高中英语单项选择题解题指导.doc

单项选择题解题指导常熟市尚湖高级中学 邵惠科Teaching aim:Help students to do well in multiple choices through the application of strategies.Teaching Importance and Difficulties: How can students learn the proper application of strategies to do better in multiple choices.Teaching Procedures: Step 1: Lead in:Get some students to tell how they manage to get high scores in multiple choices.Step 2: Instruction: I. 高考英语单项选择题命题趋势:1.Easy-approaching近几年高考单项填空题基本体现了“知识化，语境化和交际化”的特点，没有出现以前所谓的偏怪难题。题干大部分比较灵活简短，语境自然。这是第一个特点。【例】We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _? A. do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we2.Wide coverage with highlights考查点的覆盖面越来越广泛，但又做到了重点突出。这主要体现在复合句和非谓语动词的考查及名词和动词用法的考查上。【例】_ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog. A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten3.Being situational试题的立意由简单直接的“结构立意”转向复杂间接的“情景立意”。试题设置的语境明确，交际情景多是发生在学生学习或日常生活的真实情况。【例】- Hi, Terry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? - Sorry. _.A. Its repaired B. It has been repaired C. Its being repaired D. It had been repaired4.Complicated structure题干变得较长，题干句的语义结构趋于复杂化，语言信息量越来越大，但是有效信息由外现转为隐藏。这主要体现在非谓语动词和动词时态的考查上。【例】The biggest problem for most plants, which _ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. A. shant B cant C. neednt D. mustnt5.Large vocabulary语义辨析和语义识别题越来越多，不但加强了对语义的考查，而且加重对词汇扩展能力的考查。【例】China has got a good _ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledgeII. 命题趋势分析总结：1）纯语法的试题会减少；2）基础知识考查的覆盖面会越来越广；3）语境会更加突出；4）注重考查学生综合运用英语能力及逻辑推理能力；5）加大词义辨析（特别是动词和动词短语辨析）的考查。III. 高考单项分类突破1.辨析型单项填空辨析型单项填空题是指通过对试题选项中的词汇短语的形式和意义进行辨析，从而根据句子的意义对选项作出正确的判断和选择。此类题型往往考查对名词动词代词形容词副词介词及短语意义和应用的辨析。1）词义辨析【例1】The loss has not yet been _ accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars. A. calculated B. considered C. completed D. controlled 【例2】Compared with his sister, Jerry is even more _ to, and more easily troubled by emotional and relationship problems. A. skeptical B. addicted C. available D. sensitive2）词性辨析：【例1】_ had I done it when I knew I had made a mistake.A. Hardly B. Directly C. Mostly D. Nearly【例2】_ I meet Mary in the street, she will greet me with a smile.A. Before B. Surely C. Each time D. For3）短语辨析：包括：动词与不同的介词副词搭配；介词短语搭配等。【例1】It is reported that the police will soon _ the case of two missing children. A. look upon B. look after C. look into D. look out【例2】- Im surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have _. - So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.A. broken up B. finished upC. divided up D. closed up主要动词短语测试与take相关占据；从事 接管，接替 雇佣；呈现 与相像 吸收；欺骗 与break相关爆发；发生 崩溃；出故障 分散；结束 中断；停止 破门而入 与bring相关引起；造成 抚养；呕吐 提出；使提前 降低（价格） 引进；赚得 与put相关搁置；存储 收好；打消 扑灭；出版 提出；提议 2.结构型单项填空考查考生对英语句子结构的把握情况。表现：句子某些成分的省略；标点符号的识别；倒装或插入其他成分使句子前后分离等，因而引起句子结构的变化，扰乱考生对句子成分的判断。1）有省略的复合句-补全法由于宾语从句或定语从句中谓语部分行为动词的省略，致使考生对不定式状语产生误解。答题方法：尽量把省略部分补全，这有助于正确地确定答案。【例1】 - What made you so happy ? - _. A. Because of my passing the exam B. I passed the exam C. Because I passed the exam D. My passing the exam【例2】 - Where did you get to know her? - It was on the farm _ we worked. A. that B. there C. which D. where2）标点符号提示： 由于受汉语习惯的影响，考生往往不注意标点符号，从而弄错句子结构。 【例1】Mary, _ here - everybody else, stay where you are. A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming【例2】Soon they came to a farm house; _ roof was much higher than the others. A. which B. whose C. that D. its【例3】I have many friends, _ some are businessmen. A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom3）插入语的影响-简化法有些句子插入了某些成分，从而使句子结构支离破碎，造成考生对句子结构的误解。解决方法：去掉插入语或附加的次要成分，就会迅速地找到答案。【例1】Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _ reduce unemployment pressures. A. help B. to have helped C. to help D. having helped【例2】E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play3.逻辑型单项填空考查范围：主谓一致，意义一致，人称一致，谓语动词和逻辑主语一致等。【例1】_ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given【例2】_ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.A. Competing B. Having completed C. To have completed D. To complete4.语境型单项填空在一定的语境进行语法知识和语言知识的考查，是近年高考试题中常见的题目，这就要求考生一定要以语境为切入点，认真思考，仔细分析，确定正确答案。【例1】- Ann is in hospital. - Oh, really? I _ know. I _ go and visit her. A. didnt; am going to B. dont; would C. dont; will D. didnt; will【例2】- Its the office! So you _ know eating is not allowed here. - Oh, sorry. A. must B. will C. may D. need5.交际型单项填空考查范围：问答情况，请求与建议，表示祝愿，道歉，感谢，表达意见，观点等。【例1】- Bill, can I get you anything to drink? - _. A. You are welcome B. No problem C. I wouldnt mind a coffee D. Doesnt matter.