2014高考英语(北师大版)总复习课件Unit8Adventu.ppt

Unit 8 Adventure 基础知识梳理 词汇梳理 1. _ n. 奇遇;冒险的经历 2. _ n. 沙漠 3. _ v. 非强制的,9. _ n.团体;组织;机构 _ v.组织 10. _ adj.不舒服的;不自在的 11. _ adj.最大的;最多的 12. _ n.行李 13. _ n. 高度;海拔 14. _ vi.不同于;有区别 _ n.不同;差别 _ adj.不同的;有差别的 15. _ adj.忧虑的;担心的 _ n.忧虑;担心,16. _ adj.极端的;极度的 17. _ n.体操 18. _ n.相似性;类似性 _ adj.相似的 19. _ adv.确切地;精确地 20. _ vt.冒的危险 21. _ n.兴奋;激动 _ adj.兴奋的;激动的 22. _ adj.不同的;各种各样的 _ n.多样性,23. _ vi.流动;涌出 24. _ n.配备;设备 _ vt.配备 25. _ adj.黯淡的;迟钝的 26. _ n.较喜欢的东西;偏爱 _ vt.偏爱;较喜欢 27. _ n.旅行者 _ v.旅行 28. _ vt.使惊愕 _ adj.令人惊讶的 _ adj.惊讶的 _ n.惊讶;惊异,29. _ n.商品;物品 30. _ vt.使困惑 _ n.困惑 31. _ adj.富有的;富裕的 32. _ n.口述;听写 33. _ n.量;数量 34. _ n.教授 35. _ vt.震惊;惊骇 36. _ n.准备;预备 _ v.准备 _ adj.有准备的,37. _ n.志向 _ adj.有志向的 38. _ adj.没有希望的 39. _ adj.愉快的;高兴的 40. _ adj.远方的;远处的 41. _ vt.运转;起作用 42. _ n.耐心;忍耐力 _ adj.耐心的 43. _ n.国籍,44. _ vt.观察;观测 45. _ n. 运输;运送 46. _ n.不利;不利条件 _ adj.不利的;处于劣势的 47. _ n.幸存;残存;生存 _ v.幸存 48. _ n.遮蔽;庇护所 49. _ n.哲学 _ adj.哲学的 _ n.哲学家 50. _ n.边界;限度,自我校对 1.adventure 2.desert 3.hike 4.presenter 5.major 6.tiring 7.extra 8.optional 9.organisation;organize 10.uncomfortable 11.maximum 12.luggage 13.altitude 14.differ;difference;different 15.anxious;anxiety 16.extreme 17.gymnastics 18.similarity; similar 19.exactly 20.risk 21.excitement; excited 22.various; variety 23.flow 24.equipment; equip 25.dull 26.preference; prefer 27.traveler; travel 28.amaze; amazing; amazed;,amazement 29.goods 30.puzzle; puzzlement 31.wealthy 32.dictation 33.quantity 34.professor 35.shock 36.preparation; prepare; prepared 37.ambition; ambitious 38.hopeless 39.cheerful 40.distant 41.function 42.patience; patient 43.nationality 44.observe 45.transport 46.disadvantage; disadvantageous 47.survival; survive 48.shelter 49.philosophy; philosophical; philosopher 50.limit,短语梳理 1. _ 起飞 2. _ 就在此刻 3. _ 为了某一目的 4. _ 颠倒地;倒置地 5. _ 出现;到场 6. _ 决定不履行(允诺的事) 7. _ 轮流 8. _ (坏事)突然发生;爆发,9. _ 坚持某种说法 10. _ 在途中 11. _ 损坏;不能够运转 12. _ 用完;耗尽 13. _ 继续做某事 14. _ 关进监狱,自我校对 1.take off 2. right now 3. in order to 4.upside down 5.turn up6.back out 7.in turn 8.break out 9.stand by 10.on the way 11. break down 12. run out of 13. carry on 14.be put into prison / put . in / into prison,重点知识探究 重点单词 1. major adj. 较大的;主要的;严重的 n. 专业;主修科目vi.(美)主修;专攻 There are major and minor principles in everything, and the minor principles are all subordinate to the major. 事情有大道理,有小道理,一切小道理都归大道理管着。 Mathematics is my major. 我的专业是数学。 She majored in maths and physics at university. 她在大学里主修数学和物理。,发散思维 majority n. 大多数 minor adj. 少部分的;少数的 minority n.少数;少部分,探究练习 This is a / an _ problem and we should think it over before taking any action to solve it. A. minor B. major C. little D. effortless,【解析】 B 考查了major表示“主要的;重要的;严重的”之意的用法。句意：这是一个很严重的问题,所以我们在采取行动解决问题之前一定要慎重。minor是“轻微的;不重要的;少数的”; little是“小的;少的”; effortless是“不费事的”,均为干扰项。