BEC高级精讲班第5讲讲义.doc

BEC高级精讲班第5讲讲义 Home work review学习重点1 Homework review2 Vocabulary study3 Exhibiting at a trade fair4 Replying to an enquiry5 HomeworkI. Homework reviewOver the 25-year period considered, the United Kingdom has always had prices higher than both France and Germany, except for the early/mid 1980s and during the early 1990s when French prices were higher.Over the 25 years, the United Kingdom prices have varied dramatically, peaking at about 24% in 1976. But through several fluctuating rises and falls, they have progressively come down, closing in 1994, at around 5% and rising only slightly the next year, lower than the French.French and German prices have always varied only slightly from each other within a maximum range of 12%, with French prices staying higher than German prices from 1972 onwards. The French prices fluctuated between 4% (1971) to 12% (1984), ending higher than the UK. In contrast, German prices are generally the lowest ones in the three countries. The prices were below 7% during the 25 years.2. Exercise 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Self-study Unit 2b. Exercise 2(1)launch a takeover bidrock verbtransitivea) to make the people in a place or organization feel very shocked - used in news reports 新闻用语：让人感到震惊synonym shakeThe scandal rocked the nation. 这次丑闻震惊了这个国家。b) to make the future of something seem less certain or steady than it was before, especially because of problems or changes 动荡synonym shakeAnother financial blow has rocked the industry. 另一次金融打击让这个行业动荡不安。The theory rocked the foundations of social and moral life. 这个理论动摇了社会和道德生活的基础。(2)merging with (3)lead to long-term growth in sales(4)a competitive advantagesecure verb transitiveGET/ACHIEVEto get or achieve something that will be permanent, especially after a lot of effort 努力后获得Boyds goal secured his teams place in the Cup Final. 的入球确保他所在的球队在世界杯决赛中的地位。secure a deal/contract 获得一笔买卖/一个合同The company recently secured a $20 million contract with Ford. 这家公司最近与福特公司签订了一笔价值2千万美元的合同。Negotiators are still working to secure the hostages release. 谈判人员还在就人质释放的事情努力着。Redgrave won his third Olympic gold medal, and secured his place in history. .获得了他奥运会上的第三块金牌，确保了他在历史上的地位。SAFE FROM HARMto make something safe from being attacked, harmed, or lost 使.安全Troops were sent to secure the border. 军队派来保护边境的安全。secure something against somebody/somethingThey built a 10ft high fence to secure the house against intruders. 他们修建了10英尺高的围墙保护这座房子不受入侵者的威胁。an agreement to secure the future of the rainforest 一项旨在保护雨林未来的协议BORROWING MONEYif you secure a debt or a loan, you legally promise that if you cannot pay back the money you have borrowed, you will give the lender goods or property of the same value instead 抵押贷款He used his house to secure the loan.他用自己的房子作了抵押贷款。advantage noun1 uncountable and countable something that helps you to be more successful than others, or the state of having thisopposite disadvantageadvantage overHer experience meant that she had a big advantage over her opponent.His height gives him an advantage over the other players.Companies that receive government subsidies have an unfair advantage.Western countries enjoyed considerable advantages in terms of technology.Younger workers tend to be at an advantage when applying for jobs.It might be to your advantage to take a computer course of some kind.2 uncountable and countable a good or useful quality or condition that something hasadvantage ofOne of the many advantages of living in New York is that you can eat out at almost any time of day.The hotel is not very modern, but it does have the advantage of being close to the city centre.advantage overThe printer has several advantages over conventional printers.big/great/considerable advantage The big advantage of this system is that it is fast.(5)benefits(6)streamline(7)restructuring programme(8)acquisition3.achieve economies of scaleintegrate different culturesadd long-term valueundercut competitors pricesreduce operating costsgenerate cost improvements4.