高级综合英语一Uiit11.ppt

Unit 11 Kids and Computers: Digital Danger,Alison Sperry,Discussion Text interpretation Structural analysis Detailed study Writing Strategy Translation,The Eagle and chicken,跳绳,Playing sandbag,Rolling a hoop,滚铁环,摸瞎子,blind touch,“我们都是木头人，不许说话不许动，不许走路不许笑！”,木头人 Freeze,Patting paper,拍纸片,rubber band skipping,踢毽子,kicking shuttlecock,gamecock,Slingshot,走长凳,跳房子,Hopscotch,Jump goat,跳山羊,Clap at 7,Have you ever played these games?,Hide and Seek The Eagle and Chicks Tag and Chase Hopscotch Rubber Band Rope Jump Rope Jump / Skipping Shuttlecock Play marbles Crossword Puzzle Jigsaw Puzzle Monopoly Truth or dare,捉迷藏,老鹰捉小鸡,追逐、抓人游戏,跳房子,跳皮筋儿,跳绳,踢毽子,玩玻璃弹珠,字谜游戏（填字游戏）,拼图 （七巧板）,强手 （大富翁）,真心话大冒险,Text interpretation,This expository essay, developed mainly by contrast; contains vivid accounts, and impressive descriptions of both typically active and passive games that kids often play. As is suggested by the title, this essay mainly proves or illustrates the digital danger to which so many children are exposed. Are computer games fundamentally different from board games? Does talking on the phone develop the same skills as chatting online? Whats the difference between painting with watercolors and “coloring“ with a desktop paint box program? Alison Sperry, the writer of this essay explored these questions and came up with some disturbing answers.,Structural analysis,Part III (Para. 9-10),the first contrast: the first paragraph exemplifies the positive influence of active games on kids, while the second paragraph points out the enormous impact of passive games on children.,indirectly emphasizes the awful impact on children exerted by such depressingly familiar games as are described in the eighth paragraph.,concretely illustrate the positive influence of active games on kids and the negative impact of passive electronic games or activities. Through the three contrasts presented, the authors opinion on the issue becomes clear.,Part I (Para. 1-2),Part II (Para. 3-8),Global understanding,(1) What is the theme or main idea of this essay?,This essay is intended to present the following two arguments: firstly, through active games or activities, children develop skills and outlooks that determine the adults they will become; secondly, through passive games or activities, children become passive watchers or viewers, and furthermore, their outlooks will be enormously affected or contaminated. Fundamentally, the writer aims to call the readers attention to the danger or harm that children are subjected to by electronic games or “wired” entertainment.,(2) Which paragraphs describe or recount active games or activities? And which paragraphs provide vivid accounts of passive electronic activities?,Paragraphs one, three, five and seven describe and recount active games or activities. And paragraphs two, four, six and eight provide vivid accounts of passive electronic games or activities.,(3) Point out all the contrasts in the essay.,the contrast between Play-Doh and video games,the contrast between soccer games and chatting on the net.,the contrast between Monopoly and video games.,the contrast between influence of active games and impact of passive games,First Contrast,Positive influence of active games Develop skills and outlooks that determine the adults they will become,Impact of passive games Become passive watchers or viewers;be unimaginative,socially immature,and crudely desensitized to the world around them,Second Contrast,Play-Doh I am a creator.I can give my ideas tangible forms.,Video games I dont create.I let someone elses creativity happen in front of me.,The conclusion: the former is creative and the latter is not.,Third Contrast,Soccer games Learn a small lesson about getting along with others.,Chatting on the net I shouldnt have to work at relationships. They come and go instantly and at my convenience. If someone displeases me, I can make that person disappear.,Conclusion: The former helps develop kids social abilities while the latter renders the kids poor at handling interpersonal relationships.,Fourth Contrast,Monopoly They are learning that they can enjoy their own activities and still be sensitive to the larger world around them.,Video games The game player is likely to be violent and dangerous to people he regards as his enemies; he is apt to injure or even kill others,conclusion: While playing the former, the kids are still sensitive to the larger world around them. When playing the latter, they are simply confined to their own world.,(4)Which kind of games are most harmful to children according to the writer?,The writer indirectly emphasizes that most harmful to children are those games in which the players act the role of a psychotic killer, like Duke Nukem, with its “twenty-three levels of nonstop carnage!” and Bloody Roar, which offers the players “more ways to maim, crush, and devour your enemies than ever.”,Part 1:paras 1-2,the beginning part present the first contrast: the first paragraph exemplifies the positive influence of active games on kids, while the second paragraph points out the enormous impact of passive games on children.,(1) What is the main idea of the first paragraph?,The first paragraph exemplifies the statement that through play children develop the skills and outlooks that determine the adults they will become.,(2) What is the main idea of the second paragraph?,The second paragraph points out the enormous impacts of electronic entertainment on children. In other words, just as the writer concludes, “As amusing and ingenious as entertainment can be, children and society they live in are the losers when they rely on these forms of fun. Unlike traditional games and toys, “wired” entertainment encourages kids to be unimaginative, socially immature, and crudely desensitized to the world around them.”,LANGUAGE WORK 1,1. digital adj. processing, operating on, storing, transmitting, representing, or displaying data in the form of numerals from 0 