2019年高考英语一轮巩固达标练题Unit1GreatScientists（含解析）新人教版.docx

Great Scientists李仕才一、阅读理解。Crossing your legs is an extremely common habit; most people dont even notice that theyre doing it when they sit down. While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate. This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart. You wont feel any immediate effects, but repeated, drawn-out increases in blood pressure can cause long-term health issues. So, planning to sit for a long period of time? Dont keep your legs crossed.Crossing your legs at the knee can also cause pressure on the major nerve in your leg that passes just below your knee and along the outside of your leg, explains Richard Graves, a medical expert. This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis (麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your anklewhat we know as that “pins and needles” sensation. While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run.1.What can we learn about crossing ones legs?A. It is a very bad social habit.B. It is usually practiced deliberately.C. It can make others feel uncomfortable.D. It can do harm to peoples health.2.According to the study, sitting with your legs crossed can_.A. resist gravity effectivelyB. affect your blood pressureC. lead to heart attacks easilyD. improve the function of legs3.In the third paragraph pins and needles probably means_.A. serious muscle injuriesB. being a little nervousC. slight sharp painsD. being highly flexible4.What is the main purpose of the text?A. To give readers some advice.B. To compare common habits.C. To evaluate effects of an experiment.D. To introduce research methods. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究发现跷二郎腿对身体有害，大家要改掉跷二郎腿的坏习惯。1.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.”可知，跷二郎腿对健康有害。2.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure.”可知，跷二郎腿会使血压升高。4.A 【解析】文章意图题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.”及最后一段中的“So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor.”可知，研究发现跷二郎腿对健康有害，因此这篇文章的目的是建议大家改掉跷二郎腿的坏习惯。二、语法填空。China will allow all couples to have two children，_1_ (give) up its decadeslong onechild policy, the Communist Party of China (CPC) _2_ (announce) after a key meeting on Thursday.The change of policy is intended to balance population development and meet the challenge of an aging population, according to a communiqu (公报)_3_ (issue) after the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held from Monday to Thursday.The proposal must be approved by the top legislature (立法机关) _4_ it comes into force.Chinas family planning policy was first introduced in the late 1970s _5_ (control) the rapid _6_ (grow) of the population by limiting most urban couples _7_ one child, and as to rural couples, they can have two children on condition that their firstborn child was a girl. The policy was later relaxed. Parents _8_ were both only children in their family could have _9_ second child.The onechild policy was _10_ (far) loosened in November 2013 after the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, and couples are allowed to have two children if one of them is an only child.1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ 6._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，讲述了中国的“全面二孩”政策的由来。1giving考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子主语China与give up之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词ing形式作状语，故填giving。2announced考查动词的时态。根据时间状语on Thursday可知，本处应用一般过去时。3issued考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，issue与communiqu之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词issued作定语。4before考查连词。句意：提议在生效之前必须得到最高立法机关的批准。before “在之前”。5to control考查非谓语动词。中国于20世纪70年代晚期开始实施计划生育政策以控制急剧增长的人口。本处应用动词不定式作目的状语。6growth考查词性转换。此处表示控制急剧增长的人口，应用名词作宾语，故填growth。7to考查介词。limit . to . “限定到”是固定搭配。8who/that考查定语从句的引导词。夫妇双方均为独生子女的，还可以再生一个孩子。本处先行词为parents，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填who/that。9a考查冠词。