心理学专业英语emotion.ppt

Lesson Twelve Emotions,2011.6.15 ,Main contents,1. Theories of Emotion 2. The External Expression of Emotion facial expressions body language touching,1、Emotions,Contemporary psychologists define emotion as a complex pattern of bodily and mental changes that includes physiological arousal, feelings, cognitive processes, and specific behavioral reactions made in response to a situation perceived as personally significant. 当代心理学家将情绪界定为一种躯体和精神上的复杂的变化模式，包括生理唤醒、感觉、认知过程以及行为反应，这些是对个人知觉到的独特处境的反应。,唤醒,感觉,思想,行动,回想愉快 的场景,Paragraph 1,Question: What is emotion? Most of time, it refers to positive or negtive feelings that are produced in particular situations.,The James-Lange Theory,The Cannon-Bard Theory,The Papez Circuit,Theories of Emotion,Cognitive appraisal theories,Theories of Emotion,The James-Lange Theory（躯体反应的詹姆斯兰格理论） Question: What did James-Lange theory proposed？ The theory proposes that the experience of emotion results from the perception of ones own physiological changes. 情绪就是对身体变化的知觉。,The Cannon-Bard Theory 坎农巴德的中枢神经过程理论,Descrive the Cannon-Bard theory. This theory states that an emotion stimulus produces two concurrent reactions, arousal and experience of emotion. When a person faces an emotion-arousal event, nerve impulses first pass through the thalamus. Half goes to the cerebral cortex, where it produces the subjective experience of fear or anger or happiness; the other half goes to the hypothalamus, which commands the body physiological changes.,The Papez Circuit,Emotion is a function not of specific brain “centers” but of circuitry. The structures of Papezs “circuit” constitute much of what is now called the limbic system. 大脑边缘皮层、海马、丘脑和下丘脑等结构在情绪体验和情绪表现中具有重要作用。 边缘系统中,从海马经穹窿、乳头体、丘脑前核和扣带回,再回到海马的环路(帕帕兹环路)，对情绪产生有重要作用。,Cognitive appraisal theories of emotion,The experience of emotion is the joint effect of physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal. You appraise your physiological arousal in an effort to discover what you are feeling, what emotional label best fits, and what your reaction means in the particular setting in which it is being experienced. 情绪的体验是一种生理唤醒和认知评价相结合的状态。你对你的生理唤醒进行评价，来努力决定你的感觉是什么，哪个情绪标签最为合适，以及你的反应意味着哪些特定的体验。,The external expression of emotion,Facial expressions as clues to others emotions. Question: What are the basic emotions? Anger, fear, sadness, disgust, happiness, surprise and contempt.,How does culture constrain emotional expression?,Emotional expression in individualistic and collectivist cultures.,Body language,Frequent body movement-especially ones in which a particular part of the body does something to another part , such as touching, scratching, or rubbing, suggest emotional arousal.,What does Aronoffs reasearch found? The dangerous, threatening characters would show more diagonal or angular postures, while the warm, sympathetic characters would show more rounded postures.,Touching,What can touch suggest? Touching can suggest affection, sexual interest, dominance, caring, or even aggression.,Key words,Motivational state动机状态 Controversy辩论 Controversial 有争议的 Limbic syste