利用交换机VTP协议实验来配置VLAN.docx

利用交换机VTP协议实验来配置VLAN一、VTP介绍VTP（VLAN Trunking Protocol）：是VLAN中继协议，也被称为虚拟局域网干道协议。它是思科私有协议。作用是十几台交换机在企业网中，配置VLAN工作量大，可以使用VTP协议，把一台交换机配置成VTP Server, 其余交换机配置成VTP Client,这样他们可以自动学习到server 上的VLAN 信息。VTP模式有3种 服务器模式（Server）客户机模式（Client）透明模式（Transparent） Server（服务器）模式可以学习转发、可以添加删除或修改VLAN信息Client（客户机）模式可以学习转发、但不可以添加删除或修改Transparent（透明）模式不学习，但可以转发VLAN信息；可以创建或删除VLAN，只在本地有效，不影响其它路由器。 新交换机出厂时的默认配置是预配置为VLAN1，VTP 模式为服务器。 VTP协议只能学习到VLAN的信息，并不能学习到端口划分的信息配置命令 若给VTP配置密码，那么本域内的所有交换机的VTP密码必须保持一致。创建VTP域命令 思科IOS系统 switch(config)#vtp domain DOMAIN_NAME 配置交换机的VTP模式 三种模式server client transparent(透明模式) switch(config)# vtp mode server | client | transparent 配置VTP口令 switch (config) # vtp password PASSWORD 配置VTP修剪 能够减少中继端口上不必要的广播信息量，在模拟器中无此命令switch (config) # vtp pruning 配置VTP版本 switch (config) # vtp version 2(默认是版本1) ，客户机不可以配置ver 2查看VTP配置信息 switch# show vtp status 在三层路由器加了一块二层档板时，命令环境改变。比如原来需要在全局配置模式下输入vtp命令，而此时需要在vlan database模式下输入了。二、VTP配置实例试验原理：VTP是一种消息协议，它使用第二层帧，在全网的基础上管理VLAN的添加、删除和重命名，以实现VLAN配置的一致性。有了VTP，就可以在一台交换机上集中修改VLAN的配置，所做的修改会被自动传播到网络中的所有其它计算机上。试验拓扑图：试验步骤：1, VTP Server配置Switch#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Switch(config)#hostname ServerServer(config)#interface range fa 0/23 - fa 0/24Server(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunkServer(config-if-range)#exitServer(config)#vtp domain 5ijsjDomain name already set to 5ijsj.Server(config)#vtp mode server Device mode already VTP SERVER.Server(config)#vtp password 123456Password already set to 123456Server(config)#vlan 10Server(config-vlan)#exitServer(config)#vlan 20Server(config-vlan)#exitServer(config)#end%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleServer#show vtp status VTP Version : 2Configuration Revision : 8Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255Number of existing VLANs : 7VTP Operating Mode : ServerVTP Domain Name : 5ijsjVTP Pruning Mode : DisabledVTP V2 Mode : EnabledVTP Traps Generation : DisabledMD5 digest : 0x48 0x90 0xF1 0xBE 0x69 0xDA 0x0B 0x53 Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:43:40Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)Server#show vlanVLAN Name Status Ports- - - -1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Gig1/1, Gig1/210 VLAN0010 active 20 VLAN0020 active 1002 fddi-default act/unsup 1003 token-ring-default act/unsup 1004 fddinet-default act/unsup 1005 trnet-default act/unsupVLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2- - - - - - - - - - -1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 010 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 020 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 01002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0 1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0 1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0 1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0 Remote SPAN VLANs-Primary Secondary Type Ports- - - -Server#2, VTP Client1配置Switch#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Switch(config)#hostname Client1Client1(config)#int fa0/23Client1(config-if)#switchport mode trunkClient1(config-if)#exitClient1(config)#vtp domain 5ijsjDomain name already set to 5ijsj.Client1(config)#vtp mode client Device mode already VTP CLIENT.Client1(config)#vtp password 123456Password already set to 123456Client1(config)#int fa0/1Client1(config-if)#sw access vlan 10Client1(config-if)#exitClient1(config)#int fa0/2Client1(config-if)#sw ac vlan 20Client1(config-if)#endClient1#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleClient1#show vtp status VTP Version : 2Configuration Revision : 8Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255Number of existing VLANs : 7VTP Operating Mode : ClientVTP Domain Name : 5ijsjVTP Pruning Mode : DisabledVTP V2 Mode : EnabledVTP Traps Generation : DisabledMD5 digest : 0x48 0x90 0xF1 0xBE 0x69 0xDA 0x0B 0x53 Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:43:40Client1#show vlanVLAN Name Status Ports- - - -1 default active Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22Fa0/24, Gig1/1, Gig1/210 VLAN0010 active Fa0/120 VLAN0020 active Fa0/21002 fddi-default act/unsup 1003 token-ring-default act/unsup 1004 fddinet-default act/unsup 1005 trnet-default act/unsupVLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2- - - - - - - - - - -1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 010 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 020 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 01002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0 1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0 1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0 1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0 Remote SPAN VLANs-Primary Secondary Type Ports- - - -Client1#3, VTP Client2配置Switch#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Switch(config)#hostname Client2Client2(config)#int fa0/24Client2(config-if)#switchport mode trunkClient2(config-if)#exitClient2(config)#vtp domain 5ijsjDomain name already set to 5ijsj.Client2(config)#vtp mode client Device mode already VTP CLIENT.Client2(config)#vtp password 123456Password already set to 123456Client2(config)#int fa0/1Client2(config-if)#sw access vlan 10Client2(config-if)#exitClient2(config)#int fa0/2Client2(config-if)#sw ac vlan 20Client2(config-if)#endClient2#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleClient2#show vtp status VTP Version : 2Configuration Revision : 8Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255Number of existing VLANs : 7VTP Operating Mode : ClientVTP Domain Name : 5ijsjVTP Pruning Mode : DisabledVTP V2 Mode : EnabledVTP Traps Generation : DisabledMD5 digest : 0x48 0x90 0xF1 0xBE 0x69 0xDA 0x0B 0x53 Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:43:40Client2#show vlanVLAN Name Status Ports- - - -1 default active Fa0/3, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22Fa0/23, Gig1/1, Gig1/210 VLAN0010 active Fa0/120 VLAN0020 active F