语法知识第9讲动词的时态和语态.ppt

第 9 讲,动词的时态和语态,一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. I think high school students should_ (give),pocket money.,be given,goes,2.The earth _ (go) around the sun.,3.Black tea_,(invent) in China more than,600 years ago.,was invented,will be,4.There _ (be) more than 50 schools in our city next,year.,isnt allowed,have had,5.Parking _ (not allow) here. 6.I _ (have) this bike for more than two years.,二、单句改错,not allowis not allowed,1.I buy a new shirt yesterday._ 2.When we reach there, they work for a long time. _ 3 . The child not allow to play computer games before finishing homework._,4.Jane go to school by bus._,gogoes,5.The meeting holds next week._,buybought,workhave worked,holdswill be held,动词的第三人称单数 1一般情况直接加-s。如：,stopstops,looklooks readreads,2以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾的动词加-es。如：,watchwatches,missmisses washwashes,fixfixes dodoes,3以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i 再加-es。如： hurryhurries crycries carrycarries 4be 动词的三种形式：am, is, are 5特殊：havehas,动词的过去式和过去分词 1规则动词： (1)一般情况直接加-ed。如：,rainrained cleancleaned,watchwatched,(2)以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，只加-d。如：,livelived,likeliked movemoved,(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写该辅音字 母，再加-ed。如： dropdropped stopstopped planplanned (4)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，应变 y 为 i 再加-ed。 如： carrycarried studystudied crycried 2不规则动词：不规则动词过去式和过去分词的变化规律 性不强，只能分别记忆。,动词的现在分词 1一般情况在词尾加-ing。如：,listenlistening dodoing,studystudying,2以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，去 e 加-ing。如： havehaving makemaking 3以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写该辅音字 母，再加-ing。如：,runrunning,getgetting,beginbeginning,4以字母 ie 结尾的动词，变 ie 为 y 再加-ing。如：,diedying,lielying,现在完成时中的一些重要用法 1短暂性动词和延续性动词,短暂性动词可用于完成时态，说明某个动作的结果还存在， 但不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，也不能用于 how long 引导的特殊疑问句中。如需使用，此时要将短暂性动词转换为 延续性动词。如：,borrowkeep buyhave,diebe dead,joinbe a member of/be in,begin/startbe on finish/endbe over,come/go/arrivebe in/at leavebe away (from) becomebe,openbe open,closebe closed sleepbe asleep,marrybe married returnbe back get upbe up,2have/has gone to, have/has been to 和 have/has been in 的,区别,(1)have/has gone to 强调“在去某地的路上或在某地”，人,还未回来。如：,Has he gone to Qingdao？他去青岛了吗？,(2)have/has been to 强调“去过某地”，人已经回来了。如：,Have you been to our town before? 你以前曾经去过我们镇吗？,(3)have/has been in 强调“一直待在某地”，常与一段时间,连用。如：,He has been in Guangzhou since 1989.,他自从 1989 年就待在广州了。,元贝驾考网 / 元贝驾考科目四 科目一 科目三 仿真试题,3现在完成时和一般过去时的区别,(1)现在完成时强调过去动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与 现在有关；一般过去时仅强调在过去某一时刻曾经发生的动作， 与现在无关。如：,He has studied English for five years.,他学英语五年了。(说明他现在还在学),He studied English for five years.,他曾学过五年英语。