专业英语-土建类.ppt

,Unit Two,Building Design,建筑设计,Leading in,Dialogue,Text,Exercises,Guided writing,Teaching Steps,Lead-in Pictures to the Dialogue,Single-family homes in the seventies last century,Single-family homes in the seventies last century,Multi-store multiple apartment building,Many families prefer to live far from the centre of the metropolitan area,Dialogue,A: Dwellers have different demands in different times. Designers must take it into account. B: Yes, thats true. In the seventies last century, a majority of families preferred single-family homes. The building in which they lived were only 3-5 storeys high. But since the nineties, many multi-storey multiple apartment building have been rising all over China. A: Whats the reason for it? B: It is because the city land is too expensive to be used for small housing units. The same plot of ground that would hold only a few single-family units houses many families, which is more considerate indeed.,A: Many dwellers think it in convenient to live in houses of more storeys, where lifewould be dull. How do you handle it? B: Quite a few apartment houses offer city dwellers large balconies, where they can grow plants or eat outdoors. What is more, there are several elevators working together. Apartment houses also provide garage space, a park and a playground.,A: Now many families prefer to live as far out as possible from the center of a metropolitan area. Is it because of the air pollution? B: Yes, and another aspect is that they want to get away from noise, crowding and confusion. As time goes on, more and more citizens drive their cars to work. The accessibility of public trans- portation has ceased to be a decisive factor in housing.,Key Words and Phrases dwell v dwell in, at, etc live as an inhabitant of or reside at (a place) dweller n (esp in compound ns) person or animal living in the place specified eg. town-dweller flat-dweller cave-dweller dwelling n place of residence ; house, flat, etc my humble dwelling,whats more: eg. He is a tractor driver and, what is more, a good sportsman. because of: prep by reason of ; on account of eg. They are here because of us. He walked slowly because of his bad leg. Because of his wifes being there, I said nothing about it.,Questions to the Dialogue,1. Whats the reason that so many multi- storey multiple apartment buildings have been rising all over China? 2. How to solve the boring life in houses of more storeys? 3. Whats the reason that many families prefer to live far from the center of a city.,Say something about the house in which you used to live and the house in which you are living now. Which do you prefer? Why?,Group Work,Lead-in Pictures to the Text,layout of the rooms,layout of the rooms,“day” rooms,“night”rooms,services,These areas must be communicated one another easily.,dining-room, sitting-room, and kitchen,bedroom,Kitchen, bathroom, larder and water-closets,The kitchen and larder connect the “services” with the “day” rooms.,General layout of industrial buildings,A bridge design,Text,Before any building project can be undertaken, many decisions must be made. The design program must be resolved. The site must be chosen and economic feasibility determined. Finally, a complete design for the building must be made. An important point in building design is the layout of the rooms, which should provide the greatest possible convenience according to the purpose for which they are planned. In a dwelling house, the layout may be considered under three categories: “day”, “ night” and “services”. These areas must be communicated one another easily.,The “day” rooms usually include a dining-room, sitting-room, and kitchen, but other rooms, such as a study, may be added, and there may be a hall. The living-room, which is usually the largest, often serves as a dining-room, too, or the kitchen may have a dinning alcove. The “night” rooms consist of the bedrooms. The “services” consist of the kitchen, bathrooms, larder and water-closets. The kitchen and larder connect the services with the “day” rooms. It is also important to consider the question of outlook from the various rooms. And those most in use should face south as much as possible. It is, however,often very difficult to meet the needs of both the surroundings and the location of the roads. In solving these complicated problems, it is also necessary to follow the local town planning rules which are concerned with public comfort, density of population, height of buildings, proportion of green space to dwellings, building lines, the general appearance of new properties in relation to the neighborhood and so on. There is little standardization in industrial buildings, although such buildings still need to comply with local town-planning rules. The modern trend is,towards light, airy factory buildings with the offices, reception rooms, telephone exchange, etc. housed in one low building overlooking the access road, the workshops, also light and airy, not being easily seen by public. Generally speaking, a factory made of reinforced concrete or metal construction can be given a “shed” type ridge roof, with windows facing north so as to give evenly distributed natural lighting without the strong light of the sun.,Designing a bridge requires solid knowledge, imagination and experience. The most important considerations for a good bridge design are these: a safe and technically sound design, economical both in erection cost and maintenance, a long service life, aesthetics, and, of course the impact on the environment.,Key words and Phrases,economic adj the governments economic policy economic development economical careful in the spending of money, time, etc and in the use of resources; not wasteful She is economical with/in her use of salt when cooking. an economical style of writing,serve as: (no passive) satisfy (a need or purpose); be suitable (for): eg.This room can serve as/for a study. be concerned with: be about sth eg.Her latest documentary is concerned with youth unemployment. comply with: do as one is requested, commanded eg.The rules must be complied with, ie obeyed. so as to: with the intention of doing sth eg.I left a message so as to be sure of contacting her.,Exercises,1. He has many reference books, dictionaries and handbooks. 2. Everybody must the library rules 3. , new kinds of energy will have to be found. 4. Today people have found new ways of building houses. 5. The pine-trees widely . 6. Iron also a building material. 7. Students should read English often . 8. The course the knowledge in civil engineering.,Complete the sentences with the given words or expressions. Change the form where necessary.,such as,comply with,Generally speaking,distributed,dwelling,serves as,as,is concerned with,as,possible,II. Translate the following words or phrases into English,餐室,起居室,城市规划,房间布局,建筑红线,a sitting-room,town-planning rules,building lines,a dining-room,the layout of the rooms,棚式人式屋架,绿化面积,人口密度,接待室,天然采光,green space,density of population,natural lighting,a shed type ridge roof,reception rooms,GUIDED WRITING,Introduction,为了使外界更好地了解、熟悉某个机构、某一产业或某一场所，以赢得声誉、顾客、生意等，我们需要通过介绍来达到与外界联系、交往的目的。 介绍的语言要简明扼要，突出其特点，有吸引力。 机构介绍 机构介绍主要包括机构的由来、性质、地理位置、设施、规模、已取得的成就以及今后的目标等，简介的语言要言简意赅，实事求是，还要有感染力。,Sample 1 Huanxin Architectural Engineering College Huanxin Architecttral Engineering College is a college to train specialists in architecture. Founded in 1952 and located in the south of Taiyuan, the college occupies a land of 410 mu and covers a Building space of 360,000 . The college has 26 specialties and offers 12 masters programmes. There are 580 staff members, 220 of whom are professors and associate professors. There are 8,500 registered students, including 6,500 full-time students and 2,000 correspondence students. Tel :0351-744566& E-mail :huajxin126.c/m,环新建筑工程学院 环新建筑工程学院是一所专门培养建筑类人才的学院，创建于1952年，校园位于太原市南部，占地面积410亩，校舍建筑面积36万平方米学院有26个专业，12个硕士点.全院共有教职工580人，其中教授、副教授220人，在校学生,50