2013届英语科5年高考3年模拟[浙江专版]专题10定语从句.doc

定语从句【备考策略】在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词，关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as，关系副词有when, where, why。一、关系词的基本用法who 指人，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语关系代词whom 指人，在从句中作宾语whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语that 指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语which 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语as 指人、物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语关系副词when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语（1）The man (whom /who/that) my mother saw in the street is my teacher.（2）The book which/ that tells us about the earth is interesting.（3）She lives in a house whose windows faces south.（4）Do you know the boy whose father is an English teacher?（5）I have never heard such stories as he tells.（6）Ill never forget the day when /on which I joined the army.（7）I wont forget the factory where / in which my father worked.（8）Tell me the reason why you came late.二、必须用“that”引导的定语从句1、当先行词是不定代词all，little, few, much, anything , everything, none, nothing, no one, some等时。He did everything that he could to help us.2、先行词被all, every, no , some, any , little, much, the only, the very, the right, last , few , just 等修饰时。The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.3、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen.4、当先行时前有such 或the same修饰时，先行词和关系代词指同一物时。She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.5、先行词既有人又有物时，Later they talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.6、当主句是以who或which开始时的特殊疑问句时，Who is the boy that won the gold medal?7、在同一个句子里，若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已用了which， 另一个宜用that.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.8、当关系代词在从句中作表语时。（只限于限制性定语从句中）China is no longer the country that it used to be.9、当先行词是集体名词时，多用that，He wants to join the team that won the game.10、that在有些句型中可作为关系副词，且可省略。I dont like the way (that) he talks to me.三、只用which不用that时情况1、引导非限制性定语从句时：Bruce went toward the fire, which was still smoking.2、先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置。This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.3、先行词本身是that时：Whats that which flashed in the sky just now?4、先行词后有插入语时，Here is the English grammar book which, as Ive told you, will help improve your English.5、which 用作表语，指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特性、品质或才能的人。He is an engineer, which I am not。关系代as：在限制性定语从句中用在such, the same, as, so之后，as引导的定语从句常采用省略形式。I have the same book as you（have）.Take as many as you want.Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.This is such a book as was given to me.四、关系代词的省略情况1、关系代在从句中作宾语时。Have you received the book (that) I sent you last week?2、关系代词在从句中作表语时。Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.3、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而这个介词又在句末时。This is the artist (whom) I spoke to you about.注意：关系代词的省略是指在限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。五、带介词的定语从句1、固定词组，介词置于后，关系代词使用灵活。This is the child (whom / who/ that) she is looking after.2、非固定词组，介词位置灵活，关系代词使用严格。The man (whom/ who/ that) I spoke to is a friend of mine.The man to whom I spoke is a friend of mine.3、介词词组（关系代词远离先行词）In front of, on top of ,at the foot of, with the help of, as a result of.We stand in a building in front of which stands a lab.We arrived at a hill, on top of which stood a tower.4、代词/数词+of +关系代词He has written many books, most of which are for children.We have many students, two of whom have won prizes of international competitions.5、介词+whose 修饰后面的名词：He is the very man in whose pocket I found my lost money.六、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句对先行词起限制确定作用。如果没有它，主句的意思就不完整，这种定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，在口语中前后没有停顿。He is the man whose father died last week.That is the reason why I didnt open the door.非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词起描述或补充说明的作用，省略后也不影响全句的意思，非限制性定语从句可以修饰名词、代词、短语、主句的一部分或全句，它和主句之间常用逗号隔开，朗读时前后有停顿。I live in Beijing where my parents worked ten years ago.His sister, who works in WuHan, is coming to see him tomorrow.七、as 引导非限制性定语从句与which 的区别1、用于非限制性定语从句时，可以指代整个主句的内容，as 和which 可以换用。He left her, as/ which was strange.2、as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于句首，句中和句尾。