(只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在,学不学就不知道了),(2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时常,与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。,被动语态,动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主 语是谓语动作的执行者；被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承 受者。中考考纲只要求考生掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一 般将来时及含有情态动词的被动语态。,被动语态的构成,1一般现在时的被动语态,肯定句：主语am/is/are过去分词其他,否定句：主语am/is/arenot过去分词其他 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are主语过去分词其他？,2一般过去时的被动语态,肯定句：主语was/were过去分词其他,否定句：主语was/werenot过去分词其他 一般疑问句：Was/Were主语过去分词其他？ 3一般将来时的被动语态,肯定句：主语will/shallbe过去分词其他 否定句：主语will/shallnotbe过去分词其他 一般疑问句：Will/Shall主语be过去分词其他？ 4一般现在时中含情态动词的被动语态,肯定句：主语情态动词be过去分词其他 否定句：主语情态动词notbe过去分词其他 一般疑问句：情态动词主语be过去分词其他？,被动语态的用法,1当不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者时，用被动语态。,如：,He was seen to go to the church. 他被看到去了教堂。,This bridge was founded in 1981.,这座桥于 1981 年竣工。,2需强调或突出动作的承受者时常用被动语态。此时动作 的执行者由 by 引导且置于谓语动词之后，也可省略。如：,She is liked by everyone.她被每个人所喜爱。,The novel was translated, read and filmed by people. 这部小说被人们翻译、阅读并拍成电影。,3.当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：,The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村,庄都被洪水冲走了。,The window was blown open by wind. 窗户被风吹开了。,4表示客观的说明常用“It is过去分词that 从句”句,型。这类句型有：,It is said that.据说,It is known to all that.众所周知 It is reported that.据报道 It is believed that.大家相信,5为了使句子简练，上下文紧凑、连贯，常使用被动语态。,如：,Apples are good for health and are liked by almost everyone.,苹果对健康有益，几乎所有人都喜欢。,When he was five, he was taught how to swim. 五岁的时候，他就被教会如何游泳。,6文章的标题、广告、新闻等用语也常使用被动语态。如： Teachers Wanted.招聘老师。(省略 are) Road Blocked.道路堵塞。(省略 is),注意：不及物动词( 短语 )happen/take place, appear,disappear, come true, come out 等无被动语态。,主动语态表示被动意义,1 系动词 look, sound, smell, taste, seem, turn, get, become,等的主动结构表示被动意义(系动词无被动式)。如：,The idea sounds great.这主意听起来不错。,The flowers look beautiful.这些花看起来很漂亮。,2动词不定式作定语时常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：,I have a lot of homework to do every day. 我每天都有很多作业要做。,She has a letter to write.她有一封信要写。,3need doing (need to be done)用主动形式表示被动意,义。如：,This shirt needs washing.,This shirt needs to be washed. 这衬衫需要清洗了。,(,)1.(2012 年广东)Hot water_ in the students,flats from 5 p.m.to 7 p.m.now.,A.supplies C.supplied,B.is supplied D.was supplied,B water 与 supply 之间是动宾关系，故排除 A、C 两项； 且由 now 可知描述的是一般情况，故选 B。,(,)2.(2012 年广东)Our English teacher is very nice.We,_ friends since three years ago.,Awere Chave been,Bbecame Dhave made,C 由 since (自从)可以判断该句用现在完成时。become, make 是短暂性动词，不能和表示延续的时间连用；单独的 be 动词不能表达动词的连续性。故选 C。,(,)3.(2012 年广东)Jenny _ in the kitchen when,you called her at 5 oclock this afternoon. Ais cooking Bwas cooking Ccooks DCooked B 题意：当你今天下午 5 点打电话给 Jenny 时，她正在厨 房里做饭。表示过去某一时间点正在进行的动作用过去进行时。,(,)4.(2012 年广东广州)Ive got the final Harry Potter,book. You will love it.I _ it twice already. A.am reading B.have read C.was reading D.will read B 题意：“我买到最后一部哈里波特了。”