英语一般过去时语法知识归纳总结.doc

一般过去时语法知识一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；主语在过去时间段所具备的能力和性格。一般过去时句子最明显的现象就是常由表达过去时间的副词、副词短语或从句来界定。“过去”的概念并不仅指如“yesterday, last week, ”等，实际上“与现在对立的过去”，亦即“非现在的以前”，哪怕是“过了说话时间的几分钟之前”，只要所要表达的时间与说话时的“现在”形成对立，就必须使用一般过去时来表达。例如：He was here only a few minutes ago.仅仅几分钟前他还在这里。I came home just now. 我刚回到家。“this + 时间，today”等时间副词常用于修饰一般现在时，但是只要句子的本意是“与说话时的现在”对立，即使句子中有“this + 时间，today”等时间副词，也必须使用一般过去时。例如：I got up very early this morning.今天早晨我起床很早。He was late for school again today.今天他又迟到了。强化理解：1.一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时刻或时期所发生的事情，也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。一般过去时只说明过去的事情，不强调动作对现在的影响。I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨，我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。 He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up.他没有戒烟的那阵子，抽烟抽得可凶了。2.表示过去一段时间里经常或反复的动作，常与always，never等连用。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。(只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞)I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。(不涉及到现在，不说明现在是否喝酒)3.表示过去连续发生的动作时要用一般过去时。这种情况下句子中往往没有表示过去的时间状语，通过上下文来表示。The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain, and then died.那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。4.有些句子虽然没有表示过去的时间状语，但实际上发生的动作或存在的状态是指过去，也要用一般过去时。这一点我们中国学生往往出错，要特别注意！I didnt know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。(因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能 用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you were here.)I thought you were ill.我以为你病了呢。(这句话应是在说话之前我以为你病了，但是现在我知道你没病)5.在谈到已死去的人的情况时多用过去时。Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷锋是个好战士。6.一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语连用。大体可分为如下几类：yesterday、the day before yesterday (前天)、the other day (前几天)、in the old days (在过去的日子里)just now (刚才)、this morning/afternoon/eveningago (a while ago方才、刚才two days ago前两天、a few days ago前几天、long long ago很久很久以前)last night / week / Sunday / weekend / month / winter / year / century(上个世纪)once upon a time (很久以前)、before(在之前，如：before liberation在解放前)at + 一个时间点 (at the age of 10在10岁是时候)、then (= at that time) (当时)When引导的时间状语从句(When I was 8 years old，当我八岁的时候)表达方法：一般过去时的表达方法可以细分为以下三种情况：(一)连系动词(简称为系动词)be的一般过去时系动词be的一般过去时属于不规则变化，第一、第三人称单数用was，其他情况用were。基本用法见表一。表一人称和数肯定句(肯定陈述句)否定句(否定陈述句)一般疑问句肯定、否定回答单数第一人称I was late yesterday.I wasnt late yesterday.Were you late yesterday?Yes, I was.No, I wasnt.第二人称You were late yesterday.You werent late yesterday.Were you late yesterday?Yes, I was.No, I wasnt.第三人称He was late yesterday.He wasnt late yesterday.Was he late yesterday r?Yes, he was.No, he wasnt.属于单数第三人称Her car was a Toyota.Her car wasnt a Toyota.Was her car a Toyota?Yes, it was.No, it wasnt.Tom was ill yesterday.Tom wasnt ill yesterday.Was Tom ill yesterday?Yes, he was.No, he wasnt.There was an apple on the table last night.There wasnt apple on the table last night.Was there apple on the table last night?Yes, there was. No, there wasnt.