(1)to (agree to)(2)is(3)that (4)its(5)whether(6)not(7)while(8)such VocabularystudyVocabulary study-一组易混淆词汇用法解析I think the sectors going to see lots of consolidation activity as the bigger players look to buy talent and market share. Lycos, for example, has just acquired Hotbot, one of its rivals.talent noun1 uncountable and countable a natural ability to do something well 才华He has a lot of talent, and his work is fresh and interesting.talent forShe showed a talent for acting at an early age.a persuasive speaker with a natural talent for leadership His latest book reveals hidden talents. Sadly, she inherited none of her fathers musical talent. Your brother is a man of many talents. Theres a wealth of talent in English football.talent forShe showed a talent for acting at an early age.2 uncountable a person or people with a natural ability or skill 有才华的人Britains footballing talent 英国的足球天才revenue noun uncountable also revenues1 money that a business or organization receives over a period of time, especially from selling goods or servicesadvertising revenue Strikes have cost £20 million in lost revenues .2 money that the government receives from taxan increase in tax revenues of 8.4%turnover noun1 singular, uncountable British English the amount of business done during a particular periodturnover ofThe illicit非法的 drugs industry has an annual turnover of some £200 bn.turnover rose/fell Turnover rose 9%.2 singular, uncountable the rate at which people leave an organization and are replaced by othersturnover ofLow pay accounts for the high turnover.staff/labour turnover a high degree of labour turnover among women3 countable a small fruit piean apple turnovercost noun1 countable the amount of money that you have to pay in order to buy, do, or produce something 价格cost ofthe cost of accommodation I offered to pay the cost of the taxi. Insurance to cover the cost of a funeral is possible.This doesnt include the cost of repairing the damage. The new buildings going up at a cost of $82 million. low cost housing the high cost of production A cassette/radio is included at no extra cost. The funds will just cover the museums running costs.2 costs plurala) the money that you must regularly spend in order to run a business, a home, a car etc 成本reduce/cut costs We have to cut costs in order to remain competitive.At this rate well barely cover our costs (=make enough money to pay for the things we have bought).the travel costs incurred in attending the meeting (=money you have to spend) Because of the engines efficiency the car has very low running costs (=the cost of owning and using a car or machine).3 uncountable and countable something that you lose, give away, damage etc in order to achieve something 代价at (a) cost to somebodyShe had kept her promise to Christine, but at what cost to herself?social/environmental etc cost the environmental cost of such mining projectsThey need to weigh up the costs and benefits (=disadvantages and advantages) of regulation.Hes determined to win, whatever the cost (=no matter how much work, money, risk etc is needed).We must avoid a scandal at all costs (=whatever happens).costverb1 past tense and past participle costlinking verb to have a particular priceA full days activities will cost you £45.His proposals could cost the taxpayer around £8 billion a year.How much would it cost us to replace? not cost somebody a penny (=cost nothing) It wont cost you a penny for the first six months. cost a (small) fortune/a pretty penny (=have a very high price) Its costing us a fortune in phone bills. cost a bomb/a packet British English (=have a very high price) What a fantastic dress. It must have cost a bomb!Lighting can change the look of a room and neednt cost the earth (=have a price which is too high).Getting that insured is going to cost you an arm and a leg (=have a very high price).2 cost somebody their job/life/marriage etcwhen something makes you lose your job etc失去.Joes brave action cost him his life. His strong stand on the issue could have cost him his job. Bad management could be costing this club a chance at the title.3 cost somebody dear/dearlyto make someone suffer a lot or to lose something important 代价惨重A couple of missed chances in the first half cost them dear. The scandal has cost Nicholson dearly.ReplyingtoanenquiryReplying to an enquirySpeaking.dates, duration, location, size, focus, stand size, cost, facilities (car parking, catering, etc.) Reading.show something to (good/great) advantageto make the best features of someone or something very noticeable 让某人或某物的优势展现出来Her dress showed her tanned skin to great advantage. 