LectureSix教案首页.doc

重庆交通大学外国语学院精辟课程英美文学史及选读美国文学部分电子课件：第六讲Lecture Six教案首页学生专业班级外国语学院英语专业土木、机电、商贸、船舶方向学 时 数2教学目的1 了解三位美国19世纪浪漫主义诗人的生平和主要诗歌内容教学内容1 介绍朗费罗的生平及主要代表诗歌人生赞冲啊！。2 介绍惠特曼的生平和主要代表作船长哟，我的船长！自我之歌我听见美利坚在歌唱我歌唱带电似的肉体等。3 介绍艾米莉狄金森的生平和主要代表作成功的滋味最甜因为我不能为死神停下等。教学重点1 惠特曼激情澎湃如波涛冲击海岸的浪漫诗歌。2 狄金森独特的想象和句式。教学难点惠特曼和狄金森独特的诗歌表达方式教学进程1 十五分钟介绍朗费罗及其诗歌。2 半个小时介绍惠特曼，讲解其代表作。3 半个小时介绍狄金森，讲解其代表作。教学方法课堂讲解，集体讨论教 具多媒体课后总结1 惠特曼的激情澎湃2狄金森的独特思维视角作 业从惠特曼和狄金森的诗歌看诗歌的独创性备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。Lecture SixLongfellow(1807-1882) 1. Introduction to LongfellowHe was born February 27, 1807, in Portland, Maine. The variety of people and the activity of the harbors stirred the mind of the boy and gave him a curiosity about life beyond his own immediate experience. He was sent to school when he was only three years old. When he was six, the following report of him was received at home: Master Henry Longfellow is one of the best boys we have in school. He spells and reads very well. He can also add and multiply numbers. ”His father was eager to have his son become a lawyer. But when Henry was a senior at Bowdoin College at 19, the college established a chair of modern languages. The recent graduate was asked to become the first professor, with the understanding that he should be given a period of time in which to have land study in Europe.In May of 1826, he set out for Europe to turn himself into a scholar and a linguist. Between conferences with important people and courses in the universities, Longfellow walked through the countries. He stopped at small inns and cottages, talking to peasants, farmers, traders, his silver flute in his pocket as a passport to friendship. He traveled in Spain, Italy, France, Germany, and England, and returned to America in 1829. At 22, he was launched into his career as a college professor. He had to prepare his own texts, because at that time none were available.Just as he served America in making the world conscious of its legend and tradition, so he opened to his students and to the American people the literary heritage of Europe. He created in them the new consciousness of the literature of Spain, France, Italy, and especially writings from the German, Nordic页：2 斯堪的纳维亚的。, and Icelandic cultures.In 1831, he married Mary Storer Potter, whom he had known as a schoolmate. When he saw her at church upon his return to Portland, he was so struck by her beauty that he followed her home without courage enough to speak to her. With his wife, he settled down in a house surrounded by elm trees. He expended his energies on translations from Old World literature and contributed travel sketches to the New England Magazine, in addition to serving as a professor and a librarian at Bowdoin.In 1834, he was appointed to a professorship at Harvard and once more set out for Europe by way of preparation. This time his young wife accompanied him. The journey ended in tragedy. In Rotterdam, his wife died, and Longfellow came alone to Cambridge and the new professorship. The lonely Longfellow took a room at historic Craigie House, an old house overlooking the Charles River. It was owned by Mrs.Craigie, an eccentric woman who kept much to herself and was somewhat scornful of the young men to whom she let rooms. But she read widely and well, and her library contained complete sets of Voltaire and other French masters. Longfellow entered the beautiful old elm-encircled house as a lodger, not knowing that this was to be his home for the rest of his life. In time, it passed into the possession of Nathan Appleton. Seven years after he came to Cambridge, Longfellow married Frances Appleton, daughter of Nathan Appleton, and Craigie House was given to the Longfellows as a wedding gift.Meantime, in the seven intervening years, he remained a rather romantic figure in Cambridge, with his flowing hair and his yellow gloves and flowered waistcoats. He worked, however, with great determination and industry, publishing Hyperion, a prose romance that foreshadowed his love for Frances Appleton, and Voices of the Night, his first book of poems. He journeyed again to Europe, wrote The Spanish Student, and took his stand with the abolitionists, returning to be married in 1843.From his friend Nathaniel Hawthorne, Longfellow got a brief outline of a story from which he