饮食文化及谚语.doc

饮食文化（CateringCulture）及谚语烹调术 cookery 色、香、味 color， aroma and taste 佐料 seasoning 刀功 slicing technique 清炒 plain-frying 煸 stir-frying 爆 quick-frying 炸 deep-frying 煎 pan-frying 焙 roasting 清蒸 steaming 氽 quick-boiling 熏 smoking 腌 salting 食谱 recipe 回锅肉 twice-cooked pork slices in brown sauce 炸猪排 fried pork chop 北京烤鸭 roast Beijing duck 什锦炒蔬 stir-fried mixed vegetables 酸辣汤 hot and sour soup 鸡茸蘑菇汤 cream of mushroom with chicken 主食 staple food 馒头 steamed bread 米饭 steamed rice 扬州炒饭 Yangchow fried rice 冷面 cold noodle 炒米粉 fried ground rice noodles炸酱面 noodles with fried brown sauce paste 油条 fried twisted stick 锅贴 pan-fried dumping 花卷 steamed twisted roll 小笼包子 steamed meat dumpling 粽子 rice dumpling wrapped in reed leaves 黑啤 dark beer 黄酒/花雕酒 yellow rice wine 烈酒 spitits/ strong liquor 白干 white liquor 佐餐酒 table wine （酒）加冰块的 on the rocks （酒）不加冰块的 straight up 小啜 sip 矿泉水 mineral water 红茶 black tea 清咖啡 black coffee 全脂/脱脂奶 whole/skim milk 酸奶 yoghurt 粟子 chestnut 马蹄梨 water chestnut 莲子 lotus seed 藕 lotus root 猕猴桃 kiwi fruit 山楂 haw (= hawthorn)枣 Chinese date餐前开胃点心 appretizer 主菜 main course 附菜 side dish 餐后甜食 dessert 什锦色拉 mixed fruit salad with ham 什锦水果圣代 mixed fruit sundae 民族风味餐 ethnic food 小吃 snack 冷盘 cold dish 点心 pastry 餐桌圆转盘 Lazy Susan PRACTICE Translate the following passage into English 评判中餐烹调的优劣可依据中餐的三大要素，即“色、香、味”。“色”作为“色、香、味”三要素中的首要标准，充分体现在宴会菜肴的装盘、摆放和图案上。最能显示色彩的是首先上桌的好道煞费苦心而精心制作的冷盘。“香”不仅是指鼻子对食物的直接感受，它还包括所选原料的新鲜成度以及佐料的合理搭配。 “味”则体现了恰到好处的调味艺术，当然它也包括食物的质地，以及切菜的刀功。色、香、味这三大要素的高品质，只有通过选料、调料、适时烹调、把握火候、装盘上桌这些微妙步骤的细心协调，才能取得。谚语作为一种以简单通俗的语言来表达深刻道理的语句，常为人们所引用。千百年来各国之间或多或少的文化交流，往往会使一个民族的谚语跨越疆界，广为流传于其它民族。许多谚语流传甚广，早已为我们所熟知。因此，谚语的口译并非是一道不可逾越的障碍。谚语的口译大致可分为三种类型，一种是“形同意合”的口译，第二种是“形似意合”的口译，第三种是“形异意合”的口译。 一、形似意合的谚语 1. A new broom sweeps clean.新官上任三把火。 2. All roads lead to Rome./ All rivers run into the sea.殊途同归。 3. As a man sows, so he shall reap.种瓜得瓜，和豆得豆。 4. A sparrow cannot understand the ambition of a swan.燕雀安知鸿鹄之志。 5. A straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe.身正不怕影儿斜。 6. A word spoken is past recalling.一言既出，驷马难追。 7. Beat the dog before the lion.杀鸡儆猴。 8 Better an open enemy than a false friend.明枪易躲，暗箭难防。 9. Diamond cut diamond.强中更有强中手。 10. Do one thing under cover of another.明修栈道，暗度陈仓。 11. Dogs bite in every country.天下乌鸦一般黑。 12. Every potter praises his pot.王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸。 13. Fine feathers make fine birds.佛要金装，人要衣装。 14. Gifts blind the eyes.拿了手短，吃了嘴软。 15. Good wine needs no bush.酒香不怕巷子深。 16. Have a card up ones sleeve.胸有成竹。 17. He cries wine and sells vinegar.挂羊头，卖狗肉。 18. He takes a spear to kill a fly.杀鸡用牛刀。 19. In for a penny, in for a pound.一不做，二不休。 20. It is better to be the head of a dog/lizard than the tail of a lion.宁为鸡首，不为牛后。 21. It is better to die than to live when life is a disgrace./ Better die with honor than live with shame.宁可玉碎，不为瓦全。 22. Judge not a book by its cover.人不可貌相，海不可斗量。 