2019年高考英语一轮复习2.1Culturalrelics讲含解析.docx

2.1 Cultural relics单元知识预览项目单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）重点单词1valuable adj.贵重的；有价值的value n价值 v估价invaluable adj.无法估价的，无价的2survive vi.幸免；生幸存还survivor n幸存者survival n幸存，存活3amaze vt.使吃惊；惊讶amazing adj.令人吃惊的amazed adj.感到吃惊的amazement n惊奇，惊异4select vt.挑选；选择selective adj.有选择性的5design n设计；图案；构思vt.设计；计划；构思designer n设计者6decorate v装饰；装修decoration n装饰，装饰物7jewel n珠宝；宝石jewellery n珠宝(总称)8remove vt.移动；搬开removal n移动；排除9doubt n怀疑；疑惑vt.怀疑；不信doubtful adj.怀疑的10former adj.以前的；从前的11worth prep.值得的，相当于的价值n.价值；作用adj.古值钱的12evidence n根据；证据evident adj.明显的；有线索的13explode vi.爆炸explosion n爆炸14entrance n入口15sink vi.下沉；沉下16debate n争论；辩论vi.争论；辩论重点短语1in search of 寻找2belong to 属于3in return 作为报答4at war 处于交战状态5less than 少于6take apart 拆开7think highly of 看重；器重8serve as 充当；担任9be of the fancy style 风格奇特的10rather than 而不是经典句型（高考书面表达必备）1Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.普鲁士国王腓特烈威廉一世永远想象不到，他赠给俄罗斯人民的最厚重的礼物会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。2There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train. 毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车3After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. 从那以后，琥珀屋的最终所归便成了一个谜。必备语法（高级句型）定语从句晨读范文背诵2018云南省师范大学附属中学高三第八次月考假定你是Robert国际学校的学生李华，在即将毕业离开学校之际，代表所有毕业生在毕业欢送会上发言。内容包括:1. 向学校和老师表示感谢;2. 对同学的祝愿。注意:1. 词数100左右;2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;3. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。【参考范文】Good morning, dear teachers and friends, Im Li Hua. Today I am honored to represent us graduates to deliver a speech. Firstly, Id like to extend our heartfelt thanks to the teachers for your help and guidance in the past three years. Without your guidance and encouragement, we couldnt have made such great progress. Now we have not only had a good command of all the subjects, but also learned how to get along with each other and how to be a responsible person. What a good time! To repay you, we should work harder to serve the people and society better in the future. Next, as for my friends, I want to express my best wishes. I sincerely hope you can make great achievements in your future life and career. Thanks again. And all the best to my friends.语言知识精析重点单词精讲考点1survive vt. 在之后仍然生存；逃生；比活得长vi. 活下来；幸存【教材原句】Is it enough to have survived for a long time？(P1)它存留很长时间就足够了吗？【例句研读】(1)It was lucky that the boy survived the fire.很幸运，这个男孩得以从大火中_。（1）逃生(2)She survived her husband by ten years.（2）多活了她比她丈夫_十年。(3)Many strange customs have survived from earlier times.（3）源远流长有许多古怪的习俗_。【归纳拓展】survival n. 存活，幸存survivor n. 幸存者survive sb. (by) 比某人活得长(几年)survive sth. 幸免于某事survive on sth. 靠存活下来survive from sth. 从存活下来；流传下来【即时巩固】There are concerns that the beggars in the street may not the freezing winter.AsurviveB liveCsufferDexperience【答案】A考点2design n设计；图案；构思 vt. 设计；计划；构思【教材原句】The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days.(P1)琥珀屋的设计采用了当时流行的别致的建筑式样。【例句研读】(1)They have designed a lot of advanced electric equipment.他们_许多先进的电子设备。（1）已设计了(2)The experiment is designed to test the new drug._是试验新药。（2）实验的目的(3)These books are primarily designed for the use of beginners.这些书主要是供初学的人_。（3）使用的(4)She attended a school of dress design.她就读于一所_学校。（4）服装设计【归纳拓展】by designon purpose 有意，故意have designs on/upon sth. (money/life) 图谋(钱、生命等)be designed for sb./sth.be designed to do sth.be designed as sth.为某目的或用途【即时巩固】完成句子1.这个项目是为穷人设计的。The project the poor.2.这个项目为赚钱而设计。The project make money.3. 她刚好在我们正要离开时到达，但我不能肯定这是出于偶然还是有意安排。