day before yesterday, this morning, three days ago 过去式的变化形式：-ed,不规则变化 1. The train _ ten minutes ago. A arrived B arrives C is arriving,职称英语强化课程,17,现在进行时,表达形式：am / is / are + doing 时间状语：now ，现阶段， look, listen, Look! The children _ on the ground happily. Lets join them. A play B have played C are playing Listen! Someone _ at the door A knocked B knocking C is knocking,职称英语强化课程,18,一般将来时,表示从现在这个点起往后还没发生的 结构：will do, be going to do，祈使句 时间状语：tomorrow, 这个月底，今天晚上 There _ a sports meet our school next week A will have B is going to be C hold D will hold They _ Shandong next month. A visit B visited C are going to visit They will arrive here _ two month A after B for C in Im sorry shes out and she _ back until 9:30. A will come B come C wont be,职称英语强化课程,19,过去将来时,过去的某个时间点 / 某段时间正在进行的动作 结构：was / were + doing -Did you see Jim yesterday? -Yes, at eight oclock he _ an English story book A read B had read C was reading,职称英语强化课程,20,过去完成时,过去的过去 结构：had done When you got home, they _ A had left B have left C have went away,职称英语强化课程,21,主将从现,主将从现：主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时； 适用于时间状语从句（when, as soon as)和条件状语从句(if) 一般将来时：will do, 还有含有情态动词的句子， May I come in? I can do it. 祈使句 come in please. lets play!,职称英语强化课程,22,1. If it _ we wont go to the park. A rains B rain B raining 2. Could you tell me when the dinner party _, please? A begins B would begin C will begin 3. The work _ before he _ A can dois B can be donecomes C will be donearrive 4. I dont know if he _ tomorrow. If he _ tomorrow, please tell me. A will comewill come B comescomes C will comecomes 5. If it _rain tomorrow, well go to the zoo A doesnt B wont C isnt 6. Do you know if Tom _ tomorrow A comes B will come C come,职称英语强化课程,23,语法点-谓语动词的语态,基本结构：be done, 时态看be,标志词： by 一般现在时的被动语态 am / is / are done 一般过去时的被动语态 was / were done 一般将来时的被动语态 will be done 过去将来时的被动语态 would be done 现在完成时的被动语态 have / has been done 过去完成时的被动语态 had been done 含有情态动词的被动语态 做题方法：看选项，语态优先， 看动词和前面的名词之间的关系 不及物动词后面不可直接加宾语,职称英语强化课程,24,1. Pens _ by people for writing. A use B using C are used 2. Several thousands of trees _ in our city every year. A have planted B has been planted C are planted 3. Tom _ to work long hours yesterday A found B was looked C has been 4. She _ lived here for three years A didnt B has been C hasnt 5. The work _ before he _ back. A can dois B can be donecomes C will be donearrive 6. Our classroom _ everyday. A should clean B clean C should be cleaned 7. He _ playing football by his mother on the playground A see B saw C was seen 8. Bananas _ in Hainan A are growing B has grown C are grown,职称英语强化课程,25,语法点-倒装句,倒装句：主语的前面出现了be动词，情态动词或者是助动词 Be动词：am / is / are / was / were 情态动词： can / may / must / should 助动词： do / does / did / will / would / have / has / had 倒装句的条件：句子以only开头 Only+状语+be动词 / 情态动词 / 助动词 + 主语 状语：地点副词（there/here),介词短语（in this shop / by this way,状语从句：when Only there _ (we can see him). Only by this way _(you can do it) 否定副词：neither, nor, hardly 否定副词+be动词 / 情态动词 / 助动词 + 主语 She can hardly believe it. Hardly can she believe it I cant believe you, _. A and she cant too B either can she C nor can she,职称英语强化课程,26,语法点 从句的语序,从句的语序：但凡是从句，都是陈述句的语序，不能用倒装 Where do you live?-I dont know where you live What is his name? I dont know what his name is Where will you go? I dont know where you will go Tell me Where _ that medicine. A can we get B we can get C should we get Nobody knows _. A where does he wor B Where he works C where did he work Do you know where _? A he live B does he live C he lives,职称英语强化课程,27,语法点：主谓一致,主谓一致（完形填空，完成句子） 主语和谓语动词数量保持一致 Have / has Is / are, was / were Everyone, someone, anyone, no one, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, everything, something, anything, nothing 以上这些词谓语动词用单数 Everyone _ at school today. A are B is C