,2. differ vi.不同于;有区别 Opinions differ widely on this matter. 在这个问题上，意见分歧很大。 French differs from English in this aspect. 在这方面，法语不同于英语。 These two computers differ much in price. 这两台电脑价格方面差别很大。,知识梳理 differ from与不同 differ in在(某方面)不同 differ(with sb. ) on / about / over sth. (与某人)就某事意见不同,发散思维 (1)different adj.有差异的;不同的 be different from和不同 (2)difference n.差别;差异;不和 make a / some difference有影响;起重要作用 make no difference不起作用 tell the difference between A and B区分A与B indifferent adj.冷淡的;漠不关心的,探究练习 Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly _ size and shape. A. on B. from C. by D. in,【解析】 D differ in . 表示“在某方面有差异”之意;句意：所有的树上都有叶子,但是它们在大小和形状上有很大的差异。,3. anxious adj.忧虑的;担心的;渴望的 Helen is anxious about traveling on her own. 海伦对自己一个人出门旅行感到担心。 She was anxious to finish school and get a job to help her parents support the family. 她很渴望完成学业然后找一份工作帮助父母养家。,知识梳理 be anxious about / for sth. (某人)担心某事 be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事 be anxious for sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事 anxiety n. 焦虑;令人着急的事 anxiety for sth. / to do sth. 渴望/渴望做某事 with anxiety 焦虑地,点津提示 be anxious后面可以接that引导的从句,从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气的形式,表示“渴望”。,探究练习 翻译句子。 (1)她为她儿子的考试结果而担忧。 _ (2)他渴望回到家乡去看看。 _ (3)想到他的儿子独自一人在美国,他就很为他担忧。 _,【答案】 (1) She was anxious about his sons exam result. (2)He is anxious to return to visit his hometown. (3)Thinking of his son who is alone in America, he was anxious for him.,高考体验 (2011天津)People have always been _ about exactly how life on earth began. A. curious B. excited C. anxious D. careful,【解析】 A 句意：人们一直对世界上的生命起源非常好奇。形容词短语搭配be curious about“对好奇”; excited“兴奋的”; anxious“焦虑的”; careful“认真的”。,4. risk vt.冒的危险 n. 冒险;风险 You are taking a big risk driving so fast. 你开车这样快是在冒很大的危险。 Are you prepared to risk traveling without an armed guard? 你准备冒险不带武装警卫出行吗？ If you are considering starting a business, think carefully about the risks involved. 如果你在考虑创办公司,要认真地想想所涉及的各种风险。,知识梳理 at risk 在危险中 at all risks (=at any risk) 无论冒什么危险;无论如何 at the risk of (=at risk to) 冒之险;不顾之风险 run (take) a risk(s) 冒险 run (take) the risk of doing sth. 冒险做某事 take no risks 慎重行事 risk doing sth. 冒险干某事,探究练习 He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost,【解析】 B 考查了risk doing表示“冒险干某事”之意的用法;而其余选择项均不符合语法要求。,5. amaze vt.使惊愕 What amazes me is how long she managed to hide it from us. 使我们惊愕的是,她竟然把这件事情隐瞒了我们这么久。 Their loyalty never ceases to amaze me. 他们的忠诚一直让我惊叹。 I am amazed to hear that he passed the driving test. 我惊讶于得知他竟然通过了驾照考试。,知识梳理 (1)amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的 an amazing achievement / discovery / success / performance惊人的成就/发现/成功/表演 (2)amazed adj.感到吃惊的 be amazed at / by sb. / sth. 对感到吃惊的 be amazed to see / find / learn . 惊异地看到/发现/获悉 (3)amazement n.