中考英语 第2部分 语法专题研究 专题13 简单句课件

第二部分 语法专题研究,专题十三 简单句,必考：每卷25道，37分，单选、完形、完成句子）,命题点1 五大基本句型,命题点2 陈述句,命题点5 祈使句,命题点6 感叹句,命题点3 疑问句,命题点4 There be句型和主谓一致,满分突破,五大基本句型的构成 句型一：主语系动词表语 举例： The bike is new. 主语 系动词 表语,命题点1 五大基本句型 (必考：每卷25道，37分，单选、完形、完成句子),句型三：主语及物动词+宾语 举例：Children often sing this song. 主语 及物动词 宾语,句型二：主语不及物动词 举例： It rains. 主语 不及物动词,句型四：主语及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 举例：She showed her friends all her pictures. 主语 及物动词 间接宾语 直接宾语,句型五：主语及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 举例：We keep our classroom clean and tidy. 主语 及物动词 宾语 宾语补足语,中考试练,【重庆7年真题(20102016)】 1. (2016 A卷75题)Li Lin listens to English on the radio every day.(改为否定句) Li Lin_ _ to English on the radio every day.,doesnt,listen,命题点2 陈述句 (仅2008年未考，每卷1道，2分，完成句子),2. (2016 B卷75题)She will go climbing with me next week.(改为否定句) She _ _ go climbing with me next week. 3. (2015 A卷75题)Mark is watching TV now.(改为否定句) Mark _ _ TV now.,will,not,isnt,watching,4. (2014 A卷69题)Cao Hua swims fastest in our group.(改为否定句) Cao Hua _ _ fastest in our group. 5. (2014 B卷69题)Sandra enjoys her stay in the city.(改为否定句) Sandra _ _ her stay in the city.,doesnt,swim,doesnt,enjoy,6. (2013 A卷69题)The students of Class Three have cleaned their classroom.(改为否定句) The students of Class Three _ _ their classroom. 7. (2013 B卷69题)Well have a meeting next Monday.(改为否定句) We _ _ a meeting next Monday.,havent,cleaned,wont,have,8. (2012年69题)Chen Ping received an email last Friday.(改为否定句) Chen Ping _ _ an email last Friday. 9. (2011年66题)My classmates are going to skate in the afternoon. (改为否定句) My classmates _ _ to skate in the afternoon.,didnt,receive,arent,going,【创新猜押】 10. I am interested in collecting stamps. (改为 否定句) I _ _ interested in collecting stamps. 11. Ben has finished the project on reusing natural resources. (改为否定句) Ben _ _ the project on reusing natural resources.,am,not,hasnt,finished,12. She will travel all over the world. (改为 否定句) She _ _ all over the world. 13. Lucy sent me a birthday card last night. (改为否定句) Lucy _ _ me a birthday card last night.,wont,travel,didnt,send,14. The students are preparing for the English test now. (改为否定句) The students _ _ for the English test now.,arent,preparing,【满分突破】,陈述句分为肯定句和否定句。分析重庆近9年中考真题可知，重庆中考在完成句子中每年每卷都会考查1道将肯定句改为否定句的题(除2008年)，且均和时态结合考查。考生在做此类试题时，可以参考以下技巧： 1. 如果谓语中有情态动词(can, may, should等)、助动词(will, have, do等)或be动词，直接在它们后面加not构成否定句。如果谓语中没有这些词，则需考虑以下形式：,(1)若谓语动词是动词原形，则在其前加上dont。如： I get up at six oclock every day. I dont get up at six oclock every day. (2)若谓语动词是单三形式，则在其前加上does not/doesnt，原来的动词单三形式改为动词原形。如： Mr. Wang works in a factory. Mr. Wang does not/doesnt work in a factory.,(3)若谓语动词是过去式，则在其前加上did not/didnt，原来的动词过去式改为动词原形。如： Xia Lin visited our friends last night. Xia Lin did not/didnt visit our friends last night. 2. 含有had better的肯定句改为否定句时，在had better后直接加not。如： Youd better stay at home. Youd better not stay at home.,3. 祈使句改为否定句时直接在动词原形前加Dont。 Lets开头的祈使句在Lets后面加not。如： Look out of the window. Dont look out of the window. Lets play soccer. Lets not play soccer.,中考试练,【重庆7年真题(20102016)】 15. (2015 A卷29题)_ did you work out the problem in such a short time? With Mr. Lis help. A. When B. Where C. How D. Which,C,命题点3 疑问句 (仅2015 B卷未考，每卷14道，26分，单选、完成句子),16. (2014 A卷23题) _ does your cousin usually go to work on foot? He says its good for his health. A. Where B. When C. Why D. How 17. (2012年27题) _ did you visit the Science Museum? Three months ago. A. When B. Where C. What D. Which,C,A,18. (2016 A卷76题)Dave was making a model plane in the classroom at that time.(对划 线部分提问) _ _ Dave making a model plane at that time? 19. (2016 B卷76题)The girl bought lots of clothes on the day of Double 11 last year.(对划线部 分提问) _ _ the girl do on the day of Double 11 last year?,Where,was,What,did,20. (2015 A卷76题)The English dictionary is 25 dollars(对划线部分提问) _ _ is the English dictionary? 