序数词前用不定冠词，意为“再，又”。这里指“再生一个小孩，或可生第二个孩子”。10further考查副词的比较级。根据句意“一孩政策进一步放松”可知，本处应用比较级；由于本处不是表距离，而是表事情的程度，故填further。三、完形填空。阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。Every morning，on my way to work，I see homeless people sleeping on sidewalks.Clearly，theyre in need of _1_.I feel it a(n) _2_ to see this，and most people walk by, _3_ the homeless dont exist，and dont offer any help at all，not even a _4_.Recently，its been extremely cold，making things especially _5_ for the homeless.Usually I arrive at work around 8 am，when the homeless are still asleep.Im not sure whether its a good _6_ to leave something for them while theyre _7_ ，as it may get stolen or they may not even _8_ it.Today，I _9_ someone，who seemed to be homeless，sitting on the sidewalk，awake.I had some time _10_ I was due to start work，so I dashed across the street to ask if I could get anything for him to drink or eat.He wanted a cola，so I went and got this for him _11_ a banana.I gave him the drink and banana，then went back to my office across the street，and went upstairs to get the bag I recently _12_ with everyday items.Id been planning to give it to someone in need，so this was a great _13_.I hurried back to give the bag to the stranger，who was _14_.Society may feel uncomfortable with homeless people._15_ ，we must remember theyre just like us.Theyre just down on their _16_ for different reasons.If we _17_ to those in need，our hearts will grow and we can _18_ make our world better.Singer Phil Collins sang a song titled Another Day in Paradise，which _19_ us to be grateful for the many blessings we have and not to _20_ those who are less fortunate.1A.balanceBsignificanceCperformance Dassistance2A.duty BregretCadvance Dequality3A.imagining BexpectingCpretending Dannouncing4A.word BhugCpity Dgift5A.absurd BboringCcomplex Dtouch6A.idea BexcuseClesson Dreason7A.relaxed BabsentmindedCunaware Ddizzy8A.know BwantCshare Dafford9A.spotted BapproachedCrecognized Dinterviewed10A.when BsinceCbefore Dunless11A.instead of Bexcept forCregardless of Dalong with12A.replaced BpackedCdecorated Dcombined13A.trial BhonorCopportunity Dreward14A.grateful BcarefulChopeful Dskillful15A.Besides BThereforeCMeanwhile DHowever16A.effort BluckCappearance Dreputation17A.look out Bbreak outCreach out Dturn out18A.truly BproperlyCdeliberately Dapproximately19A.intends BremindsCpromises Dpersuades20A.trick BblameCdoubt Dforget【解题导语】本文主要讲述了作者帮助无家可归的人的故事。【核心词汇】extremely adv.极其，极端dash v急奔，急驰，猛冲paradise n天堂blessing n上帝的恩宠，祝福1D根据下文的“dont offer any help at all”可知，这些无家可归的人需要帮助。assistance意为“帮助”。故选D。2B根据下文作者帮助无家可归的人可推知，作者同情这些无家可归的人，看到他们睡在大街上感到很是遗憾。故选B。3C根据“and dont offer any help at all”并结合上文的“I feel it a(n) _2_ to see this”可推知，大部分的路人对无家可归的人漠不关心，视而不见，即假装(pretending)没看到。4A根据“even”可推知，大部分人不仅不提供帮助，甚至连一句问候都没有。5D根据空前的“its been extremely cold”并结合语境可推知，天气特别寒冷，无家可归的人的日子更加艰难(tough)。6A结合语境可知，作者不确定自己的那种做法是否是好主意(idea)。7C承接上文的“Usually I arrive at work around 8 am，when the homeless are still asleep”可推知，无家可归的人在作者早上开始上班时还都在睡觉，是不会觉察到的(unaware)。8B根据“even”的提示并结合上文作者的犹豫可推知，作者不确定自己对他们的帮助是否正是无家可归的人所需要的。9A根据语境可推知，作者在人行道上发现了一个醒着的无家可归的人。spot表示“发现”，符合语境。10C根据语境可知，作者离上班还有些时间，所以选C。11D根据语境以及下文的“I gave him the drink and banana”可推知，作者顺便还给这个人带了香蕉。along with表示“除以外(还)”。12B根据空后的“with everyday items”可知，作者包里装着每天的必需品。pack with sth.表示“装着某物”。13C根据语境可知，作者认为这是一个极好的帮助无家可归的人的机会。14A根据语境可推知，把自己的东西馈赠给他人，别人是感恩的(grateful)。15D根据语境可知，前后句表示逻辑上的转折关系，故选D。16B根据语境可推知，那些无家可归的人只是由于某种原因一时穷困潦倒而已，down on ones luck表示“穷困潦倒”。17C根据语境可知，如果我们愿意帮助他们，世界会变得更美好。reach out to sb.表示“愿意为某人提供帮助”。18A根据语境可知，帮助他人的确会让我们的世界变得更美好。truly“的确，真实地”；properly“恰当地”；deliberately“故意地”；approximately“大约”。19BPhil Collins的歌提醒我们要感恩。remind sb.to do sth.意为“提醒某人做某事”符合语境。20D根据语境可推知，人们不要忘记那些不幸的人。四、短文改错。One day, an old man was returning home after shopping. Suddenly, a bag of waste fell in the sky, nearly hitting him on his head. He was greatly frightening by the unexpected incident. Dropped the things he had bought to the ground, he ran away rapidly. What dangerous i