惊愕;惊诧 in amazement惊愕地 to ones amazement令某人大为惊奇的是,探究练习 I am _ at his achievement because he is blind. A. amazing B. amazed C. surprised D. surprising,【解析】 B 考查了be amazed at表示“惊异于某物”之意的用法。句意：我惊异于他的功绩,因为他是一个盲人。amazed表示人具有的感情,“感到吃惊的”;而surprised是“吃惊的”,最一般的用语。,6. confuse vi. & vt.使困惑 They asked so many questions that they confused me. 他们问了许多问题,都把我弄糊涂了。 This is an attempt to confuse form and (with) substance.这是企图把形式同实质混淆。 These verbs are often confused. 这些动词常被弄混。,知识梳理 confuse . with . 把与弄混 confuse sb. 使某人困感 (1)confused adj. (感到)困惑的 (2)confusing adj. 令人迷惑的 (3)confusion n. 困惑;混淆 in confusion 困惑地;迷茫地 throw sb. into confusion 使某人不知所措,探究练习 翻译句子。 (1)他删去了这道令人困惑的数学题。 _ (2)我困惑于他的模棱两可的回答。 _ (3)不要混淆是非。 _,【答案】 (1)He deleted the confusing mathematic problem. (2)I felt confused at his confusing answer. (3)Dont confuse the right with the wrong.,7. quantity n. 数量;量 The quality speaks louder than the quantity. 质量胜过数量。 Quantities of food were put on the table. 桌子上摆满了大量的食物。,点津提示 huge / large quantities of 既可以接可数名词又可以接不可数名词, of后面不论是接可数名词还是接不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词均用复数形式。a large quantity of 后跟可数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式;跟不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。,巧学助记,探究练习 With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year. A. is being washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away,【解析】 D 句意：随着越来越多的森林被毁坏,每年大量的泥土都被冲走。考查了quantities of 修饰名词作主语的用法,其后谓语动词用复数形式,由句意知是被动语态。,8. preparation n. 准备;预备 He sharpened his knife in preparation for carving the meat. 他磨快了刀准备切肉。 We made preparations for the trip. 我们为旅行做了准备。 He didnt do enough preparation for his exam, and failed. 他考试前没有充分准备,结果不及格。,知识梳理 (1)make preparations for / to do . 为做准备 in preparation在准备中 (2)prepare vt.准备;预备;筹备;调制;为做准备 prepare ones lessons准备功课 prepare for . 为做准备 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 (3)prepared adj.准备好的;有所准备的 be (well) prepared for / to do sth. 对(做)某事有(充分的)准备,探究练习 Having _ for the trip, they decided to set out. A. made preparations B. made preparation C. took preparations D. took preparation,【解析】 A 考查了make preparations for sth. 表示“为做好准备”之意的用法。,9. patience n. 耐力;忍耐力 People have lost patience with the slow pace of reform. 人们对改革的缓慢速度已经失去耐心。 Teaching children with special needs / requires patience and understanding. 教导有特殊需要的儿童需要耐心和体谅。,知识梳理 with patience 耐心地 be out of patience with 对不耐烦 have no patience with 对不能够容忍,探究练习 Used to TV shows, where everything is quick and entertaining, many people do not have the _ to read a book that requires thinking. A. courage B. wisdom C. patience D. freedom,【解析】 C 考查了patience表示“耐心;忍耐力”之意的用法。句意：习惯于看节奏快娱乐性强的电视节目，很多人没有耐心去读一本需要思考的书。courage表示“勇气”; wisdom是“智慧”; freedom是“自由”,均为干扰项。,10. aim n.目标;目的;瞄准 vi.计划;打算;瞄准;针对 Research is being done with the specific aim of monitoring customer trends. 