IE(工业工程)与BRP在企业中的应用.doc

郑州航空工业管理学院Industrial Engineering and Business Process Re-Engineering in the application of the enterprise张 霖 高广章张 睿 杨 茉 编著学 号 120507209 名姓 名 黄远俊 名二 0 一 四 年 十 一 月 七 号Industrial Engineering and Business Process Re-Engineering In the application of the enterpriseIE与BPR在企业中的应用Abstractwith the reform and opening up gradually in-depth, more and more multinational companies have landed in China, and with the foreign enterprises in the rising of investment in our country, many advanced management concept was introduced into China, the industrial engineering (IE) and business process re-engineering (BPR) is one of the two branches. This paper focuses on Internet explorer and the application of BPR in manufacturing enterprises, especially for is some using IE and BPR better state-owned enterprises, foreign enterprises or companies, by Internet explorer and BPR examples of specific application in an enterprise, make others understand Internet explorer and BPR, hoping to attract the attention of the enterprise, in order to promote the application of industrial engineering in our country.Keywords: industrial engineering; business process re-engineering; manufacturing enterprises;内容摘要随着改革开放的逐步深入，越来越多的跨国企业已经登陆中国，而伴随境外企业在我国投资的不断升温，许许多多的先进管理理念被引进中国，其中工业工程（IE）与企业流程再造（BPR）就是其中的两个分支。本文主要针对IE和BPR在制造型企业中的应用，特别是针对某些运用IE与BPR较好的国企、外企或台企，通过IE与BPR在某企业中的具体应用实例，使其他企业了解IE和BPR，希望能够引起这些企业的注意，以推进工业工程在我国的应用。关键词： 工业工程；企业流程再造；制造型企业1 the significance and role of process engineering in the enterprise to implement1.1 SignificanceEnterprise business processes are usually described as a value chain, competition not only in enterprises and between enterprises, but between the respective value chain. Only with the ability to manage the enterprise value chain of each link of the enterprise to occupy the core advantage in the fiercely competitive environment reconstruction and business process that matches the operational mechanism and organizational structure, realize the effective management and control of the enterprise, can make the enterprise really focus on the structure of the process, to eliminate traditional management only pay attention to some point and ignore the disadvantages of the process structure.1.2 Function(1)To realize the change of function to the business process management, business process engineering emphasizes geared to the needs of the business process management. The business review and decision making in business process execution, shorten the length of the flow of information and time, the customers and the market reaction speed is improved. 3(2) pay attention to the overall optimal system thought. Business process engineering based on the overall process of global optimal target design and optimization of process activities, reduce invalid or non-value added activities as much as possible.(3) to establish flat organizations. Business process engineering require companies to design business process first, and then according to the process to establish the companys organizational structure, minimize the useless of the intermediate links (use: mergers, simplify,). It can not only reduce costs, more important is to improve the operation efficiency of the organization and the market reaction speed.Give full play to the individual in the role of the entire process, decision-making focal point is located in the business process execution of business process engineering, the emphasis on the quality of personnel, business processes and to emphasize group cooperation ability, success will be treated as personal success and process as a whole.2 the method of process engineering theory2.1 the concept of process engineeringProcess engineering BPR (Business Process engineering) called the Business Process engineering. Michael hammer and James sees in the book engineering companies - regeneration definition of business process engineering is on the whole process of enterprise business process engineering is the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign. Thus, such as the cost and speed can be obtained to measure the achievement of a dramatic performance. The fundamental thoroughness dramatic and process is the definition of four