中考考点情态动词和助动词.doc

Period Ten情态动词和助动词重点掌握情态动词can, may, must, need等词在语境中的运用，情态动词在句子中常用来表示“能力，允许，禁止，意愿，可能”等情感或态度。掌握助动词do, will, shall, have, be在句中的作用。一、情态动词1. 情态动词的定义情态动词表示说话人对所述动作或状态的态度或看法。情态动词本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和动词一起构成谓语，在各种人称后都用同样的形式。2. 情态动词的用法(1) can的用法表示人或物本身所具有的能力，意为“能，能够，会”。 eg: Can you skate? 你会滑冰吗？She can speak a little Chinese. 她能讲一点儿汉语。表示可能性，意为“可能会”，常用于否定句或疑问句。 eg: Can it be true? 那会是真的吗？That cant be Mary; shes in hospital. 那不可能是玛丽；她住院了。 (2) could的用法 could可以表示过去的能力，若表示现在的能力时，语气比can委婉。 eg: She couldnt swim half a year ago. 她半年前不会游泳。What a good idea! Maybe I could talk about English names. 你的想法太好！也许我能谈谈英国人的名字问题。表示礼貌，常用在疑问句中，意为“能，可以”，答语一般用can。Could I borrow your bicycle? 我可以借一下你的自行车吗？Yes, you can./ No, you cant. 是的，可以。/不，不行。表示猜测、怀疑等态度，一般用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。对现在情况表示猜测时，could 比can更不确定，其结构为“can/could+动词原形”；对过去表示猜测时，结构为“can/could+ have+过去分词”。eg: You could be right, I suppose.我想可能是你对。 Dont worry. They could have just forgotten to phone. 别担心。他们很可能只是忘了打电话。 (3) may和might的用法 表示允许，用于肯定句。eg: You may come if you wish. 你要来就来吧。Passenges may cross by the footbridge. 乘客可使用步行桥。表示许可，用于疑问句。might是may 的过去式，比may语气委婉。eg: May I come in? 我可以进来吗？Might I make a suggestion ? 我可以提个建议吗？表示客观不可能性。 eg: Take an umbrella with you. It may rain. 带上雨伞，可能会下雨。 (4) must的用法 must表示“必须”时多用于肯定句或疑问句，其否定回答用neednt；，用于否定句时，表示“不应该，不许可，不准，禁止”。eg: I must go to the bank to get some money. 我得到银行去取些钱。Cars mustnt park in front of the entrance. 入口处不得停放汽车。它在肯定句中，还可表示“推测”，意为“一定”。“must be” 表示对现在某事的推测； “must have done”表示对过去的推测；反意疑问时，要根据must后的be或have来做。 eg: You must be hungry after your long walk. 你走那么长的路，一定饿了吧。 She must have known what he wanted. 她当时肯定知道他需要什么。It must be Alice, isnt it? 那一定是艾丽斯的，不是吗？(5) need的用法 need用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句或疑问句中，意为“需要”。 eg: You neednt come until nine oclock. 你不需要在九点以前来。need用作实义动词时，其否定形式应借助于doesnt, dont 或didnt。疑问形式应借助于does, do或did。eg: Does he need a bike? 他需要一辆自行车吗？They need some help. 他们需要帮助。 (6) will和would的用法 表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求，用在疑问句中，一般用于第二人称。would比will的语气更委婉。eg: Will you open the window? 请打开窗户好吗？Would you like something to eat? 您想来点什么吃的吗？表示“意志，意愿”，可用于多种人称。would是will的过去式，表示过去时间的“意志，意愿”。 eg: Ill write as soon as I can. 我打算尽早写信。 Id be only too glad to help. 我非常愿意帮帮忙。表示习惯。eg: Whats the matter with the door? 这门怎么回事？It wont lock. 锁不上了。She would often come to my house to see me. 她从前经常来我家看我。表示事实、推断或某种倾向。eg: Thatll be the teacher now! 这准是老师来了。 Yesterday will not be called again. 光阴一去不复返。 (7) shall的用法 用于第一、三人称，表示征求对方的意愿。eg: What shall we do this weekend? 我们本周末干什么呢？Shall he wait outside? 让他在外面等吗？用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的意愿。eg: You shall have a new skirt for your birthday. 你过生日一定得有件新衬衫。 She shall get what she wants. 她会得到她想要的东西的。 (8) should的用法 表示责任和义务，意为“应该”。 eg: You shouldnt drink and drive. 你不应该喝酒后开车。You should tell the truth. 你应该说实话。表示肯定的推断。eg: We should arrive before dark. 我们按说能在天黑前到达。 There should be no person in the office. 办公室里可能没有人。 (9) 情态动词had better的用法“had better+动词原形”，意为“最好”，表示劝告、建议等。eg: Youd better finish your homework now. 你最好现在就完成作业。 