做这个研究的特定目的是为检测客户的动向。 These measures are aimed at preventing violent crime. 这些措施旨在防止暴力犯罪。,知识梳理 take aim at 向瞄准 without aim 漫无目的的 the aim in doing sth. 做某事的目的 aim at 瞄准;目的在于 aim for 致力;努力追求,巧学助记,探究练习 The NBA star Yao Ming wants to set up a Hope Project School, _ poor children in remote areas to receive education. A. aims at helping B. aiming at helping C. aims to helping D. aimed to help,【解析】 B 考查了aim at doing sth. 表示“旨在做某事”之意用法。此处aim是不及物动词。,11. observe vt.观察;观测;遵守 The patients were observed over a period of several months. 这些病人被观察了数月之久。 She observed that all the chairs were already occupied. 她发现所有的椅子都有人坐了。 Anyone in this school should observe the rule. 任何在这所学校里的人都应该遵守规则。,知识梳理 observe sth. 观察/遵守/庆祝 observe a rule 遵守规则 (1)observer n. 观察者;观测者;遵守者 (2)observation n. 观察;注意;监测;观测 be under observation 受到监视,探究练习 The far side of the moon is difficult for us to _. A. perform B. possess C. observe D. support,【解析】 C 考查动词辨析。句意：我们很难观察月亮的另一边。perform“操作；执行”; possess“拥有”; observe“观察；遵守”; support“支持”。,12. disadvantage n. 不利;劣势;不利条件 His bad health is a great disadvantage to him. 他身体不好是他的不利之处。 The washing machine has two serious disadvantages. 这台洗衣机有两个严重缺陷。 We were put at a serious disadvantage. 我们被置于非常不利的地位。,知识梳理 (be) at a disadvantage 处于不利地位 put sb. at a disadvantage 使某人处于不利地位 keep sb. at a disadvantage 使某人处于不利地位 to sb. s disadvantage 对某人不利;使某人吃亏,探究练习 _, he was not able to speak English fluently. A. To his disadvantage B. For his disadvantage C. As his disadvantage D. To his advantage,【解析】 A 考查了固定搭配to ones disadvantage表示“对某人不利的是”之意的用法。句意：对他不利的是,他不能够流利地讲英语。其余选择项均为干扰项。,重点短语 1. take off 起飞;拿走;取下;去掉;(使)离开;起跳 Its exciting to feel the plane taking off. 感觉到飞机起飞令人兴奋。 I cant take the lid off; its stuck! 这盖子卡住了,我拿不下来。 I cant take my boots off; theyre so tight! 靴子太紧了,我脱不下来! Ill take off now, and see you later. 我现在就要走了,回头见。 The tiger took off from the ground with a powerful spring. 老虎从地上猛地一跃而起。,知识拓展 take on 具有;呈现(某种性质、特征等);担任(工作);承担(责任);雇用;装出某种样子;口流行 take out 取出;拔出;除掉(污迹等);擦去;邀(某人)出门;带去 take out of 取出;除去;要赔偿;报仇 take after追赶;追捕 take over 接收(管、任);把载送到 take sb. wrong 误解(曲解)某人的意思 take to 爱;喜欢;嗜好;沉迷于;养成的习惯;开始从事 take up 举(拿、捡、拔)起;占(地方);费(时间);占据;接纳(乘客);(船)承装(货物),探究练习 用与take有关的短语补全下列的句子。 (1)The factory has _ some children workers, which is against the law. (2)The plane will _ at the usual time. (3)I have _ getting up early every day. (4)CBS Records was _ by Sony. (5)This desk _ too much room and please move it.,【答案】 (1)taken on (2)take off (3)taken to (4)taken over (5)takes up,2. in order to 为了(某一个目的) She got up earlier than usual in order to catch the early bus. 她比平常早起了一点为了赶上早班车。 In order to pass the exam, she spent all her time and energy in preparing it. 为了通过考试,她几乎把所有的时间和精力都投入到了准备考试上。