through 9 She has a digital alarm-clock and two digital watches. There is a digital computer in the office.,2. Through play, children develop the skills and outlooks that determine the adults they will become. + By playing games . kids acquire the skills and form the views that will decide what kind of grown-ups they will be.,3. Playing house or school? Playing or acting the part of Mom or Dad or teacher ? Here the two words house and school are used as cases of metonymy.,4. Athletic activities help kids develop coordination, learn to work as part of a group, and gain confidence and a sense of fair play. + Competitive sports activities help children develop their ability to work in collaboration with others, build up their confidence and develop an awareness of playing the game in a fair and honest way.,coordination n. the skillful and balanced movements of different parts, especially parts of the body, at the same time Gym is a sport that calls for a considerable level of coordination on the part of the gymnasts. Your team lost the match for lack of coordination. fair play: conduct that adheres to rules or is just and equitable, esp. in sports As a referee, you must ensure that there is fair play in the game from beginning to end. By the way, the opposite of fair play is foul play. The footballer was given a red card because of serious foul play.,5. Even solitary activities like reading connect children with the wider world, encouraging a sense of empathy with the greater human family. Even activities done alone such as reading enable children to have connections with the outside world, inspiring them to develop the ability to identify themselves mentally with people in general.,empathy n. the ability to identify with and understand another persons feelings or difficulties As he grew up in an orphanage, he seems to have great empathy with homeless cats and dogs.,6. But in very recent years, other forms of entertainment have had an enormous impact on growing children. + Recently, however, other forms of amusement have had a tremendous effect on growing children.,impact n. a strong effect The new movie made a great impact on the viewers. He never dreamed of such an impact his experiment produced in the scientific world.,7. video games: games played by manipulating images produced by a computer program on a screen Some children play video games almost every day, which does much harm to their health. For some kids, video games occupy too much of their free time.,8. Entering adulthood now are the first Nintendo babies, a generation raised more on Virtual Boy and Mortal Kombat than baseball and Uncle Wiggly. + Becoming adults now are the first group of people who spent their childhood playing Nintendo, a generation of kids who have devoted more time to playing video games than playing baseball and reading stories of Uncle Wiggly.,Virtual Boy and Mortal Kombat: two video games Virtual Boy, Nintendos unique 3-D gaming system, was released in fall, 1995; Mortal Kombat is a series of Nintendos fighting games.,Uncle Wiggly: a kindly, elderly, rabbit gentleman in a series of popular childrens stories which were first written in 1910 by Howard R. Garris, who wrote a new adventure every day for 50 years,9. pundit n. sb. who is an authority on a subject The boy always assumes the air of a sports pundit. That film was rated as the best one of the year by a panel of well-known television pundits.,10. As amusing and ingenious as electronic entertainment can be, children -and society they live in- are the losers when they rely on these forms of fun. + Though games, shows, etc. provided by electronic devices such as computers and video machines can be enjoyable and original, children and society they live in are the victims if they indulge in these forms of amusement solely.,11. Unlike traditional games and toys, “wired“ entertainment encourages kids to be unimaginative, socially immature, and crudely desensitized to the world around them. + Different from traditional games and toys, entertainment provided by electronic devices, which is passive by nature, makes children become dull and unoriginal. As a result of spending too much time on such entertainment, children lack emotional development in social communication and may become crudely insensitive to the people around them.,desensitize vt. reduce or destroy the sensitiveness of; (fig.) make sb. unable to care about how other people feel This area of skin has been desensitized. Children become desensitized when exposed to violence on TV.,Language work 2,morph v. to transform from one graphic image on screen into another or others, through the use of sophisticated computer software e.g.: (1) With a click of the mouse, the boy morphed Mickey Mouse into Winnie the Pooh,Next she smashes the pot back into a ball, which may next morph into a snowman, a horses head, a bunny, a sea serpent, or a skyscraper. Next she hits the pot very hard and changes it back into a ball, which may next be transformed into a snowman, a horses head, a bunny, a sea serpent, or a skyscraper.,When she tires of it, she can wad it back into a shapeless mass that awaits her next creative impulse. When she loses interest in it, she can turn it back into a formless mass, which will be changed into something else when her next whim to play with it occurs.,wad vt. to compress sth. into a small mass e.g.: The passenger wadded up the punched ticket and threw it away. spark . to give out or produce sparks; stimulate or incite sth. e.g.: (1) Fireflies were sparking in the gathering darkness. (2) His comment sparked off a quarrel between them. (3) Fear of nuclear war sparked angry demonstrations.,modeling clay: clay used for making models bake . to cook food by dry heat in an oven or on a hot surface, without direct exposure to a flame; undergo the process of being baked; harden clay, etc. by heat e.g.: (1) She bakes some apple pies in the genuine American style for her Chinese