英译汉的长句翻译拆分译法.ppt

Knowing About Translation,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,英译汉的长句翻译（3）拆分译法,英语长句往往由主从复合句构成，结构严谨，翻译时可按照汉语多用短句的习惯，把长句的从句或短语分解为若干分句，再逐句翻译，这称为拆分译法。拆分主要有以下方法：,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,1将英语原句中的并列复合句拆分,翻译：另外一点也很清楚，在多数情况下，什么是对的，什么是不对的，这些中国人都有一致的看法。在和本杰明及其他西方小孩的随意交往中，他们都展现了自己的共同看法。,1) It was equally clear that the Chinese agree on what is right or wrong in most situations; in casual encounters with Benjamin and other Western children, they were simply exhibiting their shared beliefs.,分析：把英语原句中用分号连接的两个并列从句，拆分成两个独立的句子，并将每个句子中的不同成分，也按照意思和逻辑关系分成一个个短句，这样使译文的句子不会太长，而且层次分明，意思清晰。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,2) Some people may worry that this is suggesting one sex is better than the other, but a moments reflection should allay this fear.,分析：英语原句是由转折连词but连接的并列句，在译成汉语时，将两个并列句译成了两个独立的句子。,翻译：一些人也许会担心：这意味着一种性别比另一种性别更优越。但稍稍思考一下，就清楚对此不必过分担忧。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,3) Now it might be thought that Benjamins appearancehe is Chinese, and we adopted him in Taiwanencouraged this intervention; but similar intrusive interventions are reported by Westerners whose children do not look the least bit Chinese.,翻译：可能会有人认为本杰明的外貌容易让人这样做，因为他是中国人，是我们在台湾收养的。但是其他西方人也报道过类似的干预，他们的孩子可是一点儿都不像中国人。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,2定语从句的拆分,2.1 在关系代词处拆分,分析：英语原句中第一部分是主句，第二部分是关系代词which引导的定语从句，翻译时把主句和从句在关系代词处作了拆分。,1) Then we begin to read novels, which are stories about people like ourselves, who have to meet either difficulties which are known to all of us or an exceptional set of circumstances calling for the exercise of great courage and skill.,翻译：然后我们开始阅读小说。这些小说的主人公都像我们一样，他们不得不遇到我们熟知的困难，或需要坚强勇气及熟练技巧才能度过的特殊环境。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,2) Even top corporate managers, who have mostly affected styles of leadership that can be characterized only as tough, cold and aloof, have begun to learn the lesson, and earn the benefits, of writing notes that lift people up.,分析：从译文中可以看出，由who引导的定语从句被翻译成独立的句子，并放在由主句译成的另一个独立的句子前面。,翻译：那些通常做作的公司高层经理们，其领导作风可以被形容为强硬、冷漠、脱离群众。甚至这些人也开始学习写便笺去鼓舞人心，且获益匪浅。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,1) “She doesnt like boys, and just listens to the girls,” said a boy in another class, where his sex got 63 per cent of the teachers attention.,2.2 在关系副词或介词加关系代词处拆分,分析：英语原句中第一部分是主句，第二部分是关系副词where引导的定语从句，翻译时把主句和从句在关系副词处作了拆分。,翻译： “她不喜欢男生，她只听女生发言，”另一个班上的一位男生说。而在他的班上，男生占据了老师63%的注意力。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,2) It was the moment I ceased being a child, when I began to have an adults awareness of the pain and tragedy in life.,分析：此句第一部分是主句，第二部分是关系副词when引导的定语从句，翻译时在此处切断，译成两个独立的句子。,翻译：在那一刻，我不再是个孩子了。那时，我开始用成人的眼光来看待生活中存在的痛苦与悲伤。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,3) Chinese “cross-talk” is a special type of slap-stick in which two Chinese comedians humorously discuss topics such as bureaucrats, family problems, or other personal topics.,分析：把英语原句中“in which”引导的定语从句拆开，译成一个独立的句子，使译文结构清晰，意思明确，句子又不会太长。,翻译：中国的相声是一种特殊的滑稽剧。相声中两名中国喜剧演员幽默地谈论诸如官僚主义者、家庭问题或其他一些有关个人的话题。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,Then they went to the southern part of the island, but found it rocky and covered with bushes, growing so thickly that it was not easy to push ones way through.,3在非谓语动词处拆分,分析：此句的非谓语动词短语“growing so thickly that it was not easy to push ones way through”作为定语修饰bushes，在翻译时把此处与主句作了拆分，而且这一短语本身也分译成汉语的两个短句。,翻译：接着他们到岛的南部，只见遍地岩石与灌木丛。灌木丛长得相当浓密，要穿过去实在不容易。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,4含有多个从句的长句拆分,有时一个句子中含有几个不同的从句。在翻译此类包含多个从句的长句时，首先要把握句子的中心意思，分清从句之间的关系，然后根据汉语的行文习惯，适当断句，使之成为通顺可读的汉语句子。例如：,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,1) Another dimension of sex-biased education is the typical American teachers assumption that boys will do better in the “hard”, “masculine” subjects of math and science while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills.,分析：英语原句中，有一个由that引导的同位语从句，该从句中又有一个由while引导表示对比的并列句，将对女孩和男孩的不同看法进行对比。翻译时根据汉语表达的习惯将主句和从句，并列复合句之间进行了拆分。,翻译：美国教师中一个具有代表性的想法是，男孩擅长数学和自然科学，这些学科都是“难懂的”、“适合于男性的”，而女孩则在语言和阅读技能上比男孩强。这是教育中性别偏见的另一种表现。,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,2) The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterdays election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.,翻译：在一次记者招待会上，问题集中于昨天的选举结果，总统就此发了言。他说他不能解释为什么共和党遭到了这样的大败，它最终会使共和党失去在众议院中长期享有的优势。,分析：英语原句包含一个由that引导的宾语从句，该宾语从句又包含一个由why引导的宾语从句。why引导的宾语从句中，又包含一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句，补充说明“such a widespread defeat”。在汉译时，把主句和后面的宾语从句作了拆分，从而使该长句分译成了两个独立的中文句子。,Translation Practice,Part Four: Writing and Translation Translation,Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese using the techniques mentioned above.,The classroom is a mans world, where boys get two-thirds of the teachers attention even when they are in a minority. They,are allowed to tease the girls and they receive praise for sloppy work that would not be tolerated from girls. Boys are accustomed to being teachers pets, and, if girls get anything li