as与which引导的定语从句及定语从句关系代词和关系副词的区别教案.docx

个性化教案as与which引导的定语从句及定语从句关系代词和关系副词的区别适用学科英语适用年级高三适用区域适用版本区域课时时长（分钟）60分钟知识点1. as与which引导的定语从句2. 只能用which引导的定语从句3. 定语从句与状语从句的区别4. 定语从句的强调句型教学目标知识：1、掌握定语从句中非限制性定语从句的使用。 2、能准确使用关系词解答定语从句的相关问题。方法：要总结、熟记一些关系词在定语从句中的使用；要学会在实际中灵活运用。能力：1、能正确运用关系代词和关系副词在各类定语从句中。2、掌握并会分析句子成分，从而熟练解题。教学重点1.继续探讨关系词在非限制性定语从句中的应用2.通过对相似句型的比较及句子成分的分析，在一些特殊情况下，关系代词和关系副词如何进行选择教学难点as 引导的非限制性定语从句；定语从句中需要注意的特例。教学过程一、 复习预习1.关系代词的种类：关系代词: that, which, who, whose,关系副词: when, where, why 2. He talked about the schoosl and the teachers _he had visited .A. that B. which C.who D. whom 3. He talked about the schoosl and the teachers _he had visited .A. that B. which C.who D. whom 4.Thelost their way in the forest ,_made matters worse .A. that B. which C.where D. when5. This is the house where he has lived for 20 years .6. This is the house that he has lived in for 20 years .二、知识讲解知识点1：非限制性定语从句1. 关系代词在非限定性定语从句中的用法。指人做主语用who,作宾语用whom ，指地点用where，指时间when，指物只用which，不能用that，作定语用whose。e.g. He didnt see the film, which was very interesting .(不用that)2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句as 可以像which一样引导非限制性定语从句，用来代表整个句子的内容，它的先行词可以是名词，也可以是不定式短语或整个句子。as 在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。此外，有些as 引导的定 语从句已成为固定用法，如：As we know As has been said before 如上所述As is known to all As is often the case 像通常那样As is reported As was expected 正如预料的那样Eg： She is very careful, as her work shows. As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.3. 重点比较 as 和which 引导的非限制性定语从句的联系和区别 as 和which 都可以代替整个句子，当定语从句置于主句之后时，as和which可以和互换。Eg：He didnt tell me any news, as/which upset me. Which引导的从句，代表的前面的整个主句时，不能放在主句之前。而as 引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时，可以放在主句之前或之后，有时也可以放在主语和谓语之间。Eg：As is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. = Talks between the two countries, as is reported in the newspapers, are making progress.4. as与that的区别As 引导的定语从句表示它的内容与主句所讲的内容相似，即指同类事物；that 引导定语从句表示的内容与主句相同，即为同一事物。e.g. This is the same pen that I lost yesterday .这正是我昨天丢的钢笔。 This is the same pen as I lost yesterday .这正像我昨天丢的钢笔。5. such .as 和 the sameas 的用法such .as： 像.一样的，像.之类；the sameas： 和.同样的 在这两个句型中，as是关系代词，such和same 作定语，修饰主语里的某个名词（或代词），这个名词是由as引导的定语从句的先行词，as在从句中可担任主语、宾语或表语。Eg： We have found such materials as are used in their factory.( 在从句中作主语) I seldom give my students such a difficult problem as they cannot work out.（在从句中作宾语） The result is not the same as they had expected.( 在从句中作宾语)6. the same as和 the same that的用法区别the sameas:和.相同（代指同类事物）；the same that：和.相同（代指同一事物）两者都引导定语从句。as 从句中说明的名词与the same 修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个。that从句中说明的名词与the same 修饰的名词是同一个。Eg：He is reading the same book that you bought yesterday.He is reading the same book as you bought yesterday.This is the same pen that I lost. =This is the pen that I lost.(指同一支笔)This is the same (kind/type/sort) of pen as I lost.（指同类型的笔，但并不是我丢失的那一支）知识点2：同位语从句与定语从句区别同位语从句和定语从句结构相似，通常位于某一名词或代词之后，但两者存在明显区别：同为语从句：其对名词性成分加以补充说明，是该名词性成分具体内容的体现（相当于名词的作用）。that 引导的同位语从句中引导词that不在该同位语从句中充当成分，但不能被省略，同位语从句还可以用whether,how等连词引导（定语从句则不能）。定语从句: 对先行词加以限制或修饰，说明先行词的性质或特征（相当于一个形容词的作用），定语从句的引导词均在该定语从句中充当成分（that在其引导的限定性定语从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，充当定语从句的宾语，that可以省略）注意体会一下三组例句.（1） 第一组1)We cant solve the problem how we can travel faster than light .我们解决不了如何才能超过光的速度这个问题。2)I cant remember the problem that they have.我记不得他们的问题了。(2)第二组1）I wont believe the fact that he lied to his mother.我不愿相信他对他母亲撒谎的事实2) I wont believe the fact (that) he told me .我不愿相信他告诉我的事实。（3）第三组1) The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。 2)The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告诉我的消息是汤姆来年将出国。知识点3：定语从句中的主谓一致问题1. I, who am your friend, will help you. 2. The student who is playing basketball is my classmate.The only one The one of + c/n pl. 定从 + 单三One of + c/n pl. 