composed one of his most favorite poems, Evangeline. The original story had Evangeline wandering about New England in search of her bridegroom. Longfellow extended her journey through Louisiana and the western wilderness. She finds Gabriel, at last, dying in Philadelphia.Evangeline was published in 1847 and was widely acclaimed. Longfellow began to feel that his work as a teacher was a hindrance to his own writing. In 1854, he resigned from Harvard and with a great sense of freedom gave himself entirely to the joyous task of his own poetic writing. In June of that year, he began The Song of Hiawatha. The publication of Hiawatha caused the greatest excitement. For the first time in American literature, Indian themes gained recognition as sources of imagination, power, and originality. The appeal of Hiawatha for generations of children and young people gives it an enduring place in world literature.In 1861, the happy life of the family came to an end. Longfellows wife died of burns she received when packages of her childrens curls burst into flame. Longfellow faced the bitterest tragedy of his life. He found some solace in the task of translating Dante into English and went to Europe for a change of scene. The years following were filled with honors. He was given honorary degrees at the great universities of Oxford and Cambridge, invited to Windsor by Queen Victoria, and called by request upon the Prince of Wales. He was chosen a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and of the Spanish Academy.Longfellow died in Cambridge on March 24, 1882. In London his marble image is seen in Westminster Abbey, in the Poets Corner.II. Selected Reading A Psalm of Life Tell me not, in mournful numbers页：3 调子。,Life is but an empty dream!For the soul is dead that slumbers,And things are not what they seem. Life is real! Life is earnest!And the grave is not its goal;Dust thou art, to dust returnest,Was not spoken of the soul. Not enjoyment, and not sorrow,Is our destined end or way;But to act, that each tomorrowFind us farther than today. Art is long, and Time is fleeting,And our hearts, though stout and brave,Still, like muffled drums页：4 声音低沉的鼓。, are beatingFuneral marches to the grave. In the worlds broad field of battle,In the bivouac 页：4 露营。of Life,Be not like dumb, driven cattle!Be a hero in the strife! Trust no Future, howeer pleasant!Let the dead Past bury its dead!Act-act in the living Present!Heart within, and God oerhead! Lives of great men all remind usWe can make our lives sublime,And, departing, leave behind usFootprints on the sands of time;Footprints, that perhaps another,Sailing oer lifes solemn main,A forlorn and shipwrecked brother,Seeing, shall take heart again. Let us, then, be up and doing,With a heart for any fate;Still achieving, still pursuing,Learn to labor and to wait. Excelsior The shades of night were falling fast,As through an Alpine village passedA youth, who bore, mid snow and ice,A banner with the strange device, Excelsior! His brow was sad; his eye beneath,Flashed like a falchion 页：5 刀，剑。from its sheath,And like a silver clarion rungThe accents of that unknown tongue, Excelsior! In happy homes he saw the lightOf household fires gleam warm and bright;Above, the spectral glaciers shone,And from his lips escaped a groan, Excelsior! Try not the Pass! the old man said:Dark lowers the tempest overhead,The roaring torrent is deep and wide!And loud that clarion voice replied, Excelsior! Oh stay, the maiden said, and restThy weary head upon this breast!A tear stood in his bright blue eye,But still he answered, with a sigh, Excelsior! Beware the pine-trees withered branch!Beware the awful avalanche!This was the peasants last Good-night,A voice replied, far up the height, Excelsior! At break of day, as heavenwardThe pious monks of Saint BernardUttered the oft-repeated prayer,A voice cried through the startled air, Excelsior! A traveller, by the faithful hound,Half-buried in the snow was found,Still grasping in his hand of iceThat banner with the strange device, Excelsior! There in the twilight cold and gray,Lifeless, but beautiful, he lay,And from the sky, serene and far,A voice fell, like a falling star, Excelsior! Walt Whitman (1819 - 1892) I. Introduction to WhitmanWalt Whitman was born on May 31, 1819, on the West Hills of