23. Kill two birds with one stone.一箭双雕。/一石二鸟。 24. Let sleeping dogs lie.勿打草惊蛇。 25. Love me, love my dog.爱屋及屋。 26. Much will have more.得陇望蜀。/得寸进尺。 27. Once bit, twice shy.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。 28. Peace on the forehead and war in the mind.口蜜腹剑。 29. Put the cart before the horse.本未倒置。 30. Speak of the devil( and he will appear).说曹操，曹操到。 31. Teach fish to swim.班门弄斧。 32. The pupil outdoes the master.青出于蓝而胜于蓝。 33. The same knife cuts bread and fingers.水能载舟，亦能覆舟。 34. The sauce is better than the fish.喧宾夺主。 35. There are plenty of fish in the sea.天涯何处无芳草。 36. There is no smoke without fire.无风不起浪。一、“形同意合”的谚语A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill.有情人终成成眷属。A man should not bite the hand that feeds him.不要恩将仇报。Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.情人眼里出西施。Business is business.公事公办。Facts speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。Fish in troubled waters. 浑水摸鱼。Friends must part.聚散离合总有时。/天下无不散之宴席。Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。Health is better than wealth.家有万贯财，不如一身健。Hedges have eyes, walls have ears.隔篱有眼，隔墙有耳。In time of peace prepare for war.居安当思危。Like father, like son.有其父，必有其子。Man proposes, God disposes.谋事在人，成事在天。Misfortunes never come alone.祸不单行。Money cant buy time.寸金难买寸光阴。More haste, less speed.欲速则不达。Out of office, out of danger.无官一身轻。Out of sight, out of mind./Far from eye, far from heart.眼不见为净。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。The style is the man.文如其人。Time and tide wait for no man.时不我待。/岁月无情。The remembrance of the past is the teacher of the future.前事不忘后事之师。/前车之覆，后车之鉴。To teach is to learn.教学相长。The tongue cuts the throat.祸从口出。/言多必失。 三、形异意合的谚语，这类谚语常常会被望“形”生“意”，造成误译。 1. A bad conscience is a snake in ones heart.做贼心虚。 2. Accidents will happen.天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。 3. A clear conscience is a sure card.为人不做亏心事，半夜不怕鬼敲门。 4. A hedge between keeps friendship green.君子之交淡如水。 5. All your swans are geese.事与愿违。 6. As you make the bed, so you must lie in it.自食其果。 7. A watched pot never boils.心急吃不了热豆腐。 8. Count ones chickens before they are hatched.盲目乐观。 9. Danger is next neighbor to security.塞翁失马，安知非福？ 10. Do in Rome as Romans do.入乡随俗。 11. Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.顺其自然。 12. Everybodys business is nobodys business.三个和尚无水吃。 13. Justice has long arms.天网恢恢，疏而不漏。 14. He knows most who speaks least./Still water runs deep.大智若愚。 15. Late fruit keeps well.大器晚成。 16. Many kiss the baby by the name of the nurses sake.醉翁之意不在酒。 17. Misfortune might be a blessing in disguises.祸兮福所倚，福兮祸所伏。 18. Names are debts.树大招风。 19. Nothing venture, nothing have.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。 20. Rest breeds rust.生命在于运动。 21. Rome was not built in a day.冰冻三尺非一日之寒。 22. Save your breath to cool your porridge.各人自扫门前雪，莫管他人瓦上霜。 23. Short pleasure, long lament.一失足成千古恨。 24. Stick together through thick and thin.患难