2012年高考英语《非谓语动词》教案.doc

非谓语动词（二）教案一、教学目标1、非谓语动词的重点考点； 2、非谓语动词的易错考点。二、教学重难点1、教学重点：非谓语动词的重点考点；2、教学难点：非谓语动词的易错考点。三、教学过程（一）问题排行榜（Hit the charts）1、非谓语动词的重点考点都有哪些？ 2、非谓语动词都有哪些易错考点？（二）攻克难点（Overcome difficulties）1、非谓语动词的重点考点都有哪些？ 高考考点聚焦：1.非谓语动词做状语2.非谓语动词做定语考点一. 非谓语动词的逻辑主语_ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. (2011辽宁卷30) A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering1. Its adj. for / of sb. to do sth.句型中的不定式的逻辑主语为“sb.”。2. 非谓语动词作状语时，他们的逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语。当非谓语动词的动作由句子主语发出时，非谓语动词用主动形式；当非谓语动词的动作是句子主语所承受时，用过去分词或不定式、动词的ing形式的被动形式。3. “代词主格或名词的普通格 非谓语动词”构成独立主格结构。非谓语动词的逻辑主语为代词或名词。4动名词复合结构由“物主代词或名词所有格动名词”构成独立主格结构。这种结构既可用作主语，也可用作宾语，但作宾语时，还可用代词宾格或名词普通格动名词结构。5不定式的复合结构：for sb. to do sth.。考点二.独立成分作状语_you the truth, I feel like _ to bed now.A. Telling; going B. To tell; going C. Telling; to go D. To tell; to go非谓语动词作独立成分的有： judging by/ from, provided/ providing, given, to be true, to tell you the truth等。考点三.非谓语动词的时态例1：Claire had her luggage _ an hour before her plane left. (2011陕西卷14) A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked例2：The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house. (2011新课标卷27) A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen动词不定式一般表示在谓语动作之后的事情，要表示发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的事情，须用不定式的完成式；动词的ing形式一般表示与谓语动词动作同时进行的动作，若要表示发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的事情，须用动词的ing形式的完成式。考点四.非谓语动词的句法功能1. 作主语、表语： 动名词表示一般性、经常性的动作。不定式表示一次性的动作。动名词、不定式作主语常用it作其形式主语，但no use, no good作表语时，真正主语常用动名词。2. 作宾语： (1)有些动词只跟动名词作宾语 常用的这类动词有： mind, finish, enjoy, excuse, imagine, keep, practice, suggest, miss, consider, prevent, appreciate, advise, avoid, allow, admit, delay, escape, permit, forbid等。(2)有些动词只跟不定式作宾语常用的这类动词有： want, wish, hope, expect, agree, decide, learn, pretend, ask, promise, plan, refuse, beg, demand, manage, offer, prepare, claim, struggle等。 (3)remember, forget, regret后接动名词和不定式的区别：后接动名词表示先于谓语动词的动作；后接不定式表示后于谓语动词的动作。(4)want, need, require和deserve后接动名词和不定式的用法：当它们后面所接的动词与句子的主语是动宾关系时，用动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式。(5)在try, stop, mean, go on, cant help后，用动名词和不定式所表达的含义不同，要注意：try doing sth. 试着做某事try to do sth. 尽力做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事stop to do sth. 停下来做另一件不同的事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事mean to do sth. 打算做某事go on doing sth. 继续做刚做的事go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事cant help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事3. 作宾语补足语： 例1： Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams.(2011重庆卷33) A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind例2： Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words. (2011浙江卷14) A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost熟悉并掌握哪些动词或短语如advise, allow, like, wish, want, help等须接不定式作宾语补足语；哪些动词或短语如find, suggest, lead to等可接动词的ing形式作宾语补足语；哪些动词或短语如feel, see, watch, hear, have 等既可接动词的ing形式又可接过去分词作宾语补足语；何时用主动形式作宾语补足语，何时用被动形式或过去分词作宾语补足语，一般由非谓语动词与宾语的关系确定。4. 作定语： 例1：On receiving a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.