Long Island, New York. His mother was barely literate. She never read his poetry, but gave him unconditional love. His father was a carpenter and builder of houses, and a stern disciplinarian. His main claim to fame was his friendship with Tom Paine, whose pamphlet Common Sense (1776), urging the colonists to throw off English domination was in his sparse library. It is doubtful that his father read any of his sons poetry, or would have understood it if he had. The senior Walt was too burdened with the struggle to support his ever-growing family of nine children, four of whom were handicapped.Young Walt, the second of nine, was withdrawn from public school at eleven to help support the family. At twelve he started to learn the printers trade, and fell in love with the written and printed word. He was mainly self-taught. He read voraciously, and became acquainted with Homer, Dante, Shakespeare and Scott early in life. He knew the Bible thoroughly, and as a God-intoxicated poet, desired to inaugurate a religion uniting all of humanity in bonds of friendship.In 1836, at the age of 17, he began his career as an innovative teacher in the one-room school of Long Island. He permitted his students to call him by his first name, and devised learning games for them in arithmetic and spelling. He continued to teach school until 1841, when he turned to journalism as a full-time career. He soon became editor for a number of Brooklyn and New York papers. From 1846 to 1847 Whitman was the editor of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle. He went to New Orleans in 1848, where he was editor for a brief time of the New Orleans Crescent. In that city he had become fascinated with the French language. Many of his poems contain words of French derivation. It was in New Orleans that he experienced at first hand the viciousness of slavery in the slave markets of that city.On his return to Brooklyn in the fall of 1848, he founded a Free Soil newspaper, the Brooklyn Freeman. Between 1848 and 1855 he developed the style of poetry that so astonished Ralph Waldo Emerson. When the poets Leaves of Grass reached him as a gift in July, 1855,Emerson thanked him for the wonderful gift and said that he rubbed his eyes a little to see if the sunbeam was no illusion. Walt Whitman had been unknown to Emerson prior to that occasion. The sunbeam that illuminated a great deal of Whitmans poetry was music. It was one of the major sources of his inspiration. Many of his four hundred poems contain musical terms, names of instruments, and names of composers. He insisted that music was greater than wealth, greater than buildings, ships, religions, paintings. In his final essay written one year before his death in 1891, he sums up his struggles of thirty years to write Leaves of Grass. The opening paragraph of his self-evaluation A Backward Glance Oer Traveld Road, begins with his reminiscences of the best of songs heard. His concluding comments again return to thoughts about music, saying that the strongest and sweetest songs remain yet to be sung.When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloomed and O Captain! My Captain! (1866) are two of his more famous poems. A poet who was ardently singing on life and himself, Whitman is today claimed as one of the few truly great American men of letters.II. Selected ReadingSong of Myself1I celebrate myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.I loafe and invite my soul,I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.My tongue, every atom of my blood, formd from this soul, this air,Born here of parents born here from parents the same, and their parents the same,I, now thirty-seven years old in perfect health begin,Hoping to cease not till death.I hear America SingingI hear America singing, the varied carols I hear,Those of mechanics, each one singing his as it should be blithe and strong,The carpenter singing his as he measures his plant or beam,The mason singing his as he makes ready for work, or leaves off work,The boatman singing what belongs to him in his boat, The deckhand singing on the steamboat deck,The shoemaker singing as he sits on his bench, The hatter singing as he stands,The wood-cutters song, The plowboys on his way in the morning, Or at noon intermission or at sundown,The delicious singing of the mother, Or of the young wife at work, Or of the girl sewing or washing,Each singing what belongs to him or her and to none else,The day what belongs to the dayat night the party of young fellows, robust, friendly,Singing with open mouths their strong melodious songs.I Sing the Body ElectricThe Bodies of men and women engirth me, and I engirth them,They will not let me off nor I them till I go with them andRespond to them and love them.