“你会 喜欢的，我已经看了两遍了。”根据 already 可知应用现在完成 时。,(,)5.(2012 年广东佛山)The cleaners _ the street,and it is quite clean now. Aare sweeping Bwill sweep Chave swept,C,题意：清洁工人已经扫过这条街，现在它很干净。根,据题意，动作应发生在过去且对现在造成了某种影响，故应用 现在完成时。,(,)6.(2012 年广东佛山)Yang Liwei, a famous astronaut,_ to Foshan in March, 2012.,Acomes,Bcame,Cwas coming,B 根据时间状语可知动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。,(,)7.(2012 年广东佛山)Air must _ fresh all the,time.Its good for our health.,Akeep,Bis kept,Cbe kept,C,must 必须，是情态动词，故后面跟动词原形；空气是,“被保持干净”，故选 C。,(,)8.(2012 年广东河源)Heyuan develops so fast.,Thats true.Great changes _ in Heyuan in the last few years. Ahave been taken place Btook place Ctake place Dhave taken place D in the last few years 在过去的几年里，是现在完成时的 标志词；take place 发生，无被动语态。故选 D。,(,)9.(2012 年广东河源)In the old days, they _ in,the factory from morning to night. Awere made to work Basked to work Cmade to work Dwere asked for work A 题意：在过去，他们被迫从早到晚在工厂工作。他们 是“被迫”，故用被动语态；ask for 要求，请求。故选 A。,(,)10.(2012 年广东梅州)Where is your father?,He _ Australia and he _ Sydney for two weeks.,Ahas been to; has been in Chas been in; has been to,Bhas gone to; has been in Dhas gone to; has been to,B 题意：“你的父亲在哪里？”“他去了澳大利亚，并 且已经在悉尼待了两周了。”have been to 表示过去曾经去过某 地，说话时已经从该地回来了；have gone to 表示在去某地的路 上或在某地，说话时还未回来；have been in 表示已在某地待了 多久。故选 B。,(,)11.(2012 年广东茂名)This is No.9 Middle School.Its,door _every day after school. Awas closed Bis closed Cclose,B,题意：这是第 9 中学，每天下午放学后它的门都是关,着的。be closed 关着的，表示状态；因为是每天都发生，故应 该用一般现在时。选 B。,(,)12.(2012 年广东茂名)Have you seen Mike?,He _ football on the sports field. Aplays Bis playing Cwill play,B,题意：“你看见麦克了吗？”“他正在运动场踢足,球。”表示动作正在进行，应用现在进行时。,(,)13.(2012 年广东深圳)Its said a pianist will perform,at Poly Theater on Friday evening.Is it Lang Lang? Yes, it _ him.He _ for a week.,Amust be; has arrived here Cmust be; has been here,Bmaybe; has been here Dmaybe; has arrived here,C 题意：“据说一个钢琴家周五晚上将要在保利剧院表 演。是郎朗吗？”“是的，一定是他。他已经到这儿一个星期 了。”根据题意可知是表示有把握的肯定推测，故应用 must be； 又 arrive 为短暂性动词，与一段时间连用时应改为 has been。故 选 C。,(,)14.(2012 年广东深圳)What will you do _,the summer holiday? I think I shall watch London Olympic Games.It will _ in August.,Aduring; be held Cduring; hold,Bat; hold Dat; be hold,A,表示“在一段时间内”用 during ；奥运会是“被举,行”，应用被动语态。故选 A。,(,)15.(2012 年广东湛江)_ you _ your,homework? Not yet.,ADo; finish CDid; finish,BHave; finished DAre; finished,B 答语中有 yet，是完成时的标志词，故选 B。,(,)16.(2012 年广东肇庆)Have all the students known,that our class will visit Mountain Tai this afternoon? Yes.Every student _ about it.,A. told,Bwas told,Chas told,学生们得知这个消息是因为“被告知”，故应用被动,B 语态。,(,)17.(2011 年广东)Alan, its late.Why not go to bed?,Jenny hasnt come back yet.I _ for her. A. waited Bhave waited Cam waiting Dwas waiting C 由题意可知是“正在等她”，且由“its late”可知表示现 在，故用现在进行时。,(,)18.