,求同存异 in order to, so as to, in order that, so that in order to do引导目的状语 so as to do 引导目的状语 in order that 或so that接从句,探究练习 用in order to, so as to, in order that或so that填空。 (1) _ do the work well, he first made a careful design. (2)She made full preparations _ pass the job interview. (3)He got up early _ he might catch the first bus. (4)All the people in the company worked hard together _ the work was finished completely in time.,【答案】 (1) In order to (2) so as to / in order to (3)so that / in order that (4)so that,3. turn up 出现;到场;调大(音量) We arranged to meet at 7:30, but she never turned up. 我们约好了7：30碰面,但是她根本没有露面。 Please turn the radio up a little. 请把收音机开大一点。 He didnt turn up until half an hour later. 半小时后他才出现。,知识拓展 与turn有关的其他短语： turn about 转向相反的方向;轮流;更替;反复思考 turn against (使)变成和敌对;使(事情)对不利 turn around(=turn round) 转过去;转身;改换意见 turn away 转过脸去;把驱逐出去;解雇;离开;避开;防止 turn back 转回去;往回走;挡回;使折回 turn down (使)折起来;(使)翻下来;调低;关小(灯光);拒绝 turn in 拐进去;转身进去;口交还;上缴,turn into 进入;(使)变成;(使)成为 turn off 关(自来水、电灯、收音机等);辞退;解雇 turn on 拧开(自来水、电灯、收音机) turn out 关上(自来水、电灯等);生产;制造;培养出;驱逐(某人)出去;证明是;结果是 turn over (使)翻过来;(使)翻倒;交给;移交;熟思;再三考虑 turn to 指向;转向;求助于;变成,探究练习 用与turn有关的短语填空。 (1)I will wait till he _. (2)There is no one that I can _ when I am in trouble. (3)He was _ yesterday because he was always careless when he was doing the work. (4)He lay in the bed, _ this plan all the evening. (5)It was said that there would be rain but it _ that it was sunny that day. (6)I gave him a piece of advice but he _ it _.,【答案】 (1)turns up (2)turn to (3)turned off (4)turning over / about (5)turned out (6)turned; down,高考体验 (2011江苏) You look upset. Whats the matter? I had my proposal _ again. A. turned over B. turned on C. turned off D. turned down,【解析】 D 考查动词短语。从对话可知答语人的建议遭至了拒绝,因此有点儿不快。turn down“拒绝;顶回(提议、建议或提议人)”,符合句意。turn over“翻转”; turn on“打开”; turn off“关掉”。,4. get across 使理解 The teacher tried his best to get the abstract concept across to his students. 老师竭尽全力使这个抽象的概念被学生理解。 Your meaning didnt really get across. 你的意思并未真正被别人理解。,知识拓展 与across有关的其他短语： put across 使理解 go across 走过 come across 偶然遇到 meet across 遭遇 run across 不期而遇;偶然发现,探究练习 用与across有关的短语补全下列的句子。 (1)The girl is so young that she cant _ her idea to me. (2)When I was doing shopping in the supermarket I _ my old schoolmate. (3)She _ the accident because she did lose her concentration on the driving. (4) You should _ the street and walk along it till you come to the second corner.,【答案】 (1)put across / get across (2)ran / came across (3)met across (4)go across,高考体验 (2010浙江)After that, he knew he could _ any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability. A. get away with B. get on with C. get through D. get across,【解析】 C 句意：在那之后,他明白了只要尽其所能,把能力发挥到最好就能解决任何紧急事件。get away with“带着逃脱;离开”; get on with“进展；相处”; get through“通过;做完;解决”; get across“超过;被理解;通过”。