(男男女女的人群围绕着我，我也围绕着他们，他们不让我离开，直到我同他们一起走，答应了他们）.The expression of the body of man or woman balks account,The male is perfect and that of the female is perfect.（男性或女性的肉体的表情难以说清，男性的肉体很完美，女性的肉体也很完美。）The expression of a well-made man appears not only in his face,It is in his limbs and joints also it is curiously in the joints of his hips and wrists,It is in his walk the carriage of his neck, the flex of his waist and knees dress does not hide him,The strong sweet supple quality he has strikes through the cotton and flannel;To see him pass conveys as much as the best poem perhaps more,You linger to see his back and the back of his neck and shoulder-side.（长得很好的男人的表情不仅显现在脸上，它也显现在四肢和关节上，奇怪的是在他的大腿和手腕的关节上，是在他的步态和头颈的姿势、他的腰身和膝盖的柔韧上，衣服不能把它遮挡，他所有的强健而美好的实质能将棉絮和毛葛戳穿，你看他走过便能获得最佳的享受，也许要胜过诗篇，你留恋地看他的背面，看他的头颈和肩膀的背面。）Ones Self I SingOnes self I sing, a simple separate person,Yet utter the word Democratic, the word En-Masse.Of physiology from top to toe I sing,Not physiognomy alone nor brain alone is worthy for the Muse, I say the form complete is worthier far,The Female equally with the Male I sing.Of Life immense in passion, pulse, and power,Cheerful, for freest action formd under the laws divine,The Modern Man I sing.(O Captain! My Captain!IO captain! my captain! our fearful trip is done;The ship has weathered every rack, the prize we sought is won;The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring.But O heart! heart! heart!O the bleeding drops of red!Where on the deck my captain lies,Fallen cold and dead.(啊，船长！我的船长！我们的可怕的航程已经终了，船只渡过了一个个难关，我们追求的目的已经达到，港口就在眼前，我听到了钟声，听到了人们狂热的呼喊，无数的眼睛在望着坚定的船，它威严而又勇敢；但是，心啊！心啊！心啊！鲜红的血在流淌！我的船长在甲板上躺着，他倒下死了，已经冰凉。）IIO captain! my captain! rise up and hear the bells;Rise up! for you the flag is flung, for you the bugle trills:For you bouquets and ribboned wreaths, for you the shores a-crowding:For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning.Here captain! Dear father!This arm beneath your head;It is some dream that on the deckYouve fallen cold and dead.（啊，船长！我的船长！请起来听听这钟声，起来呀旗帜在为你招展号角在为你哀鸣，花束和花环为你赞礼，人群为你挤满了海岸，他们向你呼唤，这些晃动的人群，朝你高昂着急切的脸；在这里，船长！亲爱的父亲！请把你的头枕着这只臂膀，在这甲板上，真像一场梦，你倒下了，已经冰凉。）IIIMy captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still;My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will.The ship is anchored safe and sound, its voyage closed and done:From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won!Exult, O shores! and ring, O bells!But I, with silent tread,Walk the spot my captain liesFallen cold and dead. （我的船长没有回答，他的嘴唇惨白而僵冷，我的父亲感觉不到我的臂膀，他已经没有脉搏和神经，船只安全而稳定地下锚了，它的航行已宣告完毕，胜利的船只从可怕的旅途中走来，达到了目的；欢呼啊，海岸，敲响啊，巨钟！但是我悲痛地踉跄，行走在甲板上，在那里我的船长躺着，他倒下死了，已经冰凉。）Emily Dickinson (1830 1886)I. Introduction to Emily DickinsonAmerican lyrical poet, a recluse, nicknamed the nun of Amherst - only seven of her 1800 poems were published during her lifetime, five of them in the Springfield Republican. Dickinson never married. She withdrew from social contact and devoted herself in secret into writing. Emily Dickinson was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, to a family well known for educational and political activity. Her father was a lawyer and treasurer of the local college. He also served in Congress. Dickinsons mother was a cold, religious, hard-working housewife, who suffered from depression. Her relationship with her daughter was distant. Later Dickinson wrote in a letter, that she never had a mother. Dickinson was educated at Amherst Academy (1834-47) and Mount Holyoke Female Seminary (1847-48). Around 1850 she started to compose poems The style of her first efforts was fairly conventional, but after years of practice she began to give room for experiments. Often written in the metre of hymns, her poems dealt not only with issues of death, faith and immortality, but with nature, domesticity, and the power and limits of language. From 1858 Dickinson