复数所有复数人称和所有复数形式We were students.We werent students.Were you students?Yes, we were.No, we werent.You were my employees.你们是我的雇员。You werent my employees.Were you my employees?Yes, we were.No, we werent.They were doctors.They werent doctors.Were they doctors?Yes, they were.No, they werent.My parents were teachers.My parents werent teachers.Were your parents teachers?Yes, they were.No, they werent.These were my books.These werent my books.Were these your books?Yes, they were.No, they werent.(二)普通动词(也称为“实义动词”、“行为动词”)的一般过去时1.陈述句。普通动词(也称“实义动词”、行为动词)组成的一般过去时陈述句形式为：主语 + 动词过去式+ 宾语 + 其它。动词过去式变化可分两类：规则变化和不规则变化。规则变化有如下几种情况：情 况构成方法读 音例 词一般情况加 ed元音后面读t清辅音后读t浊辅音后读d在t、d音后面idworkworkedlistenlistened以e结尾的词加 dlikelikedarrivearrived以重读闭音节结尾的词先双写最后的辅音字母再加 edstopstoppedplanplanned以元音字母 + y结尾的词加 edenjoyenjoyedplayplayed以辅音字母 + y结尾的词把y改成 i再加edstudystudiedcarrycarriedworryworried2.否定句。普通动词(也称“实义动词”、行为动词)一般过去时陈述句变成否定句时，要借用助动词did。形式为：主语 + did not + 动词原形。(其中：did not = didnt)3.疑问句。普通动词(也称“实义动词”、行为动词)一般过去时陈述句变成疑问句时，也需要借用助动词did。形式为：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + ?。普通动词(也称“实义动词”、行为动词)一般过去时的基本用法见表二。表二人称和数肯定句(肯定陈述句)否定句(否定陈述句)一般疑问句肯定、否定回答单数第一人称I watched TV last night.I didnt watch TV last night.Did you watch TV last night?Yes, I did.No, I didnt.第二人称You watched TV last night.You didnt watch TV last night.Did you watch TV last night?Yes, I did.No, I didnt.第三人称He watched TV last night.He didnt watch TV last night.Did he watch TV last night?Yes, he did.No, he didnt.属于单数第三人称His brother watched TV last night.His brother didnt watch TV last night.Did his brother watch TV last night?Yes, he did.No, he didnt.Mike watched TV last night.Mike didnt watch TV last night.Did Mike watch TV last night?Yes, he did.No, he didnt.复数所有复数人称和所有复数形式We watched TV last night.We didnt watch TV last night.Did you watch TV last night?Yes, we did.No, we didnt.You watched TV last night.You didnt watch TV last night.Did you watch TV last night?Yes, we did.No, we didnt.They watched TV last night.They didnt watch TV last night.Did they watch TV last night?Yes, they did.No, they didnt.My parents watched TV last night.My parents didnt watch TV last night.Did your parents watch TV last night?Yes, they did.No, they didnt.(三)情态动词的一般过去时情态动词的一般过去时态要使用它们的过去式，后面的动词还使用原形。例如：I had to do my homework yesterday. （昨天我不得不做作业。）can could(能，会)may might(可以)mustmust(必须)have tohad to(不得不)shallshould(将要) 仅用于第一人称单数 willwould(将要) 用于所有人称 动词过去式、现在分词的不规则变化：be 是was, werebeing begin 开始beganbeginning build 建筑builtbuilding buy 买boughtbuying can 能could无 run 跑ranrunning say 说saidsaying 讲话spokespeaking spend 花钱spentspending see 看见sawseeing speak stand 站立stoodstanding sweep 打扫sweptsweeping swim 游泳swamswimming take 拿到tooktaking teach 教taughtteaching tell 讲述toldtelling think 思考thoughtthinking will 意愿would无 write 写wrotewriting sing 唱歌sangsinging sit 坐satsitting sleep 睡觉sleptsleeping come 来camecoming copy 拷贝copiedcopying do 做diddoing draw 画drewdrawing drink 喝drankdrinking drive 驾车drovedriving eat 吃ateeating feel 感觉feltfeeling find 找寻foundfinding fly飞flewflying forget 忘记forgotforgetti