(2011江西卷32) A. says B. said C. saying D. to say例2：Tsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. (2011福建卷23) A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded(1)注意非谓语动词的形式，不定式作定语一般用主动式，只有当不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语或宾语时，才用被动式；现在分词作定语表示主动意义，动作正在进行；过去分词一般表示被动、完成含义。(2) 非谓语动词的位置：非谓语动词短语作定语时，都要放在所修饰的词之后；单个的动词的ing形式或过去分词作定语时，一般放在所修饰的词之前。不及物动词的不定式作定语，与修饰的名词构成动宾关系时，不及物动词后面的介词不能丢。5. 不定式与现在分词作结果状语的区别： 不定式、现在分词都能表示结果，其区别是：不定式一般表示出乎意料的结果，不定式前常用only修饰；而动词的ing形式表示自然或必然的结果。More highways have been built in China, _ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. (2011陕西卷20) A. making B. made C. to make D. having made考点五.不定式to的省略1. 动词see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make 接不定式作宾补时，不定式的to须省略，但句子变为被动语态时，不定式的to不能省略。2. why, would rather, had better, may as well, cannot (help / choose) but等后须跟省to的不定式。3. 介词but, except等前若有行为动词do, 其后常用省to的不定式作宾语；若没有行为动词do, 则用带to的不定式。4. 不定式作表语时，若主语中有行为动词do 的某一形式时，不定式的to可有可无。例1： It was a pity that the famous painter died _ his painting unfinished. A. of B. fromC. out D. with例2：With his mother _ him, he is getting on well with his work. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped考点六. with 复合结构在句中一般作状语和定语，常见形式有：1“with+名词/代词+介词短语”。The man was walking on the street, with a book under his arm. 2. “with+名词/代词+形容词”。He likes to sleep with the door open.3. “with+名词/代词+副词”。The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on. 4. “with+名词/代词+名词”。He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul.5. “with+名词/代词+done”。在此结构中，过去分词和宾语是被动关系，表示动作已经完成。With the problem solved, he went out to play. 6. “with+名词/代词+ing分词”。此结构强调名词是ing分词的动作的发出者或某动作、状态正在进行。He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him. 7. “with+宾语+to do”。此结构中，不定式和宾语是被动关系，表示尚未发生的动作。With nothing to do, Ill go out for a walk in the park.（三）方法列举（List methods）2、非谓语动词都有哪些易错考点？非谓语动词作定语 盲点一：不定式(to do)，现在分词(v-ing)和过去分词(v-ed)做定语的区别【真题导航】 We are invited to a party _in our club next Friday （2009山东）. A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holdingWe are invited to a party _in our club yesterday.We are invited to a party _in our club now.A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding盲点二：动词不定式主动形式(to do)和被动形式(to be done)做定语的区别技巧点拨：关键看不定式的动作是否由句子的主语来完成的。注意：动词不定式主动形式(to do)做定语是高考的常考点和重点。非谓语动词做状语盲点三：to do 做目的状语和现在分词(v-ing)做状语的区别解题支招 ： to do 做目的状语不能用逗号和前面隔开。【陷阱题】Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _ reduce unemployment pressures. （2009江苏） A. help B. to have helped C. to help D. having helped盲点四：分词的一般式（v-ing）和完成式（having done）用法区别The storm left, _ a lot of damage to this area. （2005全国卷I） A. caused B. causing C. to cause D. having caused【姊妹题】It rained heavily in the south, _serious flooding in several provinces. (2010天津) A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause 方法点拨：方法一：判断分词动作和主句动作发生的前后顺序 方法二：状语从句还原法【练一练】_（bite） twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. (2009北京）=Because the postman had been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.盲点五：only +to do 做结果状语和现在分词（v-ing）做结果状语的区别。小结 ：only+ to do表示意料之外的结果；现在分词（doing)表示意料之中的结果。盲点六：分词作状语和独立主格的区别： 难点内容：用分词做状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，否则，就应使用状语从句，或者调整句子的主语用独立主格结构，with的复合结构。