2019年高中英语Unit2TheUnitedKingdomSectionⅠWarmingUp.docx

Unit 2 The United KingdomWhen people say England, they sometimes mean Great Britain, sometimes the United Kingdom, sometimes the British Isles but never England.Why is England or the UK sometimes called Britain? “England” is sometimes, wrongly, used in reference to the whole United Kingdom, the entire island of Great Britain (or simply Britain), or indeed the British Isles. This is not only incorrect but can cause offence (冒犯) to people from other parts of the UK.England, Scotland, Wales, Great Britain refer to different parts of the UK. The British Isles includes many islands not even part of the UK.The diverse (多种多样的) history of England, Scotland and Wales has led to very different cultural traditions. The Scots and Welsh have right to feel aggrieved (受侵害的) whenever the term “England” is used wrongly to mean all three.The name United Kingdom refers to the union of what were once four separate countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland (though most of Ireland is now independent)The UKs full and official name is “the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”Section Warming Up & Reading PrereadingPUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHYPeople may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales， Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and later the name was changed to “Great Britain”. Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.puzzle n谜；难题Wales weIlz 威尔士(英)Scotland sktlnd 苏格兰(英)Northern Ireland aIlnd 北爱尔兰(英)clarify klrIfaI vt.澄清；阐明link A to B把A与B连接、联合起来，此处为被动语态。refer to提及；涉及find Wales included为“find宾语宾补”结构，过去分词included充当宾补。as well也；还；而且join A to B把A与B连接、联合起来，此处为被动语态。accomplish kmplI vt.实现；完成；达到conflict knflIkt n矛盾；冲突in the early twentieth century在20世纪初by getting .为方式状语，其中getting Ireland connected为“get宾语宾补”结构，过去分词connected作宾补。unwilling nwIlI adj.不愿意(的)；不乐意(的)be unwilling to do sth.不愿意做某事break away (from)挣脱(束缚)；脱离动词不定式短语to become .作结果状语。the Union Jack英国国旗地理学的困惑第12段译文对于用不同词汇来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家，人们或许感到很奇怪。如果你学习英国历史，你就可以弄清楚这个问题。首先是英格兰。威尔士在公元13世纪时与英格兰是一体的。如今只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士也是被包括在内的。接着英格兰和威尔士在17世纪同苏格兰合并，后来更名为“大不列颠”。令人庆幸的是，当苏格兰的詹姆斯国王也成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时并未经过战争。最后在20世纪初，英国政府试图以同样的和平方式把爱尔兰联合起来以形成联合王国。然而，爱尔兰的南部不愿意(组建联合王国)，它分离出去并建立了自己的政府。因此，只有北爱尔兰同英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰联合起来组成了联合王国，从向世界展示的新的英国国旗上就可以看出来。To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup！credit kredIt n信任；学分；赞扬；信贷to ones credit为带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在名下do work together中do表示强调，意为“确实；的确”。currency krnsI n货币；通货institution InstItjun n制度；机制；公共机构educational edjkeInl adj.教育的legal adj.法律的；合法的第3段译文值得赞扬的是，虽然这四个国家的确在某些领域共同合作(比如， 在货币和国际关系上)，但它们在制度上仍存在着很大的区别。例如，北爱尔兰、英格兰和苏格兰有不同的教育及司法体系，它们也有各自的足球队去参加像世界杯这样的比赛！England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south， but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide， these cities are not as large as those in China, they have worldfamous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.convenience knvinIns n便利；方便for convenience为了方便起见roughly rflI adv.粗略地( about)；粗糙地Midlands mIdlndz 英格兰中部地区(英)nearest to .靠最近的，用作后置定语，修饰the one。be known as作为而为人所知find .为“find宾语宾补”结构，过去分词短语settled in the south作宾补。nationwide neInwaId adj.全国性的；全国范围的 adv.在全国范围内；就全国而论not as large as ( not so large as)不如那么大attract trkt vt.吸引；引起注意在句子It is a pity that .中，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。在从句中，过去分词短语built in the nineteenth century作后置定语，修饰the industrial cities。historical hIstrIkl adj.历史(上)的；有关历史的architecture kItekt n建筑学；建筑艺术过去分词短语built .作后置定语，修饰towns。第4段译文在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为方便起见，它大致可以划分为三个地区。