She arrived just as we were leaving，but whether this was by accident or _/on purpose Im not sure.4. 这些运动是为增强肌肉力量而设计的。(朗文P507)These exercises _strengthen muscles.【答案】1.is designed for2.is designed to 3. by design 4. are designed to考点3fancy adj. 奇怪的；异样的vt. 想象；设想；爱好n想象力；幻想；爱好【教材原句】The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days.(P1)琥珀屋的设计采用了当时流行的别致的建筑式样。【例句研读】(1)Do you fancy going out this evening？今晚你_出去？（1）想不想(2)She fancied herself(as/to be) a famous actress.她_是个有名的演员。（2）自以为(3)She fancied that she was being followed.她_好像自己被跟踪了。（3）觉得【归纳拓展】fancy oneself (as sth.) 自命不凡；自负fancyn.(to be)/asn. 认为是fancy (ones) doing 想象(某人)做某事have a fancy for 爱好catch/take ones fancy 合某人的心意；吸引某人take a fancy to sb./sth. 喜欢上/爱上某人/某物【即时巩固】He usually appears to be honest.Who can fancy such a thing?Ahis doB his doingChis to do D doing【答案】B【解析】fancy sb.s doing sth.想象某人做某事。考点4doubt n. 怀疑；疑惑vt. 怀疑；不信【教材原句】There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg，which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.(P2)毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，它是当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。【例句研读】(1)_ they will agree with you on this matter.毫无疑问，他们在这件事上会同意你的意见的。(2)_ their football team will win the match.他们的足球队会不会赢得这场比赛还不能肯定。(3)I dont doubt_ he can finish the task on time.我相信他能按时完成任务。(1)There is no doubt that(2)There is some doubt whether(3)that【归纳拓展】doubtful adj. 怀疑的beyond/out of doubt 毫无疑问地；确实地in doubt 不肯定；不确定no doubt 无疑地；很可能without doubt 无疑地；确实地I dont doubt that.我确信I doubt whether (if).我怀疑是否There is no doubt thatclauseabout.毫无疑问注意：doubt 在肯定句中用 whether或 if引导从句，但在疑问句和否定句中用 that引导从句。【即时巩固】根据汉语意思完成句子(1)I doubt_ they can swim across the river.我怀疑他们能否游过河去。(2)This meeting has been, _ , one of the most useful we have had so far.这无疑是我们迄今为止最有用的一次会议。(1)whether(2)without doubt考点5worth prep. 值得的；相当于的价值n价值；作用 adj. 值钱的【教材原句】In groups discuss：Is it worth rebuilding lost cultural relics such as the Amber Room or Yuan Ming Yuan in Beijing？(P2)分组讨论：重建遗失的文化遗产，如琥珀屋和北京的圆明园是值得的吗？【例句研读】(1)The trip was expensive but it was worth every penny.这次旅行花费很大，但是花的_。(1)每一分钱都不冤枉(2)The book is well worth reading.这本书_。(2)很值得一读(3)The article is worthy of careful study./of being studied carefully./to be studied carefully. 这篇文章_仔细研究。(3)值得【归纳拓展】be worthn.“值”(仅限于少数表示钱数或某种代价的比喻性名词)be (well) worth doing “(很)值得做”(用 well修饰；用动名词的主动式表示被动含义)be worthy ofn.ofbeing done值得做某事to be doneIt is worthwhileto do sth.doing sth.做某事是值得的另外：worthy 可用做前置定语，表示“有价值的；可敬的”，而 worth不能做前置定语。如：a worthy gentleman 一位可敬的绅士。【即时巩固】用worth/worthy/worthwhile填空This secondhand car is $2，000 at the most.Guangzhou is to be visited.It is to go to the Summer Palace for a visit.【答案】worthworthyworthwhile考点6select vt.挑选；选择【教材原句】The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellowbrown colour like honey.(P1)选出来的琥珀色彩艳丽，呈现蜂蜜一样的黄褐色。【例句研读】He taught us how to select seeds.他教我们怎样选种。She lets her son select his own Christmas present.她让儿子自己选择圣诞礼物。【归纳拓展】select.for.为而挑选select.from.从中挑选【即时巩固】The players from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.AselectingB to selectCselectedD having selected【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词做定语的用法，select修饰players，为被动关系，只有C选项表被动。重点短语精讲考点1in search ofin ones search for 寻找；搜寻【教材原句】IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM(P1)寻找琥珀屋【例句研读】(1)They started off at once _ the missing girl.他们立即出发，寻找失踪的女孩。(2)The police _ her _ drugs.警察搜查她，看她身上是否有毒品。(3)We have been _ the lost boy all over.我们一直在到处找那失踪的男孩。(4)He _ the book and gave it to me.他找出那本书给了我。(5)He _ (through) his pockets _ a cigarette.