(2011 年广东)People who drink wine _ to,drive after May Day. A. dont allow Bisnt allowed Cmustnt allow Dmustnt be allowed D 题意：五一节之后喝了酒的人不(被)允许开车。由题意 可知应用被动语态，B 项主谓不一致，故选 D。,(,)19.(2011 年广东)Our math teacher _ in our,school for 20 years and he _ here when he was 23 years old.,A.has taught; has come C.taught; came,B.taught; comes D.has taught; came,D 题意：我们数学老师在我们学校教书 20 年了，当他 23 岁的时候他就来到了这里。由 for 20 years 可知，动作从 20 年 前持续到现在，故第一空要用现在完成时；由时间状语从句 “when he was 23 years old”可知，动作发生在 23 岁时，故第二 空要用一般过去时。,(,)20.(2011 年广东广州)Yesterday evening, I _,along the street when I suddenly met my maths teacher. A.walk B.walked C.was walking D.am walking,C,题意：昨天晚上我正沿着街道散步，突然遇到我的数,学老师。“散步”这个动作是遇到老师时正在进行的，故用过 去进行时。,(,)21.(2011 年广东佛山)The Chinese Culture Day,_ in New York City on April 20th, 2011. A.celebrated B.is celebrated C.was celebrated,C,“on April 20th, 2011” 表示的是过去时间，celebrate 与,the Chinese Culture Day 是动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语 态。,(,)22.(2011 年广东佛山)Most of the sandstorms in our,country _ in spring, from March to May.,A.happen,B.Happens,C.is happening,A,由时间状语“in spring, from March to May”可知时态是,一般现在时，且主语为复数，故选 A。,(,)23.(2011年广东佛山)The Guangzhou Tower _,thousands of tourists since it was open to the public.,A.attracts,B.Attracted,C.has attracted,C,由时间状语“since it was open to the public”可知应用现,在完成时。,(,)24.(2011 年广东深圳)When should I hand in my,paper? Your paper must _ as soon as the bell _. A.hand in; rings B.hand in; will ring C.be handed in; will ring D.be handed in; rings D hand in 与 paper 之间是动宾关系，故第一空用被动语 态；as soon as 引导的时间状语从句中，从句用一般现在时表示 将来。故选 D。,(,)25.(2011 年广东梅州)The boss made him work 14,hours a day.That means, he _ work 14 hours a day.,A. was made Cwas making,Bmade Dwas made to,D,由前一句可知“他被迫每天工作 14 个小时”，且前,一句的谓语动词 made 是一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动 语态。make sb.do sth.的被动语态要加上省略的 to，即 be made to do sth.。故选 D。,(,)26.(2011 年广东肇庆)Your classroom is very clean. Yes, it _ every day. A.is cleaned B.cleans C.is cleaning,A,由时间状语 every day 可知要用一般现在时，且 it(即,your classroom)是 clean 这一动作的承受者，故用一般现在时的 被动语态，选 A。,(,)27.(2011 年广东肇庆)You are too late.The film,_ since half an hour ago. A.has begun B.has been on C.began B 由时间状语 since half an hour ago 可知用现在完成时， 且 begin 为短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用，故用 be on。选 B。,(,)28.(2011 年广东清远)Echo _ for half a,month.Shell come back in two months. A.left B.leave C.has left D.has been away,D,时间状语 for half a month 为一段时间，故谓语动词要,用延续性动词；且由后一句“她将两个月后回来”说明已经离 开，应用现在完成时态。故选 D。,(,)29.(2010 年广东)Robert with his two kids _ to,the beach for vacation every year. A.go B.goes C.went D.are going B 由时间状语 every year 可知用一般现在时；主语中带有 with 短语时，谓语动词应与 with 短语前面的主语保持一致。故 选 B。,(,)30.(2010 年广东)Do you know her well? Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago.,A.were C.have been,B.have made D.have become,C,根据后面的 since ten years ago 可知用现在完成时，且,make 和 become 均为短暂性动词，不能与一段