定从+ 复数1.He is the only one of the students who works hard. 2.He is one of the students who work hard.知识点4：插入语问题1. I think you should ring Tom, who (Im afraid) will not come.2. He bought a coat, which (I think )is very expensive.知识点5：分隔式定语从句- 找准先行词Days are gone when we could swim in the clever river near our house.There is a man outside the door who wants to see you. 知识点6：关系代词与人称代词 指示代词的转换He has three sons, all of whom are doctors. He has three sons ,and all of them are doctors.He failed in the exam, which made his mother angry.He failed in the exam, and that/ it made his mother angry.有并列连词 and, but, so 选人称代词，无并列连词选关系代词知识点7：先行词+关系词=whatHe is no longer what he used to be.He is no longer the man that he used to be知识点8：定语从句与地点状语从句Please put the book where you can find it easily 地点状语从句Please put the book in the place where you can find it easily. ( in which )知识点9： 定语从句与强调句It is + 名词 that （which）定从It is + 介词+名词 that 从句 （强调句）e.g. that he was born in which . 定语从句It is the place in which Where he was born It is in the place that he was born. 强调句知识点10：当先行词是way，表示方式方法时，引导词可用in which，that ，that可省略。This is the way in which that I study English. I dont like the way that/ in which / 空格 you treat her.I dont like the way which/ that/ 空格 you told me . 考点/易错点1定从与what引导的名词性从句的转换Please tell me everything that/ 空格 you know.Please tell me what you know .宾从 Please tell me what has happened .考点/易错点2定语从句与强调句It is + 名词 that （which）定从It is + 介词+名词 that 从句 （强调句）e.g. that he was born in which . 定语从句It is the place in which Where he was born It is in the place that he was born. 强调句考点/易错点3抽象地点名词 Stage, occasion, point, case, activity这类词做先行词如果缺状语 wheree.g. I can think of many cases where drivers know traffic rules but dont follow them. We have reached a point where a change is needed.They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A which B that C / D where.三、例题精析【例题1】【题干】Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. whichD. he 【答案】C【解析】 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。 【例题2】【题干】I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 【答案】C【解析】 因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。考查定语从句。根据后面的时间短语at that moment可知occasion指时间，故要使用关系副词when，相当于at which time.【例题3】【题干】_ is often the case with elder people, my grandma, talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop.A. That B. Which C. As D. It【答案】C【解析】解析：as引导的非限制性定语从句 四、课堂运用【基础】1. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though 答案和解析B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句.2. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose 答案和解析A. he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that.3.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it 答案和解析B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.4.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that答案和解析C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语5.He is good at English, _we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what答案和解析B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.【巩固】6.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which答案和解析 C. as引导定语从句时通常构成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.7.This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked答案和解析A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。8.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked答案和解析 A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。9.He isnt such a man _he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as答案和解析 D. such as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.10.I dont like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels答案和解析C. as引导定语从句时通常构成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a.,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.【拔高】11.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done.A.