am,职称英语强化课程,28,用字典查动词,如何利用字典 动宾搭配：如果选项是四个不同的动词， 看横线后面有没有名词，有名词则构成动宾搭配 介词副词：如果选项是四个不同的动词， 看横线后面有没有介词、副词 根据题干中后面的动词形式来决定前一个动词 要求查字典比较快，应该练习查字典的速度,职称英语强化课程,29,Will you go and _ the football match? A have a look B look at C watch Its cold today. Please _ your sweater A put on B wear C take off Excuse me, may I _ your telephone? I have something important to tell my mother A tke B lend C use I _ my English book in reading-room, please go and get it for me A forgot B lost C left She began to _ something, but stopped when she heard the teacher speaking A tell B speak C say Dont forget to _ an umbrella with you, its going to rain A bring B take C carry It was raining hard when she _ school A arrived B get C reached How much does this sweater _? A take B spend C cost Everybody here is busy _ Christmas and buying Christmas presents A looking for B taking care of C getting ready for,职称英语强化课程,30,Heres Pollys food in these bags. Theyre both full. Theres enough to _for two months. A last B stop C live John _ him that he should say a few words about this at the meeting A talked B told C spoke Its not polite to _ others A be angry with B catch up with C laugh at “The village is quite far from here. Im afraid you have to _ a bus.” The Young Pioneer told the old man. A take B carry C sit Father Christmas _ on top of the house and climbs down the chimney into the fireplace. A reaches B lands C arrives Please remember to _ the light before you leave. A close B open C turn off Wu Peng dropped his stick! He stopped to get it and of course _. A tried on B fell off C fell behind She took out her money and _ the dress. A found out B paid for C sent for I havent _ my uncle for a long time. A heard B heard from C received,职称英语强化课程,31,语法点-非谓语动词,非谓语动词的形式 to do - not to do Do (不带to的不定式) Doing Done 否定形式：not to do 什么时候用非谓语动词：谓语动词的前边或者后边再出现动词的时候 I will go. I will go to play football. I will go to see a movie. 非谓语动词是用to do还是do还是doing由前一个动词来决定。 Done 先排除，接触的不多 To do, do, doing是放在谓语动词后面的 仅仅围绕考试经常出现的情况去讲；考试句子中一般有两个动词，其中一个是谓语动词 一些特殊的动词,职称英语强化课程,32,语法点-一些特殊的动词,1. Make / let / have (has) : 使， 让， 使役动词 Make / let / have (has) sb.do sth. Had better do: 最好干什么 Why not do: 为什么不呢？ 2. 感官动词：see / hear / watch / find / feel / notice sb.do / doing sth. 注意：be seen / heard to do/doing sth. be made to do sth. Make him _ for ten hours (work) He was made _ for ten hours (work Hear sb. _ (sing) See the boy _ (run) Let them _ there. (go),职称英语强化课程,33,3. enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 Look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事 thanks to doing sth. 多亏了 owe to doing sth. 因为 due to doing sth. 归功于 Lead to doing sth. 导致 Contribution/ contribute to doing sth. 贡献 Be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事 Cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 4. done: 表被动，单独的过去分词不能充当谓语动词 done 取决于离它最近的名词， 被动关系用done, 主动关系用to do /do /doing have TV set _ (repair) have him _ (repair) TV set. get the work _ (do),语法点-一些特殊的动词,职称英语强化课程,34,The policeman told the boys _ in the street. A not to play B dont play C not play Its time for class. Boys and girls, stop _. A talk B to talk C talking Youd better _ swimming in the sea A not to go B not go C dont go The girl was heard _ in the next room A sing B to sing C sang The machine doesnt work well. Why not _ it _? A haverepair B to haverepair C haverepaired Did you see them _ in the river just now? A to swim B swam C swimming All the students were busy _ except Fred. A reading B to read C read Most of the young people enjoy _ the popular songs A sing B to sing C singing It makes me _ better. A fell B to feel C feel,职称英语强化课程,35,Youd better _ in bed. Its bad for your eyes. A dont read B to not read C not read When the baby saw the stranger, he couldnt help _. A cry B to cry C crying The boss _ his workers