As everyone knows, Tom is good at English.The earth, as we know, moves round the sun.3、非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时，常用as 作主语。as is said/ known/ announced/ reported/ mentioned/ expected/ disused等。As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.4、as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如”的含义，因此，下列句式中多用as:as anybody can see正如人人都能看到的那样 as is known to all 众所周知 as is often the case 情况常常如此 as may be imagined 这可以想象得出 as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的as has been said before/ above 如上所述 as we had expected正如我们所预料的那样as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的那样 as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 5、which 引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能置于句尾。The decision was postponed, which was exactly what he wanted.6、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词）从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。The football match, which I watched yesterday, is very interesting.7、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句的谓语带有宾语，有的还带宾语补足语。After that things improved, which astonished me.Water changes into steam, which is known to be a physical change.8、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句意思可与主句相反，即从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词。He can write a letter in English, which I cannot.He was married again, which was unexpected.八、定语从句运用中的注意点1、 是用the one还是用that , which, where. （1）Is this school _ you study in? （2）Is this the school _ you study in?（3） Is this the school _ you study?（4）Is this school _ is a senior one?A. that/which B. where C. the oneD. the one where E. the one that / which 遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用the one的形式，接着再看the one在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用the one where，若作主语或宾语时，则用the one (that/ which)2、 是用when还是用that, which （1）May 1 is the day _ we spent together. （2）May 1 is the day _ I joined the army. A. that/ which B. when当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语时，用when, 若作主语或宾语时，就用that/ which.3、定语从句与强调结构的区别（1）It was in this house _ he was born.（2）It was this house _ he was born.（3）It was in the house _ he used to live that the exhibition was held.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. there判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉it is /was that, 若整个句子结构和意义不受影响，则为强调结构，否则为定语从句。4、定语从句与其他从句的区别（1）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则是定语从句，试比较：You should leave the toy where you can find. I still remember the bus stop where / at which I met you.（2）定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的边接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句；若连接词在句中不作成分时，则为结果状语从句。试比较：He is such a kind person as everybody likes. He is such a kind person that everybody likes him.（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句，不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。试比较：The news that he had been back surprised us all. The mews (that) he told us surprised us all.5、way 后面的定语从句（用that/ in which 或省略）：Please tell me the way (that/ in which) you did the job.考点解析定语从句是英语教学的重点，也是学生学习的难点，同时又是高考考查的热点。纵观近年各地高考试题，就能发现考点大多集中在带有插入语的定语从句；which 、as 引导的非限定性定语从句； where 、 when引导的定语从句以及定语从句和强调句、同位语从句的区别等方面。对定语从句的考查不单纯考查其语法结构，而是把它融入到一定的语境中，考查考生的实际综合运用能力。高考试题中，主要从以下角度考查定语从句： 定语从句的考点之一 : 正确区分关系代词that引出的定语从句功能强，除不能作定语(用whose)外，其它几个功能都可用that。但命题角度主要以that与which指物时的区别为重点进行命制。例如：（1）Do you have anything in mind _ youd like for supper?Well, _ is OK with me.A. that ; anything B. which ; everythingC. what ; whatever D. where ; something 选A。（2）The wrong youve done him is terrible, for _ you should make an apology to him, I think.A. this B. which C. what D. that 选B。 定语从句的考点之二 正确区分关系代词(that或which)与关系副词when(表时间)、where(表地点)、why(表原因)。重点根据定语从句中所缺成分（即关系词在定语从句中作状语时，使用关系副词when (on which); where(in which); why(for which)；在定语从句中作作主语、宾语或表语时，使用that或which。）来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，绝不能因先行词是时间名词就用when，是地点名词就用where，是reason就用why来确定。因此，认准先行词只是选择关系词的一个方面，更重要的是看其在后面定语从句中充当什么句子成分例如：（3）He should stand near the stage _ he could watch and follow the play.A. where B. when C. that D. there 选A。（4）Do you think the reason _ he gave is believable.A. for which B. which C. why D. what 选B。