高中英语句子成分分析.ppt

句 子 成 分 Members of a Sentence,句子成分,定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：宾语、定语、状语、补 语、表语、同位语,1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday., 主语, 谓 语, 定语, 宾 语, 状 语,主语（subject） 说明的人或事物,Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.,The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. （数词） Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （从句） It is very clear that the sun rises in the east. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,找出句中主语,谓语（predictate） 说明主语的动作、状态和特征,简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. He has caught a bad cold. She doesnt seem to like dancing,（三）宾语（Object）,表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于动词和介词后面。例如： 1.He is doing his homework. 2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.,（名词）,（代词）,（名词、数词）,4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 5.He pretended not to see me. 6.I enjoy listening to popular music. 7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.,（名词化形容词，名词）,（不定式短语）,（动名词短语）,（宾语从句）,直接宾语和间接宾语 有些及物动词后面要跟2个宾语,分为直接宾语和间接宾语; 直接宾语多为物,间接宾语多为人，表明动作是对谁做的。,We brought them some food. 主 谓 间宾 直宾,He showed me how to run the machine. 主 谓 间宾 直宾,若先说直接宾语(物),后说间接宾语(人),必须 借助介词 to 或 for： We bought some food for them. He showed how to run the machine to us.,宾语补足语 - 有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思, 还必须在宾语后 加上宾语补足语, 句意才完整。宾补补充说明宾语干什么, 或处于何种状态。 名词, 形容词, 副词, 介词短语, 不定式, 现在分词和过去分词 可充当宾补。,形容词 Leave the door open. 副词 We found John out when we arrived. 介词短语 Make yourself at home. 省略to的不定式 I saw him enter the hall. 现在分词 The boss keeps them working all day. 过去分词 I heard my name called.,（四）定语 修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句,He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you known bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good.,(形容词),(名词),(数词),(名词的所有格),(动名词),(现在分词),(过去分词),The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now? There is nothing interesting in this book.,（五）状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子， 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分 说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。,I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train.,John often came to chat with me As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday. She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ago. Though he is young, he knows a lot. He came running.,(程度 目的),（地点 伴随）,（地点 时间）,（让步）,（方式）,(原因),I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died,leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school.,（六）宾语补足语 有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外， 还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态 以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。 这类常用的及物动词有 make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.,I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them.,She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret.,主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变 成主补.,I last saw him playing near the river.,He was last seen playing near the river.,The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam,The student was caught cheating in the exam,We made him monitor.,He was made monitor.,He pushed the door open.,The door was pushed open.,（七）表语,系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征 常见的系动词有: be(am,is,are,were,was),appear, look,seem, feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn, become, get,grow,come,go etc. 系动词不用于被动语态. The apple tastes sweet.,The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. Im not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need.,（八）同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况,We young people should respect the old.名词 He himself will do the experiment.代词 He is the oldest among them four.数词 He told me the news that our team won the game.从句 He told me the news that I am interested in.从句,Exercises:分析句子结构,You are a student. He felt happy today. What you said made me happy. Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well? After he finished his homework, he went away. He likes pop music.,(一) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.,(二) 挑出下列句中的表语 - The old man was feeling very tired. - The leaves have turned yellow. - Soon They all became interested in the subject.,(三) 挑出下列句中的定语 1. What is your given name? 2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. 3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!,(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.,(五) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast., With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.,一、主语 主语可以用下面这些东西表示： 1. The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2. He likes dancing. （ ） 3. Two will be enough.( ) 4. Seeing is believing. （ ） 6. To see is to believe. （ ） 7. When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet. ( ) 8. What he needs is a book. （ ） 9. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （ ）,名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,疑问词+不定式,从句,It作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语,当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。,什么情况下用it作形式主语？,你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下列句子吗？ 1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( ) 2) It is no use arguing about it. ( ) 3) It is uncertain who will come. ( ),说谎是错误的。,争吵是没用的。,谁要来还不确定。,二、宾语 宾语可以用下面这些东西表示： 1.She lived a happy life.( ) 2.I love you.( ) 3.We need two.( ) 4.Do you mind my opening the door?( ) 5.He began to learn English a year ago.( ) 6.He did not know what to say.( ) 7.Did you write down what she said? ( ) 8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them. ( ),名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,疑问词+不定式,从句,It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语,二、表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示： He is a teacher. ( ) My idea is this.( ) She was the first to arrive.( ) I feel much better today./I must be off now. ( ) He is out of danger.( ) The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( ) What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.( ),名词,代词,数词,从句,形容词/副词,介词短语,分词,三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示： Its a red car.( ) They live in the room above.( ) My brother is a teacher.( ) We belong to the third world.( ) Lucys father is a poor worker.( ) Mother made a birthday cake for me.( ) The man under the tree is my teacher.( ) The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother. ( ),形容词,副词,代词,数词,名词所有格,名词,介词短语,现在分词,三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示： I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at home.( ) There are two things to be discussed today.（ ） Will you tell us about your teaching plan?