她的裙子将她古铜色的皮肤充分的展现出来。showcase noun countable1 an event or situation that is designed to show the good qualities of a person, organization, product etc供亮相的地方showcase forThe new musical is a good showcase for her talents. 这出新编的音乐剧是展现她才华的好舞台。2 a glass box containing objects for people to look at in a shop, at an art show etc（商店或博物馆）玻璃陈列柜，showcase verb transitive She wants to showcase African-American literature. 她想展现出他在非洲裔美国人文学方面的才华。someadverbsome 500 people/50%/£100 etcan expression meaning about 500 people, 50%, £100 etc - used especially when this seems a large number or amount 形容数字之重She gained some 25 pounds in weight during pregnancy. 她在怀孕期间体重增加了25磅之多。mail order noun uncountablea method of buying and selling in which the buyer chooses goods at home and orders them from a company which sends them by post 邮购by mail orderIt is available by mail order from Green Life Products. 你可以通过邮购方式获得“绿色生活产品”。a mail order catalogue 邮购目录accompany verbtransitivepast tense and past participle accompanied present participle accompanying third person singular accompanies1 to go somewhere with someone 陪伴Children under 14 must be accompanied by an adult.14岁以下儿童应该有成年人陪同。Wherever her husband went, she would accompany him. 无论她的丈夫了哪里，她都愿意跟着他。2 to play a musical instrument while someone sings a song or plays the main tune 伴奏Daniel wanted Liz to accompany him on violin.3 usually passive to happen or exist at the same time as something else 同时发生The disease is accompanied by sneezing and fever. 这种病还伴随打喷嚏和发烧。4 if a book, document etc accompanies something, it comes with it 同时到来Please see accompanying booklet for instructions. 请看同时寄去的小册子，可以得到更多说明。Your passport application form should be accompanied by two recent photographs. 与你护照申请表同时寄来的还应该有两张近照。stand noun countableFOR SUPPORTa piece of furniture or equipment used to hold or support something 支撑物a music standa cake standHe adjusted the microphone stand. coat stand/hat stand (=for hanging coats or hats on)FOR SELLINGa table or small structure used for selling or showing things 展台British Equivalent: stall a hotdog stand an exhibition stand The shop was crowded with display stands and boxes. One week three magazines hit the stands (=became available to buy) with Peace Corps stories.booth noun countable1 a small partly enclosed place where one person can do something privately, such as use the telephone or votea voting booth 投票亭2 a small partly enclosed structure or tent where you can buy things, play games, or get information, usually at a market or a faira crafts booth 手工艺品小售货亭 Manesty Clothes Ltd 15 Clifton Court Manchester MR3 5PY Tel. 0161 932 2628 Fax 0161 932 2884Your ref:Our ref:LD/ sa Production ManagerSuntrek FabricsBox 167 Brown Street POFrance 22 January 1999Dear Sir or MadamRe: Visit to France I am now planning my next trip to Europe, and I would be very pleased if we could meet to discuss our production requirements for next year. I hope to be in France on April 3 and 4. Would it be convenient to visit you on April 3 at 10.30 am? I would be grateful if you would tell me exactly where your offices are located.I look forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfullyJohn BurrowsJohn BurrowsSenior Buyer1. Writers address or company letterhead: at the top or in the top right-hand corner. The writers name is not at the top of the letter.信头: 在信的顶端或右上角，写信人的姓名不留在信头部分。2Date：on the right. Various forms of the date are possible.日期: 在信纸的右端。日期的写法可以采取多种形式。3Reference: is useful for filing. It tells you who wrote and signed the letter (the boss) and then who typed it (the secretary). A reference may also include a file number and a date.