characteristics of attention.2.2 the implementation of business process engineering principle 2.2.1 engineering Principle (1)Center to the principle of process oriented, it is the purpose of process engineering for functional transformation process. (2)Adhere to the people-centered model of team to process as the center of enterprise, the process of review and decision making some choices, so enterprises must be people-oriented, employees can better to make decisions and audit. (3) the principle of customer orientation is the existence of an enterprise, the company has a strong customer under the premise to grow and strong, so the enterprise should be a potential customer as to a certain height.2.2.2engineeringProcess engineering is the core principle of the direct change the direction of the fundamental principle, and the operational principle is the guarantee to conduct the principle of change. The operational principle is the guidance we avoid decision-making mistakes in the process of engineering. Main operational principles are: to those who use the results of production to participate in these processes involved in decision making, to merge similar process together.2.3 The process engineering theorySystematic transformation method and the new design method is a basic and important of business process engineering of the method. The choice of two methods is the enterprise itself. May need to consider the following several problems, economic environment and fierce competition between businesses.2.4 Process engineering implementation steps3 application research3.1,The company the status quot of cabinet put oneself in another production system3.2, The production management problems that exist in the analysis3.3Design, process improvementThe implementation of the process engineering of it after a field investigation to make specific steps. Generally divided into the following several steps, process engineering strategy decisions - a process engineering team - that decide the aim of process engineering, business process diagnosis, process engineering and implementation plan.3.1.1. Plate processing situationA companys cabinet put oneself in another position sheet production system of processing mainly adopts flexible manufacturing system (FMS). FMS production system with a high degree of automation, the whole process is smooth, the consistency of the product, size, shape and position has a high precision. But in the specific process of this system, the operation personnel, working environment, the processing of alarm system and daily maintenance of system has the high requirements, specific production process is: sheet of stereoscopic warehouse storage to use automatic feeding device is plank divide plank of initial alignment using magnetic chuck plate production line feed plate punching and cutting, bending plate processing complete plate parts inventory management3.1.2. Plate surface treatment statusWhen plate processing good will send sheet parts surface treatment workshop, surface treatment on plate parts. The purpose is to remove plate surface impurities such as sticky oil engine-grease, rusty spot, to prepare for next spray paint on the surface of the plate. The surface of the plate processing mainly antirust treatment and galvanized:(1) the antirust processingOn plate surface antirust processing, go through the following steps to complete: degreasing, water washing, cleaning, washing water, watch, phosphating, running water to wash, hot water washing, drying. In more than a few process has special processing tank. But treatment facilities for 20 30 years old, in the company periodically updating equipment, failed to timely to update processing groove.