【例2】- Putting on a happy face not only helps us make friends but also makes us feel better. - _. A. Id love to B. Im with you on that C. Its up to you D. Its my pleasure【例3】- Ken, _, but your TV is going too loud. - Oh, Im sorry. Ill turn it down right now.A. Id like to talk with you B. Im really tired of thisC. I hate to say this D. I need your help【例4】Im amazed to hear from my school teacher again. _, it is ten years since we met lastA. In a word B. Whats more C. Thats to say D. Believe it or not6.其它解题方法注意连词的提示有时一个连词会使句子结构发生改变,因此答题时要注意题干中的连词.【例1】 His teacher kept on telling him that he should read English in the morning, but _ didnt work.A. he B. which C. it D. all【例2】_ it with me and Ill see what I can do. A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave转化法所谓“转化法”就是把有些复合句、被动句、疑问句、倒装句、感叹句、强调句等转化为便于理解的简单句、主动句、陈述句等。1）将疑问句转化成陈述句【例】Whom is it up to _ the matter?A. decide B. to decide C. deciding D. decided2）转被动句为主动句【例1】Time should be made good use of _ our lessons well. A learning B learned C to learn D learns【例2】Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. A to invent B inventing C to have invented D having invented. 3）将强调句式转化成一般句式【例】It was _ that resulted in the terrible car accident. A. because of her carelessness B. her being careless C. because she was careless D. she was so careless4）感叹句转化为陈述句【例】 what little Tom said to his mother sounded! A. what reasonable B. How a reasonable C. How reasonable D. What a reasonable5）将倒装语序转化成正常语序【例】Here is a note book, in which _ the names of the visitors. A. write B. written C. were written D. was written6）删除附加结构,将复杂句转化成简单句 【例】John plays football _, if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as7）将先行词还原到定语从句中【例】The study you have been making _ the ancient Chinese characters is an instructive job.A. to B. for C. of D. from8）还原省略成分【例】If the weather is fine, well go. If _, _. A. not, not B. no, no C. not, no D. no, notIV应试策略1）做题时，要认真研读题目，寻找关键的信息词、词组或句子。切忌死抠语法条条框框，要注意上下文的关系，根据题干所提供的语境来确定最佳答案。2）做题时，要仔细分析，正确理解，通过调整语序或简化句子找到设问角度，弄清命题意图。3）做题时，要结合语境，注意惯用法和固定搭配，既要注意同义词（组）间的语法差异，又要注意它们之间的意义差异。4）做题时，要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其是隐含于信息中的动词时间信息。发现和分析这些信息是解决问题的关键。V. 复习策略1）全面学习掌握语法基础知识。2）突出重点，不要平均用力。词法方面：动词及动词短语辨析，动词的时态、语态，非谓语动词；句法方面：复合句是重点，三大从句及关联词的使用是高考热点，也是复习的重点。3）注重在语境中运用知识。特别是词义辨析题，必须放在语境中去熟练运用。有了语境的衬托，单词短语的用法便会一目了然。Step 3: Exercise:单项选择:（以情景对话题为主）1. - May I have a look at your photo album?- Sure. _. Im not engaged at the moment anyway.A. It makes no differenceB. Take your timeC. Look at it slowlyD. I dont care at all2. - Excuse me!- _- How can I get to the nearest post office?A. Yes?B. Thats OK. C. Whats wrong?D. Pardon?3. - Mr. Smith, you are fined for over-speeding. Please sign here.- Fined? Over-speeding? _ A. Are you all right?B. You cant be serious! C. Im a foreigner.D. It doesnt matter.4. - Do you mind my smoking here?- _A. No, thanks.B. No. Good idea.C. Yes, please. D. Yes. Better not.5. - Good morning, Grand Hotel. - Hello, Id like to book a room for the nights of the 18th and 19th. - _ A. What can I do for you? B. Just a minute, please. C. Whats the matter? D. At your service.6. - I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her. - _. It was her fault. A. No way B. Not possible C. No chance D. Not at all7. - I had a really good weekend at my uncles. - _. A. Oh, thats very nice of you B. Congratulations C. Its a pleasure D. Oh, Im glad to hear that8. - Has Sam finished his homework today? - I have no idea. He _ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 9. - Hey, look where you are going! - Oh, Im terribly sorry. _.A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticingC. I havent noticed D. dont notice 10. - George and Lucy got married last week . Did you go to their wedding ? - No , I _. Did they have a big wedding ?A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadnt been invited D. didnt invite11. The house belongs to my aunt but she _ here any more. A. hasnt lived B. didnt liveC. hadnt lived D. doesnt live12. - Your job _ open for your return.- Thanks.A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept13. - Where did you put the car keys?- Oh, I _ I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I _ in.A. remembered; comeB. remembered; was comingC. remember; comeD. remember; was coming14. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ at the garage. A. will be repairedB. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired15. The price _, but I doubt whether it will remain so. A. went downB. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down16. After he became conscious, he remembered _ and _ on the head with a rod. A. to attack; hitB. to be attacked; to be hit C. attacking; be hitD. having been attacked; hit17. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed18. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meet