（5）We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer.A. which B. that C. whose D. when 选D。 定语从句的考点之三 当先行词在定语从句中作主语时，应注意主谓语的一致性及被动语态问题。尤其要注意在考题中不用定语从句，而是用分词短语作定语。例如：（6）The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 选D。（7）The train that stands at platform 7 / standing at platform 7 is for Wuhan.（8）Any article that is left in these buses / left in these buses will be taken at once to the Lost Property Office. 定语从句的考点之四 定语从句中不能再重复与先行词有关的代词或副词。必须牢记定语从句中关系词已经替代先行词并且在定语从句中已经充当其成分，故不能再用相关的代词或副词。例如：（8）He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.A. which I think it is B. which I think isC. which I think it D. I think which is 选B。（9）This is the hospital _ they visited last year and is the one _ I worked in five years agoAthat；where Bwhere；thatCwhere；where Dthat；that 选D。（10）There are dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands.A. that B. which C. where D. when 选C。 定语从句的考点之五 对介词后接关系代词而不接关系副词的考查；当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现介词+关系代词。先行词指物，用介词+which, 指人则用介词+whom, 且两个关系代词均不能省略，介词的选择要遵循两个原则：1.根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。 2.根据先行词特殊用法而定。例如：（11）This flower doesnt do well in soil other than the one_ it has been specially developedAfor which Bthat Cof which Dwhere 选A。（12）Anyway, that evening, _I will tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place.A. when B. where C. what D. which 选D。 定语从句的考点之六 关系代词as的考查。关系代词as引导限制性定语从句时既可指人又可指物。它只能替代由such，the same等修饰的先行词；as引导非限制性定语从句时，可放于句首，句中或置于句尾，而which则只能置于主句之后。但如果定语从句为否定句或表示否定意义，使用which。As引导的定性定语从句有正如之意，而which引导的没有。例如：（13）Our teacher set us such a difficult maths problem _ we could not work out.A. that B. which C. as D. even 选C。（14）Carl said the work would be done by October , _ personally I doubt very much.A. it B. that C. when D. which 选D。（15）_ is reported in the newspaper , talks between the two countries are making progress.A. It B. As C. That D. What 选B。 定语从句的考点之七 解题时要注意题干的内容和句子的结构，（进行必要的语法分析，弄清句子结构。）再行答题。例如：（16）The teacher wanted to teach us _ he knew at this last lesson.A. all which B. all whatC. of which D. everything which 选B。（17）Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment , _ I will always treasure.A. that B. one C. it D. what 选B。（18） Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _went wrong again.A. it repair B. it repairedC. repaired D. to be repaired 选C。（19）_is well-known that Antarctica is difficult to reachA. It B. What C. As D. Which 选 A（20）_is well-known , Antarctica is difficult to reach.A. It B. What C. As D. which 选C。（21）_is well-known is that Antarctica is difficult to reach.A. It B. What C. As D. which 选B。 虽然定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，但只要从定语从句的形式上、结构上和用法上来分析理解和比较，就一定就能把握定语从句的用法。 A组 2012年全国高考题组1.【2012浙江卷，9】We live in an agemore information is available with greater ease than ever before.A. whyB. whenC. to whomD. on which【答案】B【解析】when引导定义从句，在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代）. 此处的when=at which。【考点】定语从句 2.【2012山东卷】23. Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series. A. them B. that C. which D. what【答案】【解析】此处先行词是two novels，后面是一个非限制性定语从句且介词前置，因此用both of which引导。句意：Maria写了两部小说，两部都被拍成了电视剧。【考点】考查非限制性定语从句的用法。3.【2012福建卷】23. The air quality in the city, _is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.A. thatB. it C. as D. what 【考点】本题考查定语从句的引导词【答案】C【解析】本句难点是把定语从句分割出来放在句首就很明了了，把句子转换成 is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定语从句引导词放句首指的是下文所提到的一句话用as引导“正如在 所写的那样”。4.【2012江苏卷】22.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.A. which B. who C. where D. what【考点】定语从句关系代词【答案】B【解析】指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故选B项。5.【2012安徽卷】29. lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A. as B. it C. which D. This【答案】A【解析】如果选择B或D 就出现了两个句子了。本题考查非限制性定语从句,关系代词指整个一句话lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。传统考法是直接把从句放在句首，我不知道这里是不是算作句首，我相信学生们也会是一头雾水吧。【as用在句首，which用在句末，正确答案应该是A】【考点】考查定语从句。6.【2012四川卷】13. In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses.A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them【答案】 C 【考点】本题考查定语从句。【解析】前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中，表所属，应用of。故答案选C。7.