work more than 12 hours a day. A made B asked C told I want to give the boy something nice _. A to eat B eat C ate Thank you for _ us so many interesting stories. A tell B to tell C telling Dont stop and go on _. A read B to read C reading He was heard _songs loudly late last night. His neighbours were angry with him. A to sing B to singing C sing I _ dancing and singing. A Hope B need Cenjoy When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped _ at once A laughing b laughed C laugh,职称英语强化课程,36,A girl saw it _ when she waswalking past. A happened B was happening C happen One day, I _ some boys playing in that river. A asked B saw C made The policeman let the traffic _ again A go B to go C going Youd better _ in class, boys and girls. A not to talk B not talk C to not talk We kept _ the ball to each other, they couldnt get it at all. A to pass B passing C passed He is thirsty. He needs something _ A drink B to drink C to drinking Jim told you _ to Polly in English every day. A speaks B to speak C speak,职称英语强化课程,37,语法点-名词,名词的分类：可数名词与不可数名词， 不可数名词不存在复数形式， 可数名词复数的特殊形态 man men woman women foot feet, child children 名词的特点 冠词 （the / a / an) 后面接的是名词， 特例：the +形容词 表示一类人 某人的后面接的是名词 （my/our / his / her / their / its) 介词的后面肯定接名词 （on / in / for) Of 两边是名词 通过后缀 er/or结尾 worker, teacher, visitor, tion/sion 结尾： collection, dicision ness后缀：sadness ment后缀：development y结尾：sagety, difficulty, ship结尾：friendship hood结尾：childhood dom结尾: freedom ence/ance结尾：difference ing结尾,职称英语强化课程,38,语法点:名词,名词与量词的关系 Some (肯定句）， any (疑问句和后定居）既可以接可数名词复数，又可以接不可数名词 2. few （几乎没有）, a few (有几个） ： few + 可数名词的复数 3. Little（几乎没有）, a little (有点）后面都接不可数名词 4. many, much many+可数名词复数， much+不可数名词 5. a lot of, lots of (许多，大量）即可接可数名词复数，又可接不可数名词 6. a great deal of (许多，大量）只接不可数名词 7. a number of, the number of 后面都接可数名词复数 a number of a lot of, 接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式：are / were / have /do the number of 用单数的谓语动词 the number of books is fifty 名词所有格 1. s一般用于有生命体的 Li Pings book 2. of 一般用于无生命的 the window of the classroom 名词与冠词 （a / an / the) : 单数可数名词前必须加冠词 the 特指 a / an 泛指,职称英语强化课程,39,How far is it from here to your school? - About six _ walk. A minute B minutes C minutes The river is very dirty. _ people go to swim in it. A A few B Many C Few The machine was making _. A lot of noice B lot of noices C a lot of noice D lots of noices Whos the man in the jeep? Hes _ father A Lucy and Lily B Lucys and Lilys C Lucy and Lilys There is _ orange in the glass. I cant give you any. A little B a litte C few What would you like to drink? Id like _ coffee. A any B some C many Is there enough _ for me in the car? A place B room C seat Hell give me _ to finish it. A two-week time B two weeks time C two weeks time Dont rush, theres _ time left. A few B a few C a little,职称英语强化课程,40,语法点 - 代词,补全短文，完形填空，完成句子 代词代的是名词，代什么名词看前面的句子 常见的代词 1. 人称代词 a. 主格：作主语，主语大都在句首 第一人称单复数：I / we 第二人称单复数：you / you 第三人称单复数：he / she / it / they b. 宾格：作宾语，宾语位置在动后介后 第一人称单复数：me / us 第二人称单复数：you / you 第三人称单复数：him / her / it / them 2. 物主代词 a. 形容词性的物主代词：相当于是个形容词，后面必须接名词 第一人称单复数：my / our 第二人称单复数：your / your 第三人称单复数：his / her / its / their b. 名词性的物主代词：相当于是个名词 第一人称单复数：mine / ours 第二人称单复数：yours / yours 第三人称单复数：his / hers / its / theirs,职称英语强化课程,41,固定词组搭配 1. either or 要么要么 完形填空中可能要选either和or搭配 完成句子：已经写好半个句子，要求再写半个句子 ：either_ 2. neithernor既不也不 3. Onethe other一个另一个 4. Someothers一些另一些, others 后面不需要再加名词 5. Bothand两者 6. All of所有的 either of Neither of One of + 可数名词复数 Both of Another : 范围是三个或三个以上,语法点 - 代词,职称英语强化课程,42,He has two kites. One is big, _ is small. A the other B another C other There are two computers here. _ of them _ nice. A Bothis B Neitherare C Neitheris My grandmother has lived here nearly _ A all her life B her all life C all the life. _ you _ she can borrow the book because there is only