（）Given more help, the project will be completed earlier. 改: If we are given more help, the project will be completed earlier.(状语从句)Given more help, we will complete the project earlier.（调整主语）Broken his leg, he couldnt go to school. 改: His leg broken, he couldnt go to school.（独立主格结构） He couldnt go to school with his leg broken.（with的复合结构）不定式常作目的状语，分词常作其他状语，它们的逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。1.Seeing from the top of the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 2. Not knowing her address, so I cant get in touch with her.3. Being dark, she didnt dare to go out alone.句型转换：将下列句子变为独立主格结构。4. When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.=_, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.5. When all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.=_, they began their dinner.盲点七：非谓语动词的否定式小结：not和非谓语动词连用，要放在非谓语动词的前面。即：not to do; not doing; not done1.不定式(to do)，现在分词(v-ing)和过去分词(v-ed)做定语的区别不定式表将来，现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成。2.动词不定式主动形式(to do)和被动形式(to be done)做定语的区别.关键看不定式的动作是否由句子的主语来完成的。3. to do 做目的状语和现在分词(v-ing)做状语的区别：to do 做目的状语不能用逗号和前面隔开。4.分词的一般式（v-ing）和完成式（having done）用法区别方法一：判断分词动作和主句动作发生的前后顺序 方法二：状语从句还原法5. only +to do 做结果状语和现在分词（v-ing）做结果状语的区别。only+ to do表示意料之外的结果；现在分词（doing)表示意料之中的结果。6.非谓语动词的否定式not和非谓语动词连用，要放在非谓语动词的前面。即：not to do; not doing; not done7.分词作状语和独立主格的区别：用分词做状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，否则，就应使用状语从句，或者调整句子的主语用独立主格结构，with的复合结构。（四）能力拓展（Develop skills）1、【2011全国卷,27】The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.A.rose B.rising C. to rise D.risen【答案】B【考点】考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。【解析】句意为“接下来我们看到的是烟雾从房子的后面冒出来。”rise升起来和see看到这两个动作是同时发生的，因此选择现在进行的形式表示非谓语动词动作和谓语动词动作同时发生。选B。2、【2011全国卷II,15】The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined【答案】C【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“因为有一座桥与大陆连接，那个岛屿很容易去。”join是及物动词，但空格后没有宾语，故使用join的过去分词形式，充当表示状态或性质的形容词用，选项A、B、D都是主动式，需要后接宾语，因此排除。选C。3、【2011全国卷II,18】Sarah pretended to be cheerful, nothing about the argument. A. says B. said C. to say D. saying【答案】D【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“Sarah假装开心，对那次争论什么也没说。”A和B项是谓语动词形式，句中没有连词，故排除；C项是作目的状语，而句中是伴随状态，故选D。4、【2011北京卷,25】Its important for the figures regularly.A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated【答案】A【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“经常更新这些数值很重要。”B和D项表示发生过的某件具体的事，但句尾的regularly表示经常发生的事，故用一般现在时。for引出的逻辑主语the figures与update存在着被动关系，故选A。5、【2011北京卷,33】Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet.A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept【答案】B【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“Emma，你坐下吧。老这么站着你会累的。”A项to keep是表示将来。C项having kept和D项to have kept表示动作先发生。make yourself more tired与keeping on you feet同时进行，故选B。6、【2011天津卷,7】Passeagers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried【答案】A【考点】考查非谓语动词。【解析】句意为“旅客只可以随身携带一件行李登机。”permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，句中是被动语态，Passeagers是carry的逻辑主语，用主动式，故选A。7、【2011天津卷,12】 into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated【答案】B【考点