【2012陕西卷】14. It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all.A. that B. whereC.whichD. what【答案】C 【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】所填词前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，关系词在从句中做主语，选C。其余选项与题干不符。8.【2012北京卷】26. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 【答案】 B【考点】非限制性定语从句，which作表语。9.【2012全国II】8. That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. that B. which C. what D. when【答案】B【解析】这里that evening是先行词，其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，所以用which。句意：以后我将和你谈起的那个晚上，我工作到了很晚。【考点】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。B组 2008-2011年全国高考题组1.【2011浙江卷）8】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those【答案】A【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】本句中的先行词是several diverse cultures，先行词在从句中做each of的宾语，所有应用关系代词which。2.【2011浙江卷）10】A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. that C. where D. there【答案】C【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】本句中的先行词是the place.，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以应该用关系副词where。3.【2011福建卷）24】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.A. which B. where C. what D. who【答案】A【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】分析句子成分可知，an atmosphere与修饰它的定语从句被for her students隔开，该从句缺少主语，所以用which。4.【2011四川卷）17】The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where【答案】D【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】此处whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词shop，在定语从句中作customers的定语。句意为“这个学校商店，其主顾大多是学生，因为放假就关门了。”5.【2011天津卷）10】The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A. when B. that C. where D. which【答案】A【考点】考察定语从句。【解析】句意为：when引导定语从句修饰The day。are gone为插入语。句意为：全部靠体力挣钱谋生的时代已经过去了。6.【2011陕西卷）11】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A. which B. where C. who D. that【答案】B【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】先行词是hill，表地点，定语从句we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake .句子成分中缺少状语，所以应用关系副词where。，答案选择7.【2010浙江卷】The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city. A. whomB. which C. themD. those【答案】A【考点】本题考查定语从句引导词。【解析】由many之后的逗号和选项特征, 此处是主从句关系, 排除C、D项。由于先行词是 “1,000 people”, 表示人, 故用whom。句意为：这里居住着将近1000人, 他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。8.【2010北京卷】Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that www. ks5u. com/gaokao/beijing【答案】B【考点】本题考查定语从句关系副词的选择。【解析】不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。较简单。本定语从句不缺成分, 为主系表结构, 因此只能在考虑填关系副词。A中的What不能引导定语从句。选B. whose谁的, 符合题意。9.【2009浙江卷】I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A. whichB. whereC. how D. why【答案】B【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】我已经达到人生的一个转折点, 在这转折点, 我得自己拿主意。考查定语从句。先行词是point, 与介词at搭配在从句中作状语。whereat this point。答案B。10.【2009湖南卷】I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A. which B. of which C. that D. whose【答案】D【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】我出生在路易斯安娜州的新奥尔良市, 这是一个看到它的名字就会在我们脑海里浮现出一副绿树成荫、青草萋萋的画面的城市。先行词city在从句中作name的定语, 因此填whose。答案D。11.【2008浙江卷】Yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a month ago.A. when B. where C. that D. which【答案】D【考点】考查非限制性定语从句【解析】which引导非限制性定语从句, 充当bought的宾语。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。12.【2008江苏卷】The Science Museum, we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where【答案】A【考点】考查非限制性定语从句【解析】which引导非限制性定语从句, 指代先行词the Science Museum, 同时又在从句中作visited的宾语。where为关系副词, 不能作宾语；that不能引导非限制性定语从句；what不能引导定语从句。A组 2012年全国模拟题组1.（浙江省奉化市第二中学2012届高三上学期第三次月考，6） It is always those _ forgive first _ achieve more happiness.A. 不填; and B. who; and C. who; that D. that; but2（浙江省岱山县大衢中学2012届高三12月月考（英语）,16）The first snow fell in December in our province last year, was uncommon.AitBwhichCthatDwhat3.（浙江省杭州十四中2012届高三2月月考,6）She may have missed the train, , she wont arrive for another hour. A. in which case B. in this way C. by that means D. in whose case4.（浙江省杭州市建人高复2012届3月月考，8）Mr. Tang has three daughters，_，luckily for him，works as a doctor. A. all of whom B. one of whom C. either of them D. none of who5.（浙江省嘉兴市2012届高三下学期教学质量检查（二），8）Trading leather handbags is the business the Greens have been devoted over the past decade.AwhatBwhereCin whichDto which6.（浙江省金华十校2012届高三模拟考试，5）Social Media, from micro blogs to networking sites, have become platforms_ people are free to share t