最靠近法国的是英格兰南部，中部地区被称为英格兰中部，最靠近苏格兰的称为英格兰北部。你可以看到大多数人口定居在南部，但多数的大型工业城市在英格兰的中部和北部地区。虽然全国范围内，这些城市都不如中国的城市那样大，但是它们都有着世界闻名的足球队，有的城市甚至还有两个！可惜的是这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。想游览古代建筑你得去那些最初由罗马人建造的更古老但是更小的城镇。在那儿你会了解更多的关于英国历史和文化的东西。The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections， theatres, parks and buildings.It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the AngloSaxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There have been four sets of invaders of England.The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the AngloSaxons， left their language and their government.The third, the Vikings， influenced the vocabulary and placenames of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders.You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.collection klekn n收藏品；珍藏；收集administration dmInIstreIn n管理；行政部门port pt n港口(城市)AngloSaxon lsksn n盎格鲁撒克逊人 adj.盎格鲁撒克逊人的construct vt.建筑；建造Norman nmn n诺曼人；诺曼语 adj.诺曼的；诺曼人(语)的在句子It has . in 1066.中，the oldest port ., the oldest building .和the oldest castle .为并列宾语，后面的过去分词短语作定语，分别修饰前面的名词。the AngloSaxons为the second的同位语。Viking vaIkI n北欧海盗；斯堪的纳维亚人influence v影响countryside kntrIsaIdn.乡下；农村enjoyable IndIbl adj.令人愉快的；使人高兴的第56段译文最具历史意义的宝地是伦敦，它拥有博物馆、艺术珍品、剧院、公园以及各种建筑物。它是全国的政治和行政中心。它有公元1世纪由罗马人建造的最古老的港口，有由盎格鲁撒克逊人始建于11世纪60年代的最古老的建筑，还有公元1066年由后来的诺曼人统治者建造的最古老的城堡。曾经有四批侵略者到过英国。第一批入侵者是罗马人，他们留下了他们的城镇和道路。接着是盎格鲁撒克逊人，他们留下了他们的语言和政体。第三批是斯堪的纳维亚人，他们对词汇以及北部的地名产生了一定的影响。第四批是诺曼人，他们留下了城堡，并引入了新的表示食物名称的词语。如果你到英国的乡村看看，你会发现所有这些入侵者留下的证据。要使你的英国之行愉快且值得，你就必须留心观察。PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1clarify Ahaving a surface that is not flat or regular2credit Bnot wanting to do sth.and refusing to do it3unite Cto succeed in doing or completing sth.4accomplish Da situation in which people, groups or countries are involved in a serious disagreement or argument5rough Eto make sth.clearer or easier to understand6nationwide Fto join together with other people in order to do sth. as a group7conflict Gpraise or approval because you are responsible for sth. good that has happened8unwilling Hhappening or existing in all parts of a particular country9attract Ithe quality of being useful, easy or suitable for sb.10convenience Jto make erested in, like or admire sth. or sb.15_610_答案：15EGFCA610HDBJILeadinMatch the pictures with the proper introductions.1_C_ The queen the head of state, but in name only. The most powerful one is the Prime Minister, who controls everything in the UK. 2_D_ The longest river the River Thames.3_B_ Its capital London, where the Olympic Games was held three times.4_A_ The map the United Kingdom actually includes four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.WhilereadingFastreadingSkim the text and choose the best answers.1What is mainly discussed in this passage?AThe history of the United Kingdom.BThe geography of the United Kingdom.CThe people of the United Kingdom.DThe politics of the United Kingdom.答案：A2Find the main idea of each paragraph.Para.1AExplains the differences in the four countries.Para.2 BExplains how the UK came into being.Para.3 CExplains how England is divided into three zones.Para.4 DIntroduces the topic to the readers.Paras.5&6 EExplains the importance of London as a cultural and political centre in the UK.Para.1 _Para.2 _Para.3 _Para.4 _Paras.5&6 _答案：Para.1DPara.2BPara.3A Para.4CParas.5&6E CarefulreadingRead the text and choose the best answers.1When were England and Wales linked to Scotland?AIn the 13th century AD.BWhen Great Britain was formed.CWhen the southern Ireland formed its own government.DWhen King James became King of England and Wales.2Where do you have to go if you want to find more about British history and culture?AIndustrial cities.BOlder but smaller towns first built by the Romans.CThe Midlands of England.DThe North of England.3Which invaders influenced Londons language most?AAngloSaxons.BRomans.CNormans. DVikings.4From the passage, we know that _.Aall the four countries share the same educational systemsBthe Romans came to England before the AngloSaxonsCit was easy for Northern Ireland to join England, Scotland and WalesDmost of the industries are in the South of England5How many countries does the UK consist of?ATwo. BThree.CFour. DFive.