编号: 这对信件进行分类存档非常有用。它告诉你这封信是谁由起草并签署的（经理），是由谁打出来的（秘书）。编号中也可包括档案号和日期。在日期的下面是编号这一项，即Your ref: , Our ref: LD/ sa。上面的LD说明是Lewis Davison写的，他的秘书Sarah Aspinal打出来的。LD 和SA是他们两个人姓名首写字母的缩写。4 Addressee：on the left. If you are writing to another country, write the country in the address.收信人情况: 在信纸的左边。如果收信人在国外，那么就应该将收信人所在的国家也写进地址中。收信人情况包括：1) 收信人姓名 (name of addressee)2) 职衔 (title of addressee)3) 公司名称（name of company）收信人地址 (address of addressee)5. （1）Salutation：Use the name of the reader if you know it, without the initial. If you do not, write Dear Sirs to a company, Dear sir to a man, Dear Madam to a woman or Dear Sir or Madam if you do not know the sex of the reader.称呼: 如果你知道收信人姓名的话，就应该写出来，但是不要写他的首字母缩写。当这封信是写给公司时，应该用Dear Sirs, 当这封信是写给不知道姓名的人的时候，应该写成Dear sir,Dear Madam 或者是 Dear Sir or Madam。在美国英语中，通常用Gentlemen。（2）Complimentary Close：Yours faithfully if you do not know the readers name. Yours sincerely if you do (US Yours truly or Sincerely yours )结束语：如果不知道收信人是谁的情况下应该使用Yours faithfully美国英语是Faithfully yours或Faithfully，如果知道收信人是谁，就用 Yours sincerely。 美国英语是Yours truly 或 Sincerely yours或Sincerely。当你知道收信人姓名时：称呼可以写成：Dear Mr Cox(收信人为男性时)Dear Mrs Cox(收信人为已婚女性时)Dear Miss Cox(收信人为未婚女性时)Dear Ms Cox(收信人为女性，但你不清楚她的婚姻状况时)结束语都应该是:Yours sincerely当你不知道收信人的姓名时：称呼可以写成：Dear Sir or Madam （当你不知道收信人的姓名以及性别时）Dear Sir (to a man) （当你写给一位不知名的男性时）Dear Madam (to a woman) （当你写给一位不知名的女性时）结束语都应该是:Yours faithfully当你写信给一个公司或一个部门时：称呼可以写成：Dear Sirs结束语应该是：Yours faithfully当你写给一个关系很近的人或这封信并不正式时:称呼可以写成:Dear Lucy直接使用收信人的名（first name）结束语可以写成:With best wishes / With kind regards / Best wishes6. Subject：Sometimes we write a heading at the top of the letter. It tells us exactly what the letter is about.主题: 主题行出现在一封信称呼和正文之间。它告诉我们这封信要说明的是什么。 从上面那封信的主题部分我们可以看出那封信是有关John Burrows出差去法国的事情。有的时候还可以使用Re：即单词regarding的缩写，它也表示信的主题，是“关于”的意思。7Body：start a new paragraph for each new idea or subject. Leave a line space between each paragraph. Do not break words at the end of a line.正文: 每当讲到一个新的主题或意思的时候，就应该另起一段。当你使用齐头式的书写格式时你应该在段与段之间空一行。不要在一行的末尾将一个单词隔开。但是在这里大家需要注意正文的书写格式。英文书信在书写时同样也有格式上的要求。我们可以从上面给出的那封信中发现，正文的三个段落与收信人情况、称呼、主题、结束语以及写信人姓名都位于一条竖线上，我们称这种格式为齐头式（Block Style）。我们在写信时可以用这种齐头式的格式来书写， 因为这种格式清楚易读，是现代书信中经常采用的格式。8Signature，Writers full name，Position / Title 签名、写信人姓名和写信人的职位 / 称呼Punctuation: in modern business letters punctuation not used in the headings and endings of a letter. Normal punctuation is used in the body of the letter. 最后请大家注意：如果你很仔细地看上面那封信的话，你就会发现在写信人和收信人的地址中、称呼和结束语的后面都不使用任何的标点符号。所以大家在今后的书信写作中也可以将上述几处地方的标点符号省略。但是正文中还应使用标点符号。 Example letter 214D Fernleaf Road Singapore 15 Tel 369912510 October 1999The Personnel ManagerInternational Commercial BankPark BuildingSingapore 10229Dear Sir I enclose my completed application form for the position of secretary.Yours faithfullyJuliana ChuJuliana ChuEncEnc是英文单词enclosure的缩写形式，它的含义是在一封信中再另外寄去一件或几件物品。在上面那封信中，写信人Juliana Chu随信寄去了她已填好的申请表(completed application form)，所以她在信的最后写上Enc字样，表明她希望收信人能够注意查收。如果你也有物品希望对方在收信时查收的话，那么你也应该在信件的最后写上Enc的字样。Layout of a business letterBasic Business Letter Terminology书信写作的常用句型及表达方法 一封信能否发挥它的作用关键在于它的内容，即正文部分 (body of the letter)。那么，如何能写好一封信呢？这除了大家平时对语言的积累外，在书信写作时，这里面还是有一定规律可循的。所以我们专门就书信表达时经常会碰到的一些情况作一个归纳总结。在我们写信时，我们经常会碰到以下一些情况：l stating the reference at the beginning of the letterl explaining the reason for writing l requestingl thankingl enclosing documentsl apologising l agreeing to requests l confirmingl giving bad newsl expressing urgencyl ending the letter下面我们就来看一下都有哪些句型可以用来表达上面的情况。1 Stating the reference at the beginning of the letter（介绍这封信的背景资料）我们在一封信的开始不会很突兀地就展开正文，总是会给读信的人一个提示。比如，在你看到一张报纸上的招聘广告后，如果你对其中的一个职位很感兴趣，这时你就会给这家公司写信。因此在这封信的开始，你为了能将事情的来龙去脉说清楚，你肯定会写上这样一句话，在看了贵公司在´月´日在´报纸上的刊登的招聘广告后，我对´´职位很感兴趣。这样的写法会让读信人在读信时一目了然，很快搞清这封信的意图。 我们在写英文信时也有同样的道理，在每封信的开始最好是将你的信件与某件事情有所联系。在英文中，你要想表达这样的含义可以使用以下的表达方法：1) With reference to 这个词组的含义是“关于，就而言”，在介词to后面的内容应该就是你所指代的事情了。比如:With reference to your advertisement in the Times of/dated12th December, . .(关于贵公司12月12日在泰晤士报所刊登的广告，。 )With reference to your letter of/dated 11th March, .(关于你在3月11日写来那封信，