Youd better not stand here. 你最好不要站在这儿。三、助动词1. 助动词的定义 助动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和动词一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态、语态等语法形式，或用来加强语气。常用的助动词有：be, do, have, shall, should, will, would等。 (1) 助动词be的用法“be+现在分词”构成进行时态。eg: Im listening to the teacher. 我正在听老师讲课。What were you doing when I telephoned you yesterday? 昨天我给你打电话的时候，你正在做什么？“be+过去分词”构成被动语态。 eg: English is spoken by many people. 许多人讲英语。The things on show were all used a hundred years ago. 展览的东西都是一百年前使用过的东西。“be+动词不定式”表示计划要做的事情。eg: The telegram was to say that shed be late. 电报说她可能晚到。He is to arrive at six this morning. 她应在今天早上六点到达。 “be+ going to do sth.”表示“将要做什么”。 eg: She is going there by train. 她打算坐火车去那儿。 Who are you going with? 你和谁一起去？ (2) 助动词have的用法“have+过去分词”构成现在完成时态。当主语是第三人称单数时，用助动词has。“had+过去分词”构成过去完成时态。 eg: Has he returned his library book yet? 他还了图书馆的书了吗？She had lived in America for ten years before she came to China. 她来中国之前，曾在美国住了十年。“have to do sth.”意为“不得不做某事”，含有不情愿的意思。 eg: Mary had to go to school on foot yesterday, because her bike was broken. 玛丽昨天不得不走着去上学，因为她的自行车坏了。He has to stay at home alone. 他不得不独自一人呆在家里。(3)助动词do 的用法 构成疑问句和否定句。 eg: He didnt come to see me yesterday. 他昨天没来看我。What do the boats look like? 那些船看起来像什么？用在动词原形前面，表示加强语气。 eg: He does do it like that. 他确实像那样做了。Do come and see me. 一定要来看我。用于替代前面的动词，以避免重复。eg: She likes music more than I do. 她比我更喜欢音乐。Lily, Did you wash your clothes? 莉莉，你洗了你的衣服了吗？Yes, I did. 是的，我洗了。 (4) 助动词shall 和will的用法shall/will+动词原形，构成一般将来时表示未来情况。eg: I shall not be back tonight. 今天晚上我不回来。We will finish it by Saturday. 我们将在星期六完成它。 (5) 助动词should和could的用法should和would分别是shall和will的过去式，“should/would+动词原形”构成过去将来时。eg: I didnt know if she would come. 我不知道她是否会来。I said that I should be glad to help. 我说过我很愿意帮助。四、巩固练习1. Alice has been in China for several years. She B be a big girl now. A. need B. must C. can D. may (2005. 杭州)2. B I have to show the school report to how my parents, Miss King? Yes, you do. A. Must B. Do C. Can D. May (2005. 济南)3. Youd better go and ask Mr. Wang. He B know to search the Internet. A. can B. may C. would D. could (2005. 宁夏)4. The magazines B to the library in two weeks. A. must return B. must be returned C. returned D. must be returning (2005. 广东)5. Cars, buses and bikes C stop when the traffic lights change to red. A. can B. may C. must D. need (2005. 上海市)6. I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go here. No, she A be there. I have just been there. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wouldnt (2005. 盐城)7. Can you go swimming with us this afternoon? Sorry, I cant. I D take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill. A. can B. may C. would D. have to (2005. 南京)8. May I go to the cinema, Mum? Certainly. But you C be back by 11 oclock. A. can B. may C. must D. need (2005. 安徽)9. Could I look at your pictures? Yes, of course you B . A. could B. can C. will D. might (2005. 武汉) 10. Lets go to Taishan park by taxi. Its not far. We A take a taxi. A. neednt B. cant C. mustnt D. couldnt (2005. 泰州) 11. The weather is very cold. Wed D keep the door open. A. better not to B. not better C. not better to D. better not (2005.