(2) galvanized processingGalvanized switch is mainly used for processing, because the cabinet put oneself in anothers position of the working environment is a bad situation, often to galvanized processing surface, can prevent the surface rust. The main process in addition to the oil tank, water tank, stainless steel processing, sink, sink, passivation tank, tank, heat sink.Its operating environment and process condition and surface processing workshop antirust processing workshop, equipment is obsolete, the operating environment is mixed and disorderly, the operator is lazy and undisciplined.3.1.3 plate surface spray coating the status quoWhen plank in FMS production line through punching, bending, trimming processing. Then after surface treatment workshop of antirust and galvanized processing, plank that access to the painting workshop for cabinet put oneself in another surface spray treatment. Specific spraying process is: hangs Taiwan - spray - drying - out - receiving. The spraying equipment is imported system, after installation and debugging good, has been running for three years in a row, in this three years of operation, the system appeared a few times larger fault, with the help of the technicians and operators one by one, ruled out fault, but which produce a series of small problem has not been solved thoroughly.3.1.4 cabinet put oneself in another assemblyThe company has advanced assembly workshop, a computer and manual control monitoring alarm system, all parts after processing to make a unified assembly to the assembly shop. Various assembly parts more clutter in the large piled in the workshop, the assembly staff to get the assembly tasks according to oneself, according to the type of cabinet put oneself in another position of parts of collar and classification. Cabinet put oneself in anothers specific assembly process is: holds pillar - after loading plate - the side panels - installed clapboard, wiring, the front panel.3.2.1 the problems existing in the plate production(1) board in the warehouse storage cost problem. Lack of material requirements planning.(2) when the plate processing after the completion of the inventory in this workshop and sheet transfer problems. Exist in the stagnation of the products, affect the efficiency of the whole production process.(3) the service training for operating personnel is not enough. Due to improper operation, after the system appear alarm will not be able to handle problems in time, making the whole system in processing the interrupt and make the FMS utilization rate is not high.3.2.2. Problems existing in the plate surface treatment(1) operation conditions, equipment is too old(2) management is too loose, machining efficiency is low, the operation personnel quality to be improved(3) in the painting workshop in the transfer of goods in the course of the processing of blocking or process bottlenecks3.2.3. The board the problems existing in the spraying process(1) there was a problem with the professional operators, pre-service training do not reach the designated position, the equipment to operating personnel did not make the device performance, led to the set of equipment of performance does not fully utilized, also makes the problems in the process of operation, cant handle in time.(2) the existence of paint waste phenomenon, caused by equipment maintenance is not complete.3.2.4. The problems existing in the cabinet put oneself in another position in the assembly process(1) of the line in the assembly process is restricted to assembly efficiency.(2) assembly operator proficiency on the assembly efficiency.3.2.5 cabinet put oneself in another position the problems existing in the production process each link cohesionThe whole cabinet put oneself in another position in the process of production of different production department, the prominent problems between the supply and receiving is not timely delay and communication between serious problem, make the production process a series of related problems.Can get from the above analysis, the company in the cabinet put oneself in another position of the whole process, there are some obvious problems, in order to improve the production efficiency of enterprises, are necessary to process them into shape.3.3.1 integration of cabinet put oneself in another production, reducing parts midway parking in the process.3.3.2 rainfall distribution on 10-12, production, processing and using parallel (JIT) ways, made more than zero, parts, and moreA number of processes for production at the same time.3.3.3. Improve production workshop environment, the necessary technical equipment renovation, strengthening the staff pre-service training, according to the post