根据句意可知答案为C项。,5. in turn 轮流;依次;反之;反过来 The children called out their names in turn. 孩子们逐一自报姓名。 All theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice. 任何理论都是来源于实践,反过来为实践服务。,知识拓展 turn用作名词表示“轮流;轮班”之意时的短语： by turns 轮流地 take turns to do sth. 轮流干某事;依次干某事 It is ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人干某事 out of turn 不依顺序地;冒冒失失地;轻率地,高考体验 (2007湖北)People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this _ creates further problems. A. in short B. in case C. in doubt D. in turn,【解析】 D 考查了in turn表示“反过来”之意的用法。句意：人们通过自己开车的方式避免因为乘坐公共交通而导致的耽误,不过,这又反过来产生了更为严重的问题。in short表示“简而言之;总之”; in case表示“以防;万一”; in doubt是“怀疑地”,均为干扰项。,6. break out(坏事)突然发生;爆发 The fire broke out so suddenly that each of them had no time to escape from it. 火灾爆发地如此突然以至于没有人能够有时间从火灾中逃脱。 Something unexpected always breaks out in this area. 在这一地区总有意想不到的事情发生。,知识拓展 与break有关的其他短语： break away 突然离开;脱离;放弃(云、雾等)消散 break down 失败;出了故障;毁掉;拆除;损坏;瓦解;【化】改变的化学成分 break forth 突然发出;迸发 break from 挣脱;突然离去 break in闯入;破门而入;打断;插嘴,break into 闯入;潜入;破门而入;插入;打断;开始(某种活动);突然起来 break of 使免于;戒去;治愈 break off 突然停止;暂停;休息一下;折断;绝交 break through 突破;(在科学研究上)有重大发现 break up 停止;散开;分成小块;拆开;分解;衰弱;断交;绝交;破裂,探究练习 I was still sleeping when the fire _, and then it spread quickly. A. broke out B. put out C. came out D. got out,【解析】 A 考查了break out表示“(战争、火灾)爆发”之意的用法。句意：我正在睡觉这时候火灾爆发了,然后,火势迅速蔓延。put out是“生产;扑灭”; come out是“出版;发芽”; get out是“摆脱”,均为干扰项。,7. stand by站在一边;坚持(某种)说法;准备行动;待命;支持;支援;信守诺言 There were several people standing by when the accident happened. 事故发生的时候有好几个人在场。 Stand by for further orders! 准备好待命! Well stand by you through thick and thin. 不管多么艰难困苦,我们都要支持你们。 My teacher is a man who stands by his promises. 我的老师是一位信守诺言的人。,知识拓展 与stand有关的其他短语： stand for 代表;象征;意味着;支持;主张;赞成 stand for nothing 毫无用处 stand in(for) 加入;参加 stand off 远离 stand out 突出;出色;显眼 stand up 站起来;持久 stand up for 拥护;辩护 stand up to 勇敢地抵抗;经得住 stand with 同一致;和站在一起,探究练习 用与stand有关的短语补全下列的句子。 (1)You should _ what you have promised to me. (2)She _ in the last job interview. (3)X _ the unknown thing in the essay. (4)We should _ the policy of the Party.,【答案】 (1)stand by (2)stood out (3) stands for (4) stand up for,8. run out of 用完;耗尽 Take more money with you in case you run out of it. 多带点钱以防万一你用完了。 The time was about to run out and we started off at once. 时间即将用完了,于是我们立即出发了。,知识梳理 run out 用光 run across 偶然遇见(看到) run after 追求;追赶 run away 突然离开;逃离 run into sb. 偶然遇见某人 run into sth. 遭遇(恶劣天气、困难等) run sb. / sth. over 撞倒并碾轧某人/某物,发散思维 其他表示“用光；用完”的表达法： give out 用光 wear out 耗尽;磨破 use up 用光 点津提示 run out相当于give out和wear out,是不及物动词短语,不能够用于被动语态的句式中;而run out of 是及物动词短语,后面接宾语,相当于use up,可以用于被动语态的句式中。,探究练习 The money was _ and we had to stop our project for the time being. A. running out B. run out of C. given out D. given out of,【解析】 B 句意：钱用