现在分词和过去分词的用法异同.ppt

现在分词和过去分词 用法之异同,分词的形式：,否定式：not + 现在分词,现在分词和过去分词的用法异同历来是学习中的难点和高考测试的重点。众所周知，两种分词的区别很多，但它们之间的根本区别是： 过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成，在语态上侧重于被动； 而现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行，在语态上侧重于主动。 这种根本的区别具体体现在两种分词分别充当的各种句子成份中。细述如下：,一、分词作定语,共同点：分词作定语时，如果分词只是一个单词，那么，该分词就位于其所修饰的名词之前；如果是分词短语，那么，该短语就位于其所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。 eg The girl dressed in white is Mary. The swimming boy is my brother. 不同点：分词作定语时，被分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。 eg Anyone swimming will be punished. They lived in a room facing the north thirty years ago.,1.There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，句子后半部分是一个作定语、修饰 noise 的分词短语；再根据句意“一阵闪电之后，接着就是一声巨响。”可知，巨响应是主动，紧接在闪电之后的。因此，该题应选B。 2.The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games 的后置分词短语；再根据 The Olympic Games 对于动词 play 来说只能是被动承受，且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此，该题应选C。 3.Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 简析：该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句 which is spoken,4.Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 简析：该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句 who were invited 5.The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 简析：该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后，可以用非限制性定语从句“which was opened last year”代替 6.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 简析：该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句which were written,二、分词作表语,共同点：分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。 不同点：分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生 eg The news sounds encouraging. They got very excited.,1.This news sounds _. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在句中应作表语，因为 sounds 在此句中用作连系动词；再根据 The news 对于动词 encourage 来说应是主动关系，即这个消息本身就鼓舞人心。因此，该题应选A。 2. -How did Bob do in the exams this time? -Well, his father seems _ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please 简析：首先, 根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作表语。因为 seems 在此句中用作连系动词; 再根据 his father 对于动词 please 来说应是被动关系, 即这个结果使他的父亲高兴; 换言之, 他的父亲因为受到这个结果的刺激而感到高兴。因此, 该题应选C。 3. -How did the audience receive the new play? -They got very _. A . excite B . excited C . excitedly D . exciting 简析：该题应选B。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。,三、分词作宾语补足语,共同点：分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。 不同点：分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。 eg We found the eggs eaten by the dog. He had some pictures taken in the park.,1.The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 简析: 首先, 根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作宾补, 补充说明宾语 the man; 再根据宾语 the man 对于动词 lie 来说应是主动关系, 而且, lie 这个动作与谓语动词 found 同时进行。因此, 该题应选A。 2. -Good morning. Can I help you? -Id like to have the package _, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 简析: 首先, 根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作宾补, 补充说明宾语 the package; 再根据 the package 对于动词 weigh 来说, 只能是被动关系。因此，该题应选D。,3. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. sailing C. to sail D. to have sailed 简析: 该题应选B。测试动词 imagine 后要求跟动名词, Peter 是动名词的逻辑主语。 4.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against your face. A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move 简析: 该题应选B。测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示宾语正发出的动作。,四、分词作状语（重难点）,共同点：分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。 不同点：分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生谓语动词之前或同时发生。 eg Not knowing anything about the accident, he went to work as usual. Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.,1.European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在整个句中应作状语；再根据 European football 对于 make 来说应是主动关系，即欧洲足球使之本身成为一项最受世人欢迎的运动。因此，该题应选A。 2._ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 简析：该题应选C。 测试非谓语动词的否定式是在其前直接加 not 。若动作发生在主句动作之前时用非谓语的完成式。 3.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 简析：该题应选C。测试现在分词可以作补充说明的状语。,4. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 简析：该题应选A。测试现在分词作伴随状语，通过副词 angrily 进行干扰。若B 答案为 and pointed angrily 时也对。 另外，分词作状语时，如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时，需要独立主格结构或 with 复合结构来替代