21. (2015 B卷76题)My little sister has read that exciting story(对划线部分提问) _ _ your little sister read?,How,much,What,has,22. (2014 A卷70题)They went to Yunnan last summer(对划线部分提问) _ _ they go to Yunnan? 23. (2014 B卷70题)She will have her singing lessons next Monday(对划线部分提问) _ _ she have her singing lessons?,When,did,When,will,24. (2013 A卷70题)She often has dinner at half past six in the evening.(对划线部分提问) _ _ does she often have dinner in the evening? 25. (2013 B卷70题)Many people get worried because it hasnt rained for a long time(对 划线部分提问) _ _ many people get worried?,What,time,Why,do,26. (2012年70题)There are fifty students in our class.(对划线部分提问) _ _ students are there in your class? 27. (2011年68题)Bruce has art lessons twice a week. (对划线部分提问) _ _ does Bruce have art lessons?,How,How,often,many,28. (2010年67题)The kid is playing the piano at the school music club. (对划线部分提问) _ is the kid _ the piano?,Where,playing,【创新猜押】 29. _ are you going to do this weekend? I am going to have a picnic with my friends. A. When B. How C. Where D. What,D,30. _ will the invitations be sent to our guests? In three days. A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How far 31. _ are you interested in pop music? Because it makes me feel excited. A. Who B. Why C. Where D. What,B,B,32. Have you ever seen the TV show Waiting for Me? _. I think its quite moving. A. Yes, I have B. No, I havent C. Yes, he has D. No, she hasnt 33. You havent cleaned your bedroom, have you? _. Ive been busy talking with John on the phone all the morning. A. No, I havent B. Yes, I have C. No, I have D. Yes, I havent,A,A,34. The supermarket is two miles from the hotel (对划线部分提问) _ _ is the supermarket from the hotel? 35. The weather is too hot today. (对划线部分 提问) _ _ the weather like today?,How,far,What,is,36. I think Mr. Smith has changed a lot since three years ago. (对划线部分提问) _ _ you think has changed a lot since three years ago? The little boys played football on the playground yesterday morning.(对划线部分 提问) _ _ the little boys play football yesterday morning?,Who,do,Where,did,38. Jim is the tallest boy in his class.(改为 反意疑问句) Jim is the tallest boy in his class, _ _？,he,isnt,满分突破,分析重庆近9年中考真题可知，重庆中考对疑问句的考查涉及特殊疑问句和反意疑问句(2008年和2010年在单项选择中各考查1次，2009年和2011年各考查1次改为反意疑问句)，一般疑问句仅考查1次(2008年67题)。单项选择中主要考查特殊疑问句的疑问词辨析(包含：How词组)，完成句子中主要考查对划线,部分提问，短文填空中仅考查1次疑问词的用法(2012年78题)。因此考生在复习中需要掌握各类疑问句的具体用法及句式结构。,一般疑问句(2008年67题),特殊疑问句(9年12卷24考),注：how词组,具体讲解详见本书P16,反意疑问句 (2011年67题，2010年33题， 2009年68题，2008年26题),概念：附加在陈述句后的简单问句， 又称附加疑问句。,1. “三同一反”原则 所谓“三同一反”原则， 即：人称相同、 动词相同、时态相同、前肯后否或前否后肯。 如下表：,当前面的陈述部分含有否定含义的词few, little, never, no, nothing, hardly, seldom等时，其后的疑问部分应用肯定形式。如： David never fights with his classmates, does he？戴维从不和同班同学打架，是吗？,2. 对反意疑问句的回答 对反意疑问句的回答， 不管陈述部分是肯定句还是否定句， 若事实是肯定的， 答语就要用yes；事实是否定的， 答语就要用no。注意在“前否后肯”的反意疑问句的答语中， yes意为“不”， no意为“是的”。如： He didnt go to the meeting, did he? 他没有参加这次会议， 是吗？ Yes, he did. 不， 他参加了。,中考试练,【重庆7年真题(20102016)】 39. (2015 B卷33题)How many people are there in your group? Four. Three boys _in our group this time. A. is B. are C. were D. was,B,命题点4 There be句型和主谓一致 (高频：9年7卷8考，单选、完形、完成句子),40. (2014 A卷34题)There _ lots of sheep and pigs on my uncles farm now. A. was B. were C. is D. are 41. (2014 B卷27题)There _ more and more foreigners learning Chinese now. A. is B. are C. was D. were,D,B,42. (2013 B卷32题)Look, everyone in the group _ talking actively about their ideas. A. is B. are C. has D. have 43. (2015 B卷75题)There are many old people exercising in the park now.(改为 否定句) There _ _ many old people exercising in the park now.,A,are,not,44. (2010年66题)There were many students in this school last year.