答案：15DBABCStudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1 Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way.2 句式分析这是一个简单句。在搭配try to中间插入时间状语in the early twentieth century；介词短语by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way在句中作方式状语；其中getting后接复合宾语，过去分词connected作Ireland的宾语补足语。尝试翻译最后在20世纪初，英国政府试图以同样的和平方式把爱尔兰联合起来以形成联合王国。2So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.句式分析第二个and连接两个并列分句。第一分句中to become the United Kingdom是结果状语，表示北爱尔兰加入之后的结果。第二分句中过去分词短语called the Union Jack作后置定语，修饰a new flag。尝试翻译因此，只有北爱尔兰同英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰联合起来组成了联合王国，这从向世界展示的新的英国国旗上就可以看出来。3It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the AngloSaxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066.句式分析这是一个较为复杂的简单句。动词has后接三个宾语：the oldest port；the oldest building；the oldest castle；每个宾语都含有一个过去分词短语作后置定语。尝试翻译它有公元1世纪由罗马人建造的最古老的港口，有由盎格鲁撒克逊人始建于11世纪60年代的最古老的建筑，还有公元1066年由后来的诺曼人统治者建造的最古老的城堡。4You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.句式分析尝试翻译要使你的英国之行愉快且值得，你就必须留心观察。.阅读理解AThere are over 60 zoos in England. We have collected hundreds of reviews, checked the zoo websites, researched several zoorelated resources and visited many of them by ourselves to give you this selection: 10 best zoos in England.Chester ZooAmong top 15 zoos in the world, it is one of the mostvisited and largest zoos in England.Whipsnade ZooWith more than 2,500 animals, it is one of the few UK zoos with elephants.Marwell WildlifeFull of African and Australian animals, there is surely a lot to see within very large grounds.Howletts Wild Animal ParkIt was set up as a private zoo at first and opened to the public later. The place looks very natural and you can get very close to the animals there.Port Lympne Wild Animal ParkWith Britains largest number of African elephants, it offers truly African experiences.Colchester ZooWith 270species, it is very childfriendly and offers lots of handson activities.Twycross ZooIt holds what is supposed to be the worlds largest collection of apes (猿). There are also rare leopard species.Bristol Zoo GardensThis is a 175yearold zoo with rare animals like fruit bats (果蝠)Paignton ZooAs home to a collection of around 2,000 animals and 1,600 plant species, it is one of the first places in England combining zoological and botanical (植物的) gardens.London ZooAs one of the ldest zoos in the world, it is well worth a visit.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章向我们介绍了英国最好的10家动物园。1Marwell Wildlife would attract those who want to _.Aknow more about elephantsBvisit the oldest zoo in EnglandCsee some rare animal speciesDwatch African and Australian animals解析：选D推理判断题。根据Marwell Wildlife中介绍的“Full of African and Australian animals”可知，这家动物园有很多来自非洲和澳大利亚的动物，故答案选D。2Among the 10 zoos, the best one for children is _.AHowletts Wild Animal ParkBColchester ZooCTwycross ZooDLondon Zoo解析：选B细节理解题。根据Colchester Zoo中介绍的“it is very childfriendly and offers lots of handson activities”可知，这家动物园最适合孩子，故答案选B。3What is the feature of Paignton Zoo?AIt has both animal and plant species.BIt has the largest number of animals.CTourists can get close to the animals there.DIt holds the worlds largest collection of plant species.解析：选A细节理解题。根据Paignton Zoo的简介可知这家动物园除了动物还有1 600多种植物，并且是英国首家动植物园之一，故答案选A。4The passage is meant to _.Acompare 10 zoosBattract kids to zoosCintroduce 10 popular zoosDshow the history of 10 zoos解析：选C目的意图题。