Settings, in order to strengthen the management of post responsibility system, strict with on-the-job personnel to abide by the rules and regulations, increase the operating personnel operating skills and the ability to adapt and post responsibility.We add a component assembly department before assembly shop, make the parts to the assembly shop of components, to improve the efficiency of the final performance of assembly workshop.3.3.5 set up dedicated regulators, the efficiency of regular and irregular sampling.In the switch cabinet production process, cabinet put oneself in another position of production is one of the more important. At present the company in the whole cabinet put oneself in another position in the process of production, its production process is in the traditional way of single process to the processing in the process of the change of the pattern of the modern science, is based on the manufacturing process engineering (BPR) theory was improved. In view of the above factors, as well as from the cabinet put oneself in another position with the company actual production process analysis, the existing process in producing a companys cabinet put oneself in another position is indeed the need for effective improvement. After the authors on-the-spot investigation and analysis of theory and method of use of the existing master, to transform in order to improve the production process to do the following cabinet put oneself in another position of a company: raw material procurement, warehousing, to plate processing, for the board processing according to the category of number, according to the number directly to the surface treatment workshop, plate surface processing, the products delivery - plank to spray paint on the surface - the plank after processing die from installation, parts and components classified into assembly workshop, the overall cabinet put oneself in another position assembly - complete cabinet put oneself in another production, finished goods warehouse management.1流程再造在企业实施的意义和作用1.1意义企业业务流程通常会描述成一个价值链，竞争不止发生在企业与企业之间，而是发生在各自的价值链之间。只有对企业价值链的各个环节实施有效管理的企业才能在激烈竞争的环境中占据核心优势重构与企业流程相匹配的运行机制和组织结构，实现对企业有效的管理和控制，能使企业真正着眼于流程的结构，消除传统管理中只注重某个环节而忽视整个流程结构的弊端。1.2作用（1） 实现职能管理到业务流程管理的转变，业务流程再造强调面向业务流程的管理。将业务的审核和决策定位于业务流程执行的地方，缩短信息流的长度和时间，从而提高对顾客和市场的反应速度。3（2）注意整体最优的系统思想。业务流程再造根据整体流程全局最优的目标设计和优化流程中各项活动，尽可能减少无效的或不增值的活动。（3）建立扁平化组织。业务流程再造要求企业先设计业务流程而后根据流程建立公司的组织结构，尽量减少无用的中间环节（运用：合并、简化、）。这不仅可以降低成本，更重要的是提高了组织的运转效率及市场的反应速度。（4） 充分发挥个人在整个流程中的作用，业务流程再造的决策点定位于业务流程执行的地方，这强调业务处理流程中人员的素质，并强调团体的合作能力，将个人成功与其所处理流程成功作为一体。2流程再造的理论方法2.1流程再造的概念流程再造BPR(Business Process engineering)全称为企业流程再造。迈克尔哈默和詹姆斯钱皮在再造企业再生一书中对企业流程再造的定义为“业务流程再造就是对企业的整个流程进行根本的再思考和彻底的再设计。从而可以获得像成本和速度等方面的业绩来衡量戏剧性的成就。其中“根本性 ”“彻底性”“戏剧性”和“流程”是该定义关注的四个特征。2.2 企业流程再造的实施原则2.2.1再造的核心原则（1） 以流程为中心坚持以流程为导向的原则，就是流程再造的目的以职能型转变为流程性。（2） 坚持以人为本的的团队模式以流程性为中心的企业，流程的审核和决策有人抉择，因此企业必须以人为本，员工才能更好地进行决策和审核。（3）顾客导向原则一个企业的存在，在于公司有强大的顾客为前提之下才能生长和强大，因此一个具有发展潜力的企业应该将顾客至于一定的高度。表1：流程再造与传统企业原则对比流程再造核心原则传统企业原则以流程为中心以职能为中心以人为本的团队模式以工作顺序为基础的部门管理以顾客为导向以成本为导向 总儿言之，流程再造的三个核心原则是相辅相成的，顾客导向决定流程再造的导向，而流程导向有要求企业进行团队模式，这三个原则相辅相成。2.2.2再造的操作性原则流程再造的核心原则是那些指导变革方向的根本性原则，而操作性原则则是那些保证变革得以进行的原则。这些操作性原则是指导我们在再造过程中避免决策方面的失误。主要操作性原则有:让那些利用生产结果参与这些流程的人参与决策，把相似的流程合并起来。2.3流程再造的理论法则系统化改造法和全新设计法是企业流程再造的的基本和重要的方法。两种方法的抉择在于企业本身的情况。一般需要考虑如下几个问题之后，经济环境，企业之间竞争的激烈程度。2.4流程再造的的实施步骤流程再造的的实施要经过实地的考察之后才能做出具体步骤。一般流程再造分为以下几个步骤，制定战略决策-组建流程再造小组-确定流程再造目标-企业流程诊断-流程再造的实施方案。3应用研究3.1、某公司柜体生产系统的现状 3.1.1.板材加工现状 某公司柜体生产系统中板材的加工主要采用柔性生产系统（FMS）来完成。FMS生产系统由于具有很高的自动化程度，整个加工过程比较顺畅，产品的一致性、尺寸、形状及位置等均具有较高精度。但在该系统的具体生产过程中，对操作人员、工作环境、报警系统的处理及系统的日常维护等均具有较高的要求，具体生产过程为：利用立体仓库进行板材储存利用自动取料装置进行板材分取板材的初始定位利用电磁吸盘进行板材流水线生产送料板材的冲孔、切边、折弯板材加工完成板件库存管理 3.1.2.板材表面处理现状 当板材加工好之后就要把板材零件送到板材的表面处理车间，对板材零件进行表面处理。目的是祛除板材表面粘着的油圬、锈斑等杂质，为下一步板材表面的喷漆作好准备。板材的表面处理主要有防锈处理和镀锌处理： （1）防锈处理 在进行板材表面防锈处理时，要经过以下几道工序才能完成：脱脂流水洗除锈流水洗表调磷化流水洗热水洗烘干。在以上几道工序中都有专用的处理槽。但处理设施已有2030年的历史了，在公司阶段性进行设备的更新中，未能及时对处理槽进行更新。 （2）镀锌处理 镀锌主要用于处理开关柜面板，因为柜体的工作环境经常处于比较恶劣的情况之下，对表面进行镀锌处理，可以防止表面生锈。其处理过程主要有：除油水槽水槽不锈钢处理水槽水槽钝化槽水槽热水槽。 其处理车间的操作环境与加工状态与表面防锈处理车间基本相同，设备都比较陈旧，操作环境比较杂乱，操作人员比较懒散、不守纪律。 3.1.3板材表面喷涂现状 当板材在FMS生产线上经过冲孔、折弯、切边处理。再经过表面处理车间的防锈及镀锌等处理之后，板材即进入喷涂车间进行柜体表面喷漆处理。具体喷涂过程为：挂板喷涂烘干出料收货。 该喷涂设备是进口系统，在安装、调试好之后，已经连续运行三年，在运行的这三年中，该系统出现过几次比较大的故障，在技术人员及操作人