他把自己的口袋找遍了，想找到一根香烟。 (1)in search of(2)searched. . .for(3)searching for(4)searched out(5)searched for【归纳拓展】search.for.在里面/身上搜寻search forlook forhunt for 寻找search out 找出某人或某物search through 把仔细搜寻一遍make a search for.搜查，搜寻拓展：in honour of 为了纪念；为向表示敬意in praise of 歌颂；表扬in memory of 为纪念in favour of 赞同，支持in place of 代替in charge of 负责in possession of 拥有in control of 控制in face of 面对in need/want of 需要【即时巩固】完成句子他们立刻启程去寻找那个走失的女孩。They started off at once the missing girl.They started off at once the missing girl.他们到处寻找那个人。They that man everywhere.They that man everywhere.【答案】in search of；to search forsearch for；are in search of考点2belong to 属于；为的一员【教材原句】However，the next king of Prussia，Frederick William ，to whom the amber room belonged，decided not to keep it.(P12)然而，下一位普鲁士国王，腓特烈威廉一世，这个琥珀屋的主人却决定不要它了。【例句研读】(1)That dictionary _ the library.那本词典是图书馆的。(2)Do you _ the trade union？你是工会会员吗？(3)Where do these plates _？这些盘子该放在哪？(1)belongs to(2)belong to(3)belong【归纳拓展】提示：(1)belong to不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时态。(2)belong vi. “适合待在某处，放在某处”，没有含被动意味的过去分词用法。(3)belongings n. 财产，所有物，相关事物【即时巩固】完成句子1. Some years ago，the group _which Sparrow _was taken over by another company.几年前，Sparrow所属的集团被另一家公司收购。2.As is known to us，China is a country _the Third World.众所周知，中国是一个属于第三世界的国家。【答案】1. to; belonged 2. belonging to考点3in return 作为回报；作为交换【教材原句】In return，the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers.(P2)作为回赠，沙皇送给他一队自己最好的士兵。【例句研读】I bought him a drink in return for his help.我请他喝酒以酬谢他的帮助。He asked each of them in turn three questions.他挨个儿问他们每人三个问题。Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.理论的基础是实践，反过来理论又为实践服务。【归纳拓展】in return for为作为回报without return 无赚头；无利润by return (接信后)立即回复return sb. sth. (return sth. to sb.) 将某物归还某人return to some place/life 回到某地/复活【即时巩固】He helps me with English, and I help him with Chinese Afor returnB as returnCin returnD to return【答案】C【解析】分析句意可以看出后一分句“我帮他学汉语”是对“他帮我学英语”的“回报”。考点4. at war处于交战状态【教材原句】This was a time when the two countries were at war.【例句研读】(1)The two countries have been _ for years.这两国已经打了好几年仗了。(2)_ the insect looks like a dead leaf.这种昆虫不动时看上去像一片枯叶。(3)The countries have been _ for more than a century.这些国家和平共处已有一个多世纪了。(1)at war(2)At rest(3)at peace【归纳拓展】at work在上班at play 在玩at peace 处于和平中at school 在上学at breakfast 在吃早饭at table 在吃饭at desk 在学习at rest 静止【即时巩固】Leading the US womens volleyball team back to her hometown for the Beijing Olympic Games, Lang Ping felt _ when she saw some familiar faces.Aat home Bat heartCat will Dat sight【答案】A考点5take apart 拆开，拆散【教材原句】The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it.(P4)老人看到一些德国人拆除并移走了琥珀屋。【例句研读】(1)The Germans _ the Amber Room and moved it away.德国人把琥珀屋拆开移走了。(2)John enjoys _ to see how they work.约翰喜欢拆卸东西，以研究它们的工作原理。(1)took apart(2)taking things apart【归纳拓展】拓展：apart 是副词，“相距，相隔；分开，分离；在一边”。还可以构成如下短语：apart from 除以外know/tell. apart 辨认，区别put/set sb./sth. apart (from sb./sth.)使某人/某物显得优越或独特stand apart 分开站live apart 分开住be wide/far apart 相距很远【即时巩固】Rod loves clocks.However，he never manages to put them together again.Ataking apartBgiving awayCmaking upD turning off【答案】A考点6think highly of 看重；器重【教材原句】【例句研读】(1)I dont _ these socalled improvements to the town center.我对这些所谓的改善市中心的措施评价不高。(2)We all _ her.我们都很看重她。(1)think much of(2)think highly of【归纳拓展】think well/much of sb./sth. 对某人/某物评价高think badly/little/ill/lightly of sb./sth. 对某人/某物评价低(印象不好)think poorly of 不放在眼里；轻视think nothing of 轻视；认为无所谓speak highly of 高度赞扬speak well/ill of 说好/坏think of 想起，记得；觉得怎样think of.as.