friends. Cookies bake quickly.,papier-mache n. paper pulp used for molding into boxes, trays, etc. e.g. (1) The word papier-mache is a word of French origin. tangible adj. able to be touched; able to be realized e.g. : (1) The beauty in the mirror is not tangible. (2) Apart from free accommodation, other tangible benefits include a raise in salary and shorter working hours.,I can give my ideas tangible form. : I can give my ideas a definite form. I can turn my ideas into definite things.,A video game, on the other hand, is cynically programmed to give the illusion of creativity. A video game, on the other hand, is designed sarcastically to give its players the false impression that they are being creative (because they at least can make choices of their own),at every turn: everywhere or all the time or every time E.g. : (1) She found her plan frustrated at every turn. (2) The girl keeps meeting the boy at every turn. joystick n. control-lever on an aircraft, computer, etc.,peck . (try to) strike sth. with the beak; get or make sth. by striking with the beak e.g. : (1) Hens feed by pecking. (2) The bird is pecking at the window. (3) The sparrows are pecking grains. (4) He is said to be a henpecked husband.,hypnotic adj. of or producing hypnosis or a similar condition; (of a drug) producing sleep e.g.: (1) The patient is in a hypnotic trance. (2) He cannot sleep well, but he never takes any hypnotic drug. unfold . (cause sth. to) open or spread out from a folded state; (jig) (cause sth. to) be revealed or made known e.g.: (1) The garden chair can unfold to make a camp bed. (2) The eagle unfolded its wings. (3) The landscape unfolded before us.,Her momentary fun is unsatisfying because it leads not to any genuine sense of achievement but only to the hypnotic experience of watching someone elses creation unfold. Her fun that lasts only for a brief moment is not satisfying at all because it does not spark any real awareness of achievement but merely the taste of mindlessly watching someone elses created work or game spread out in front of her.,sterile adj. unproductive, producing no useful results; free from germs, bacteria, etc. E.g.: (1) They had a sterile discussion. (2) An operating theatre should be completely sterile.,Hand a ball of Play-Doh to a child reared on the sterile adventure of video games, and youre apt to get a blank look and the hesitant question, “What do I do with it?“ If you hand a ball of Play-Doh to a child who spends too much time on exciting but unproductive video games, you are likely to see an expressionless look on his face and to be asked, in an uncertain manner, “What do I do with it?“,the foul line: the line that shows us whether an action is against the rules or not; the line that indicates whether a stroke,kick, etc. is valid or not e.g. : (1) We thought that we made a touchdown, but the referee said that the ball went over the foul line.,flare v. to become suddenly angry e.g.: At the meeting, tempers flared and harsh words were exchanged. Voices are raised; tempers flare. Voices grow louder and louder and the kids fly into a fit of anger.,hothead n. an impetuous person, a person who often acts hastily or rashly e.g.:He is such a hothead that nobody wants to cooperate with him. stalk vi. walk with slow stiff strides, esp. in a proud, self-important or threatening way e.g.: (1) He stalked angrily out of the room. (2) The young man is stalking along the road.,flip a coin: toss it with a sharp movement of the thumb and the forefinger so that it turns over repeatedly in the air; flick it with a quick movement so that it spins in the air e.g. : He flipped a coin and then grasped it in his hand, asking the boy which side was up, the head or the tail.,give-and-take n. willingness to be mutually tolerant, cooperative, and forgiving within a relationship e.g.: (1) If the dispute is to be resolved, there must be some give-and-take. (2) Husband and wife must know that give-and-take is part of life.,hunch v. bend forward (part of the body, esp. the back and shoulders) into a rounded shape; bend or arch into a hump; thrust out or up to form a hump e.g.: (1) Stand up straight; dont hunch your shoulders! (2) She sat all hunched up over the small fire. (3) The marchers hunched themselves against the biting wind.,Her fingers fly across the keyboard as she races from one dialogue box to another, keeping up multiple conversations. Her fingers move swiftly across the keyboard as she switches quickly from one chat box to another, managing to talk with several net pals at the same time.,vulnerability n. the state of being open to emotional or physical danger or harm E.g. (1) Maybe his haughtiness is a cover for a psychological vulnerability,These are peculiar conversations, however, including none of the vulnerability that is part of real-world friendship. But these are unusual dialogues because the participants are free from the possibility of being hurt or wounded emotionally, which is a common occurrence between friends in real-life situations.,insulting zingers: wisecracks that insult people; clever sayings or remarks that are intended to hurt sbs feelings or dignity caustic put-downs: sarcastic or biting rebuffs or humiliating criticisms,flame v. to bum with a bright flame; computer deluge sb. with offensive or disparaging .;- The burning coals started to flame yellow and orange. The wooded hillsides flame red in autumn. She was accused of flaming the innocent old man with forged scandals.,at ones convenience: when and where it suits one e.g.: (1) With a caravan, you can stop at your convenience; you are not dependent on hotels. (2) These students go to help an old woman do house chores at her convenience.,When company arrives at the house, its no problem to halt the game briefly. When guests or visitors show up at the house, they can easily stop the game temporarily.,persist vi. continue to do sth., esp. in an obstinate and determined way and in spite