备考高考英语短语动词有技巧.doc

备考高考英语短语动词有技巧一、弄清高考英语短语动词的命题特点 短语动词是高考英语一个十分重要的考点，且这类考点的特点非常明显，即它们主要涉及由 do， go， get， set， put， have， give，call， take， turn， come， make， keep， bring，look， die， save， pick， work， watch， blow， burst 等常用动词所构成的短语动词。比如2005年全国15道短语动词考题共涉及12个常用动词，它们是 ask， cut， get， see， give， have， come， pick， bring， put， make， refer 等；2006年全国12道短语动词考题共涉及21个常用动词，它们是 come，go，get，look，take，make，break，work，call，turn，keep，bring，pick，put，set，fix，die，blow，draw，save，watch 等。尤其有趣的是，2006年的湖北卷竟在有限的15道单项填空题中考查了4道短语动词辨析题，它们是： 1. Its already 10 oclock. I wonder how it that she was two hours late on such a short trip.（2006湖北卷） A. came over B. came out C. came aboutD. came up 2. The building around the corner caught fire last night. The police are now the matter.（2006湖北卷） A. seeing through B. working outC. looking intoD. watching over 3. As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain， the visit to the village scenes of my childhood.（2006湖北卷） A. called up B. called for C. called on D. called in 4. Although the wind has，the rain remains steady，so you still need a raincoat.（2006湖北卷） A. turned up B. gone back C. died down D. blown out 【解说】答案分别是CCAC。其中第1题的 come about 意思是“发生”，空格前的 it 为形式主语，其后的 that she was two hours late on such a short trip 为主语从句。第2题的 look into 意为“调查”。第3题的 call up 意为“唤起”“使（人）想起”。第4题的 die down 意为“变弱”“逐渐停止”“渐渐消失”。 二、把握高考英语短语动词的三种常考类型 英语短语动词由动词后接介词或副词小品词构成，这类小品词主要包括 in， on， into， to， out， up， down， off， away， over， about， along 等。具体说来，高考英语对短语动词的考查主要涉及以下三种类型： 1. 动词相同，但小品词不同 With no one to in such a frightening situation，she felt very helpless.（2006陕西卷） A. turn toB. turn onC. turn offC. turn over 【解说】答案选 A。turn to 在此表示“求助于”。 2. 动词不同，但小品词相同 For all these years I have been working for others. Im hoping Ill my own business some day.（2006江西卷） A. turn upB. fix up C. set upD. make up 【解说】答案选 C。set up 在此表示“成立”“建立”。 3. 动词不同，小品词也不同 How are you managing to do your work without an assistant？ Well，I somehow.（2006重庆卷） A. get along B. come on C. watch out D. set off 【解说】答案选 A。get along 在此表示“进行”“进展”。 三、归纳高考英语常考短语动词18个热点 下面为同学们归纳了18个高考英语经常考查的用于构成短语动词的常用动词，同时还为同学们整理出了由这些常用动词所构成的热点短语动词考点。记住它们，并在做题时结合语境灵活地理解它们，在做短语动词考题时就不会再丢分了。 1. break break away （from）突然逃离；断绝往来，脱离；改掉，破除 break down（机器等）坏了；（计划等）失败；（谈话等）中断； （健康等）变坏；感情失去控制 break in 突然进来，强行进入；插嘴，打岔；训练，使适应 break into强行进入；突然起来；打断，插嘴；占用时间 break off停止讲话；暂停，休息；（使）折断 break out（火灾、战争等）突然发生，爆发 break through 突破；克服，征服；强行穿过；（太阳等）从云层里出来 break up 解散，驱散；（学校等）放假；结束，破裂；击碎；绝交 break with 与绝交，与决裂 2. bring bring about 引起；实现；导致 bring around 使改变观点或看法；使苏醒；顺便把某人带来串门 bring back 送还；使想起；使恢复 bring down击落；打死，打伤；使倒下；降低 bring forth 产生，引起 bring in 收获；获利；介绍，引进；聘请；逮捕 bring off从船上救出；设法做成 bring on 带来；引起；促使生长；帮助提高 bring out取出，拿出；显示出；使出来；出版 bring over 说服；使改变（思想等） bring through 使度过（困难，危机等） bring together使和解 bring up 提出，提起；抚养，培养；呕吐 3. call call at （车船等）停靠；到（某地）拜访 call away叫走，叫开；转移（注意力等） call back唤回，叫回；回电话，再打电话 call for喊（某人）来，喊人取来（某物）；来或去取（某物）， 来或去接（某人）；需要，要求 call in 叫进，请进；找来，请来；来访 call off叫走，转移开；取消，不举行 call （up）on拜访，看望 call out大声叫（喊）；叫出去；召唤，请来，调去 call up（给）打电话；想起，回忆起 4. come come about（某情况）发生 come across被理解；给予印象；（偶然）发现或遇见 come along 一道去；赶快；出现 come for来取，来拿；来找 come on 跟着来；快点；来吧 come out出来，出现；开花 come over 来访，来玩 come to 来到，来参加；合计；有意义；有价值；苏醒；谈到，说到 5. cut cut down砍倒；削减，压缩，缩减 cut in 插入，插话；插队；超车 cut off切断，隔断，断绝 cut out剪成；戒掉 cut up切碎；抨击；歼灭 6. die die away（声音、风、光线等）渐息，渐弱 die down（慢慢）熄灭；平静下来 die off 一个一个地死去 die out（家族、习俗、观念等）灭绝，绝迹 7. fix fix on 选定；确定；决定 fix sb up with为某人安排或提供 fix up 