根据文章首段内容可知，本文主要介绍了英国最好的10家动物园，故答案选C。BLondoners are great readers. They buy large numbers of newspapers, magazines and books especially paperbacks (平装书), which are still cheap in spite of everincreasing rises in the costs of printing. They still continue to buy “proper” books, too, printed on good paper.There are many streets in London containing shops which specialize in bookselling. Perhaps the best known of these is Charing Cross Road in the very heart of London. Here bookshops of all sorts and sizes are to be found, from the celebrated one which is said to be “the biggest bookshop in the world” to the tiny, dusty little places which seem to have been left over from Dickens time. Some of these shops stock, or will make efforts to get, any kind of book, but many of them specialize in secondhand books, in art books, in foreign books, in books on economics, politics or any other subjects about which books may be written. One shop in this area specializes only in books about ballet.Although it may be the most convenient place for Londoners to buy books, Charing Cross Road is not the cheapest. For really cheap secondhand books, collectors must venture_off_the_beaten_track,_to Farringdon Road, in the East Central district of London. Here there is nothing so impressive as bookshops. The booksellers come along each morning and put lots of books onto small handcarts (手推车) which line the streets. The collectors, some professionals and some amateurs (业余爱好者), who have been waiting for them, run quickly towards the books. In places like this one can still, occasionally, pick up for a few pence an old book that may be worth many pounds.语篇解读：伦敦人酷爱读书。本文介绍了在伦敦能买书的一些地方。5“Londoners are great readers” means that _.ALondoners are great because they read a lotBthere are a great number of readers in LondonCLondoners are readers who read only great booksDLondoners read a lot解析：选D句意理解题。根据文章大意及第一段中的“They buy large numbers of newspapers, magazines and books”可以推断出伦敦人喜欢阅读。故D项正确。6According to this passage, Charing Cross Road _.Ais in the suburbs of LondonBis famous for its bookshopsCcontains various kinds of shopsDis the busiest street in London解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段中的一、二句“There are many streets in . in the very heart of London.”可知B项正确。7In this passage, what does the underlined part “venture off the beaten track” mean?ABuy books in a most busy street.BMove away from a busy street.CWaste time looking for books.DTake a risk of losing ones life.解析：选B词义猜测题。由下文语境可知，在伦敦东部沿街有很多书商把书放在手推车上卖，在那儿花几便士就能买到价值很多英镑的书。也就是说要想买便宜的二手书，需要从繁忙的街道到僻静的地方，故B项正确。8The best topic for this passage is “_”Abookshops in LondonBthe biggest bookshop in the worldCCharing Cross RoadDbuying books in London解析：选A主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述的是伦敦的书店，从出名的书店到街边小推车，故A项正确。CIn Britain, many theatres put on shows for children at Christmas and many theatres have a theatreineducation team working there. This team, made up of actors and teachers, writes plays for children, usually performing them in schools. They do different plays for different age groups and the children often take part in the play in some way.Pantomime is a special kind of Christmas show for children. It is loved by people and also allows the audience (观众) to join in.“Pantomime” was the name of the Roman actor who performed shows without speaking this is where the English word “mime” comes from. A pantomime is always based on a wellknown childrens story. But there are always certain types of characters in the show and certain situations and events. For example, a pantomime must always include a hero, known as the “principal boy” and this principal boy is always played by a pretty girl wearing a short costume (服装). Th