把当做提示：当 think highly/well/much.of用于被动结构时，修饰动词的副词应放在动词之前，即：be highly/well/much thought of。【即时巩固】What do you think _ Mr Wang?He is _ thought of by us.Aof; well Babout; badlyCover; worse Dof; good【答案】A【解析】What do you think of.？句式表示：“你认为怎么样？”be well thought of被评价很高。经典句型剖析考点1 could have done表示推测【教材原句】Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. 普鲁士国王腓特烈威廉一世永远想象不到他赠给俄罗斯人民的最厚重的礼物会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。【句法分析】本句中 could never have imagined为情态动词表推测的用法，can和 could可以用在否定句和疑问句中，后接完成式，表示对已发生的事情的惊讶、怀疑、猜测或不相信等；或接进行时，表示对正发生的事情的惊讶、怀疑、猜测或不相信等；或接原形，表示对现在或一般情况的否定推测。Could/Can he have been told the news?他被告知这个消息了吗？He knew little about Japanese, so he couldnt have learned it. 他对日语一无所知，因此他不可能学过。The light is out. They cant be at home.灯灭着，他们现在不可能在家。拓展：(1)can/could主要用于否定推测；must 表推测只用于肯定句；mustnt表示“禁止；不允许”。情态动词 can和 must表推测时，其反意疑问句的动词形式要依据主句中有无具体时间状语而定。(2)could have done用于肯定句，则表示“本来能够做到却没有做到”，此时 could不能换成 can。It seems that he is unhappy. He must have been told the bad news.看起来他不高兴，他一定已被告知这个坏消息了。He could have caught the early bus, but his bike broke down on the way.他本能够赶上那辆早班车，但是他的自行车在路上坏了。【例句研读】He couldnt have gone abroad.I saw him just now.他不可能已经出国了。我刚才还看见他了。We knew he couldnt have paid for it，because he had no money.我们知道不可能是他付了这笔钱，因为他没钱。Tom could have taken the money.He was here alone yesterday.有可能是汤姆把钱拿走了，昨天他单独一个人在这里呆过。He could have passed the exam，but he was too careless.他本来能通过考试的，但是他太粗心了。【考点聚焦】情态动词+完成式表对过去事实的推测【即时巩固】(1)I _have been more than six years old when the accident happened.AshouldntBcouldntCmustnt Dneednt【答案】B 【解析】本题考查情态动词的用法。must表推测只能用于肯定句，否定句用 cant/couldnt 代替。shouldnt have done表示“本来不该而实际上却做了”，neednt have done表示“本来不必而实际上却做了”，均不合题意。本句译为：当事故发生时我不可能超过6岁。(2)He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free.Acould BwouldCmust Dneed【答案】A考点2 have宾语宾语补足语结构【教材原句】Later，Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.(P2)后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。【句法分析】had the Amber Room moved是“have宾语宾语补足语”结构。If shes lucky，shell have her business plan accepted.如果她够幸运的话，她的商业计划会被接受。The patient is going to have his temperature taken.这个病人准备让人量体温。have/get sth.done可以表示：使某事被做(主语有意识的行为，可能是主语自己做，也可能是让别人做)；遭遇，经历(此事违背主语的意愿)。若宾语和宾补之间是主动关系则用：have sb.do sth.(do强调做某事这一事实)have sb./sth.doing(doing强调持续进行某一动作)【例句研读】I would have him wait for me at the gate of the park.我要他在公园门口等我。Youd better have your car running slowly.你最好把车子开慢点。【考点聚焦】have宾语宾语补足语结构【即时巩固】1.Claire had her luggage an hour before her plane left.AcheckB checkingCto checkD checked【答案】D【解析】所填词做使役动词have的宾语补足语，其逻辑主语是have的宾语her luggage，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系，且其表示的动作在位于动词动作之前已经完成，用过去分词，选D。2.I am going to Beijing.Do you have anything ？AtakingBto take Cto be takenDtaken【答案】C【解析】句意：我去北京。你有东西要捎吗？take的执行者是“我”，原句的主语是“你”。故答案选C项。3.Ill have all of the readings by the end of this term if my plan goes well.AcompletingB to completeCcompletedD being completed【答案】C考点3 be doing.when.意为“正在做这时(突然)”【教材原句】. One day he was looking in a secondhand furniture shop when he saw an amazing object among the many different vases and jewels.(P3)一天，他正在一家二手家具店里查看，这时他(突然)在众多不同的花瓶和首饰中看见了一个神奇的东西。【句法分析】be doing.when.意为“正在做这时(突然)”，when在句中作并列连词。相当于and then，and at that time。I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.我正想着这件事时，突然听到有人叫我的名字。I was reading a book attentively when an old friend came to see me.我正在全神贯注地读一本书，忽然一位老友来访。【归纳拓展】be about to do.when.即将做这时be on the point of doing.when.正要做这时had just done.when.刚做完这时【例句研读】I was about to swim in the river when the guide told me