决定；安排；清理；修理，整理 8. get get about到处走动，旅行；传播，流传 get along离开；相处；进展 get away 离开，逃离；逃避责罚，免受处罚 get back 返回；取回 get down下来；取下；放下；写下；打下；吞下 get down to开始做，认真处理 get in 进站，到达；请来；插话；收获 get off起飞；动身，出发；下班；下车；从轻处罚，被放过 get on 上车；进行，进展；相处 get out出来，出去，离开；拿出，取出；出版，发表；泄漏，传出 get out of 逃避，躲掉；使说出；放弃；戒除 get over 走过，越过，渡过；克服，战胜；恢复，痊愈 get through做完，用完，吃完；通过（考试）；接通（电话）；度过（时间） get together聚会，联欢 get up起床，起身；打扮；举办 9. give give away 分发，赠送；背弃；暴露 give in上交；让步，投降 give off 发出（光、热、声音、气味等） give out 分发，散发；用完；垮掉；失灵，出故障；发表； 发出（热、声音等） give up放弃，戒掉；交出，让出；投降，认输 10. go go away 离开；消失；变淡 go back 返回；追溯；重操旧业；改变主意；违背 go by （时间）消逝；依办；根据判断 go on （时间）消逝；继续；上场；发生；（灯）亮 go over 检查；复习；转至；使干净；反应（如何） go out （灯）熄；不流行 11. look look after照顾（某人）；看管（某事物） look around环顾四周 look at看；看待；看得上；检查；考虑 look for 寻找；寻求；期待 look into调查；窥视 look on 旁观 look out 小心；留意；找出 look up仰视；好转；查寻；探望 12. make make for走向；有助于；促进 make out理解；看清， （勉强）辨认出；填写；假装 make up 构成，组成；编写，编辑；编造；和解；弥补；化妆；凑足； 准备好 13. pick pick out 选择；找出 pick up捡起；收拾，整理；学会，获得；（用车）来接，去取；改善；继续；感染（疾病等） 14. put put away收拾；放弃，打消；存蓄 put down放下；写下；使下车；镇压，击败 put off推迟；推脱；使不高兴 put on穿，戴；上演；装（样子）；开（灯等）；增加 put out扑灭，使熄灭；生产；公布，发表；打扰，使不高兴 put up举起，架起，撑起；盖起，修建；张贴，挂；住宿，留宿 15. see see about负责处理（安排）see off为送行 see out送某人出门；度过，熬过；进行到底 see through看穿，识破；帮助度过（困难等）；进行到底 16. set set about开始，着手 set against 使敌视，使对立 set apart 使与众不同；留出，拨出（时间、金钱等） set aside 留出，拨出（时间、金钱等）；把置于一旁，不理会 set back 推迟，耽搁；使花费 set down写下，记下 set in 开始，来临 set off出发，启程；导致，引起；使运转；使爆炸 set on袭击，攻击 set out动身，起程；开始，着手；摆放，摆设；陈述，解释 set up创办，成立，建立；竖立，架起；组织，计划，安排； 创下（纪录）；开业，开始经商；安装 17. take take away 拿走，带走；消除（病痛等）；减去 take down 取下；记下；拆掉；吞下；病倒 take out 拔掉；切除；带（某人）出去；获得 take off 脱掉（衣）；（飞机）起飞；（突然）离去；受欢迎 take up 占去；占据；以作为爱好或消遣；从事；改短（衣物）；吸收 18. turn turn into 拐入；进入；（使）变成；（使）成为 turn off 关掉；使厌烦；转入另一条路；不注意 turn on打开（收音机、电视机等）；展示；进攻；以为议题 turn over翻转；反复考虑；营业额达到；移交 turn to翻到；求助于；转向；积极行动 turn up将（音量）调大；找到，发现；出现 turn down 调小（音量）；拒绝 turn out 结果是；证明是；露面 四、高考英语常考短语动词强化训练 1. When the woman came back home，she had no idea how it that her husband met with trouble again. A. came aboutB. came out C. came up D. came across 2. Youll never all your homework tonight if you dont fix your attention on it. A. get on with B. get back C. get inD. get through 3. Will you this passage to see if there is any misprint？ A. pick out B. make up C. go overD. look into 4. If you your name and address on the card，well send the book to you as soon as it is returned. A. fill in B. carry out C. go overD. find out 5. When you write an article，be sure to the points of your argument carefully. A. set outB. set offC. see offD. let out 6. He made a speech at the conference，folk music. A. hearing fromB. thinking of C. carrying onD. dealing with 7. The scientists are now trying to discover what use could be such material. A. made out B. made up C. made ofD. made from 8. I from the crowd an old friend of mine whom I hadnt seen for ten years. A. figured outB. picked out C. gave out D. went out 9. What do you think of our plan？ It will certainly ；it is a great idea. A. turn intoB. pay back C. pay forD. pay off 10. The funny story a loud laugh in the classroom. A. got offB. set off C. took offD. turned out 11. The company is going to the free samples tomorrow. A. hand downB. hand over C. hand out D. hand in 12. The boy，wanting to be independent，his fathers offer of help. A. turned awayB. turned out C. turned downD. turned up 13. Our flight was by the thick fog. So we didnt attend the meeting on time. A. brok