近三年广东高考英语语法填空题与高考语法复习.doc

【大纲解析】2014是我省第二年在新课标下实施的高考，考虑到新旧课标的过渡以及部分省区自主命题和对英语高考改革的实际情况，全国高考试题做了一些微调，特别是试题的词汇量、选材的广度和深度、试题的难易度和区分度等方面的局部变化还是有可能的。题型改革具体内容：基于各种原因，删除了建国后高考英语历史上延续数十年的“单句型语言知识题”(合计15题，合计15分)，代之以“语篇型语法填空题”(合计10题，合计15分)，此改良题型考纲称呼为“英语语言知识运用第二节”。此外，在2013考纲基础上更换了所有样题。【备考建议】1.认真研读教学大纲和考试说明以及近年来的考题，多渠道获取信息，把握高考命题的方向，注意及时作出调整。2.复习要依托教材彻底扫除知识结构中理解上的障碍，重视语言基础知识，尤其是词汇的音、形、义和用法。但要防止过多、过细和过深，重点要放在不同的语言情境中灵活运用语言知识。第二轮复习要降低难度，抓基本题型，掌握好基本词汇与基本句型，突出对重点知识的复习。查漏补缺，强化专题训练。建立错题档案，弥补知识漏洞，复习中要加强题型专项训练，在训练中提高解题能力和解题速度。适当加强对重点内容的强化训练和题后分析，提高“考点识别、寻找已知条件、排错求证”的思维能力。3.加强语篇、语境和语义的概念体系，将语言知识灵活准确地加以运用，只有正确理解语境、语义，才能把握文章的脉络。要增加知识和阅读的储备量，扩大知识面，既要理解字面意思，也要理解深层含义，根据所给材料，进行合理的推理判断。每天做一定量略高于自己水平的完形填空和阅读理解也很必要，题材和体裁要多样化。不要刻意去看表，控制自己的速度，这样反而会打乱自己的步伐，浪费时间。检验时间是否来得及可以在做整套练习卷时用正常的速度检测。4.要明确自己的问题，善于发现自己的不足，及时释惑。5.加强写作训练。从基本词汇和五个基本句型的积累运用入手，力求地道、通顺，然后运用较高级词汇和结构，以提高文章档次；还应注意正确使用表逻辑关系的关联词，以使文章连贯紧凑。另外，通过多背诵范文增加储备，督促学生定期围绕不同体裁、题材进行写作练习。强化答题和书写规范训练，卷面要整洁，使答卷赏心悦目，提高成绩。近三年广东高考英语语法填空题与高考语法复习摘要：语法填空题旨在考查考生对高中英语新课程标准中基本语法知识分析和运用能力。本文研究探讨了近三年广东高考英语语法填空题的命题特点，具体统计了所考查的考点及对高考语法复习的一些浅见，以期抛砖引玉。关键词：命题特点 考点分布 语法复习随着新课程改革的稳步推进，自2007年始广东省高考英语试题结构做出相应改变新增加了语法填空题，至2009年广东省高考语法填空题题型已经趋于稳定。语法填空立足语篇，意在考查考生对高中英语新课程标准中基本语法知识分析和运用能力。该题以语篇形式检测语言知识运用，问题既不设置于句子层面，也不提供任何选项。从语用上体现了高中英语新课程标准的理念，实现了从“题感”向“语感”培养的回归。一、 语法填空的命题形式及特点。语法填空题要求考生在10分钟内阅读一篇大约200个词的短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在10个语法填空的每个空格处填如一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。通过分析近三年广东高考英语试题可以看到命题以句子结构的正确性和上下文连贯性为出发点这就决定了在解题过程中必然要分析句子结构和理解上下文。语法填空题考查考生在语篇层面上理解并应用语法知识的能力，考试采用填空的形式，而不是选择填空。语法填空题要求考生必须具备较好的语法分析能力，而不只是语法辨析能力。 语法分析以分析句子结构为主，包括句子的基本结构和扩展成分；句子成分之间的一致性如主谓一致、时态一致；句子的篇章制约及句子的意义制约。答题要求决定了命题形式分为括号提示和纯空格两种。括号提示题侧重考查词法（动词时态、语态、祈使语气、虚拟语气及非谓语动词）包括构词法（名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的词形转换及前后缀所引起的词义变化）；纯空格题侧重考查根据上下文行文逻辑和前后照应关系选择功能词（介词、代词、冠词等）及句法中复合句的连词。二近三年广东高考英语语法填空题解析与考点分布。2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(广东卷)第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填人一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为3l-40的相应位置上。I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honor of receiving me 33 a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35 small town some 20 kilometers away 36 there was a garage. I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. 37 villagers brought me goats cheese and hone. We drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into the night. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 39 the trouble I had caused 40 .解析：31. broke 由全文可知这是叙述过去的经历，用一般过去式；再说was/were doingwhen did是一个固定句型，when后面的句子的谓语用一般过去时，表示“正在做某事，就在这个时候发生了另一事”。32. who 引导宾语从句且在从句中作主语，可知“有幸接接待我”的应是表示人的who。33. as 意为 “把我当作客人”来接待。34. settled 由settle sb. into/in/on(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知，me与settle是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补。35. a 指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的“一个小镇”。表示“一个”，用不定冠词。36. where 先行词是a small town，并在定语从句中作状语，用where (=in which)引导定语从句。注意，先行词与定语从句被some 20 kilometers away隔开了。37. Other 拿goats cheese and honey来给我的应是“其他的”村民。38. merrily 修饰动词talked作状语，应用副词merrily。39. for 表示“因而酬谢/报答某人”是reward sb. for sth.，类似的表达还有thank sb. for sth.; praise sb. for sth.; punish sb. for sth.等。40. her这是因为cause sb. trouble (给某人造成麻烦)是固定搭配。2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(广东卷) Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life. 31 these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story. It is said that a shorttempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help 33 rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about 34 day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected. One day, he came up with an idea 35 he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. He was very tired 36 doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 38 (high). His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 (nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention.解析：31. Behind/In 指“在中国的这些成语故事的背后”，表示“在之后”，用介词behind；也可理解为“在这些成语故事里”，所以也可以用介词In。 32. to help 不定式做目的状语。33. his由上文中的a crop和下文中的his crop, the crop等可知，此处填限定词；这个急性子人当然是急于使他自己的禾苗长得快，故填his。 34. it/this代替前文中的(how) to help his crop grow up quickly。 35. that 同位语从句。36. after /from他感到很累应是在他做了一整天事之后，表示“在之后”，动名词前面用介词after；另外，be tired from doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“因做某事而累”。 37. but 根据逻辑关系应该用转折语气。 38. higher 和拔苗之前比较更高。39. natural 词性变化，应该用形容词。40. results Being too anxious to help an event develop 做主语，谓语用单数；客观真理用一般现在时。2009年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(广东卷) Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult 31 was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wished that he was as easy 32 (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not 33 pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or 34 (push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. Jane paused in front of a counter 35 some attractive ties were on display. “They are real silk ,” the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price.” But Jane knew from past experience that her 36 (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes 37 sale. She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please 38 . When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already 39 table having supper. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at least decided to stop smoking, ” Jane 40 (informed).解析：31. it 代词作remembered 后面how引导的感叹句式宾语从句的形式主语真正主语是to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father32. to please 动词不定式 作wished后面的宾语从句主语he的主语补足语 固定句型结构 主语+ be + adj. +动词不定式 动词不定式与该结构的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。33. a 冠词 “一次”愉快的经历。34. pushed 谓语动词 由该空前面的people stepped on your feet or 尤其是并列连词or可知这里是前后时态语态一致的并列谓语动词。35. where 关系副词。in front of a counter中counter是表示地点的先行词且some attractive ties were on display是一个主谓(主系表)完整的句子所以是关系副词where引导的定语从句。36. choice 动词 该空前面是形容词性物主代词her 用来修饰限定名词。37. on 介词。 介词短语on sale“出售；特价的” 作found some good quality pipes中宾语pipes的宾语补足语38. him 宾格人称代词。指的是her father.39. at介词。介词短语 at table “在进餐”。40. was informed谓语动词. 时态为一般过去 语态为被动“被告知；获知”2007年-2009年广东英语高考考点分布：测试内容与形式2007年2008年2009年形式内 容题号答 案题号答 案题号答 案纯空格题冠词35a33a介词上下文39for31Behind/In固定短语搭配33as36after /from37on 39at代词物主代词33his指示代词/人称代词40her34this/it38him不定代词37Other31it连词从属连词定语从句36where35where名词性从句32who35that状语从句并列连词转折关系37but/yet有括号提示题动词非谓语动词不定式32to help32to pleaseed分词34settleding分词谓语动词时态31broke40results34pushed语态40was informed比较等级38higher词性转换名词转换为形容词39natural形容词转换为副词38merrily动词转换为名词36choice由上表可知语法填空题纯空格集中考查语法中词法包括冠词、介词、代词和句法中的并列句、复合句包括名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句；有括号提示的题主要考查教材中常见构词法、形容词或副词比较等级，谓语动词的常用时态及语态，非谓语动词的常用形式。 三高考语法复习的启示。万丈高楼平地起，没有坚固的词汇语法等语言基础就谈不上建成英语学习的高楼大厦。在语法填空题的解题过程中学生必须具备较扎实的语言基础知识既语法分析能力。纵观近三年广东英语高考对高考的英语复习有以下启示：1. 明确考点，有的放矢高三复习任务重但时间有限不可能面面俱到，所以高考语法复习在构建高考必备语法知识网络的同时必须有所侧重。例如高中语法复习的难点非谓语动词的复习如果面面俱到既耗时耗力又收效甚微，造成学生的诸多困惑，所以复习时应以其常用形式及用法为主。2. 精讲专练，不断强化高三的复习不同于高一，高二的教学，它是在前面两年的已经学习的知识的基础上温故知新，去粗取精，强化分析问题、解决问题的能力的重要阶段。这个阶段必须集中解决学生复习的时效，语言实践和实效这些突出矛盾。所以要突出精讲，讲那些学生容易困惑的知识点并作针对性的训练。例如同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别，我们可以从意义、语法功能方面进行比较：1)意义:同位语从句所表达的内容与前面名词所指是一致的可以划等号.2)语法功能:同位语从句中的that只是一个连词不充当成分;而定语从句中的that充当主语/宾语.3)名词:同位语从句前的名词多表示概括意义的抽象名词.名词后从句是定语从句还是同位语从句,用is 将名词和从句连接后从意义和逻辑上判定，可以连接是