(改为否定句) There _ _ many students in this school last year.,were,not,【创新猜押】 45. There _ a zoo near my home, so I like to spend time there. A. was B. were C. is D. are 46. Both Peter and Elsa _ good at maths now. A. was B. is C. were D. are,C,D,47. There _ a football game in our school next week. A. will be B. will have C. is going to have D. are going to be 48. Everybody except Mike and Linda _ there when the meeting began. A. is B. are C. was D. were,A,C,49. _ there any living things on other planets? I have no idea. Maybe we can know more about that in the future. A. Is B. Are C. Has D. Have 50. There is something wrong with my computer. (改为否定句) There _ _ anything wrong with my computer.,B,is,not,满分突破,分析重庆近9年中考真题可知，在单项选择中主要考查“主谓一致”原则(含There be型的“主谓一致”)，也会和时态混合考查；形填空中仅考查1次There be句型的用法(2009年50题)；完成句子中考查2次There be句型句型变否定形式(2015 B卷75题，2010年66题)。,There be句型(9年5卷5考) 1.“Therebesb./sth.地点状语”表示“某处有某人/某物”。be动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个或两个以上的并列主语， be动词一般和邻近主语的数和人称保持一致。(2014 A卷34题，2014 B卷27题)如：,There is a book and two pencils on the desk. 书桌上有一本书和两支铅笔。 There are some hills and a lake around it.在它周围有几座小山和一个湖泊。 2. “Therebesb./sth.地点状语”的否定形式是在be动词后面加not, not any, no。(2015 B卷75题，2010年66题)如： There is no water in the bottle. 瓶子里面没有水。,3. 若变为一般疑问句， 则需要把be动词提到句首。如： Is there any water in the bottle? 瓶子里有一些水吗？,There be 结构有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如： There will be a new film on Monday.There is going to be a new film on Monday. 星期一将有一部新电影上映。 There must be a mistake somewhere. 肯定有某个地方出错了。,语法一致原则,考向一,主谓一致 (2015 B卷33题，2013 B卷 32题，2008年24题),主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一 致，即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词也采用 单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词也 采用复数形式。,1.单数名词或人称代词单数、复合不定 代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句 作主语时， 谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语 为名词或人称代词复数时，谓语动词用复数 形式(2013 B卷32题)。如： The children were in the classroom two hours ago.孩子们两小时前在教室里。 Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事，只怕有心人。,2. 由连接词and或bothand连接起来的 并列主语后面， 谓语动词要用复数形式 (2008年24题)。如： The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. 男孩和女孩听到这个消息 时都很惊讶。,3. 当主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等词时，谓语动词取决于主语的数。如： Everyone except Jim and Tim has a new book.除了吉姆和蒂姆外， 每个人都有一本新书。,4. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of名词”构成的短语以及由“分数/百分数名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据短语后面的名词的数而定。如： There are a lot of people in the classroom. 教室里有许多人。 50% of the students in our class are girls. 我们班百分之五十的学生是女孩。,所谓意义一致就是概念一致，谓语动词 的形式要和主语所表达的概念一致。 1.表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名 词的复数作主语时， 谓语动词通常用单数形式。如： Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 三十分钟对(完成)这份工作来说足够了。,意义一致原则,考向二,2. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes等名词作主语时， 谓语用复数形式， 但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰， 谓语动词用单数形式。如： My glasses are broken. 我的眼镜坏了。 The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 床下的这双鞋是他的。,3. the姓氏名词复数，表示“一家”或“夫妇”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： The Blacks enjoy working in China. 布莱克夫妇喜欢在中国工作。,就近一致原则,考向三,谓语动词的单复数取决于与之靠近的 名词的单复数，这种原则叫作“邻近原则”，也叫作“就近一致”原则。,1. 由eitheror， neithernor， not onlybut (also)， notbut或or连接两 个并列主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语在 数上保持一致。如： Neither you nor he has been to that city. 你和他都不曾去过那个城市。,2. There be和Here be句型中，be动词常 与靠近它的主语在数上保持一致。如： There is an apple and three pears on the plate.盘子里有一个苹果和三个梨。,中考试练,【重庆7年真题(20102016)】 51. (2016 B卷28题)Jack, dont always copy what others do. _ your head, please. Thanks for telling me. A. Using B. Used C. Uses D. Use,D,命题点5 祈使句 (2016 B卷28题，2014 A卷33题，2012年37题，单选),52. (2014 A卷33题) _ wake up your sister, Ben. She needs a good sleep. A. Dont B. Doesnt C. Arent D. Cant 53. (2012年37题) Jack, _, or you will get heavier. A. doesnt play sports any more B. doesnt eat so much meat C. dont play sports any more D. dont eat so much meat,A,D,【创新猜押】 54. _ kind and helpful to the people around us, and we will make th