举例说名非谓语动词.doc

举例说名非谓语动词一、过去分词过去分词是非谓语动词一种重要形式，它在句中可作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。1过去分词作定语过去分词作定语，作用相当于一个定语从句。Whats the language (that is) spoken in that area? 那个地区讲的是什么语言？ The book，(which was) written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners. 这本书写于1957年，讲的是关于矿工斗争的故事2过去分词作状语过去分词作状语，可以表示原因、时间、条件、方式和伴随情况。Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. 有了著名的侦探的指点，年轻的女士不再害怕了。 When heated, water can be changed into steam. 水加热后可以变成蒸气。 Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better. 如果多注意一些，这些大白菜还可以长得更好。The hunter left his house, followed by his dog. 猎人离开了屋子，后面跟着他的狗。He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 他满脸是汗地冲进屋内。 二、动词不定式1省略“to”的动词不定式to是动词不定式常常带有的小品词，是动词不定式的标志。但在下列情况下它常常被省略掉。(1) 作感官动词see，watch，hear，feel，notice等的宾语补足语时。We felt the house shake. 我们感到房屋摇晃。(2) 作使役动词make，let，have等的宾语补足语时。She lets us meet her at the station. 她让我们去车站接她。(3) help后的宾语补足语前可带to也可不带to。She helped her mother (to) prepare for Christmas. 她帮助母亲为圣诞节做准备。2疑问词动词不定式疑问词what，which，how，where，when等可以和动词不定式连用，构成不定式短语。“疑问词动词不定式”可以作主语、宾语、表语等。When to start off hasnt been decided yet. (作主语)什么时候出发还没决定。The question is which bus to take. (作表语)问题是乘哪辆公共汽车。一、非谓语动词作定语时的区别现在分词 (doing)作定语，表示一个主动的或正在进行的动作；现在分词的被动语态 (being done)表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作；不定式 (to do)作定语表示一个将要发生的动作。The meeting (which is) being held now is very important. 正在召开的这个会议很重要。The meeting (which was) held yesterday is very important. 昨天召开的会议很重要。The meeting which will be held tomorrow is very important. 明天将要召开的会议很重要。二、非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别不定式与宾语的逻辑关系是主谓关系，强调动作将发生或已经完成；现在分词与宾语的逻辑关系是主谓关系，强调动作正在进行，尚未完成；过去分词与宾语的逻辑关系是动宾关系，表示动作已经完成，多强调状态。I expect them to win the game. 我期盼他们赢得这场比赛。I heard him call me several times. 我听见他给我打了几次电话了。I found her listening to the radio. 我发现她正在听收音机。三、非谓语动词作状语的区别过去分词表示被动和动作完成；现在分词表示主动和动作正在进行；不定式表示目的。Discussed (Having been discussed)many times, the problems were settled at last. 在讨论了多次之后，问题终于解决了。Having finished his work, he went out to play. 完成了工作后，他出去玩了。To catch the first bus, he got up early. 为了赶上早班车，他起得很早。(2010上海)That is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in students bathrooms.AreducingBto reduceCreduced Dreduce【答案与解析】B此处应该用不定式the way to do sth“做的途径、方式”。the only way to do.，we can imagine 作定语，前面省略了that。2(2010湖南)So far nobody has claimed the money _ in the library.Adiscovered Bto be discoveredCdiscovering Dhaving discovered【答案与解析】A该空在句中作后置定语修饰the money，根据the money与discover的被动关系，排除C、D两项。B项表示的是“将要被发现”的意思，根据题意“到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆被发现的钱”可判断选A项。3(2010江西)There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.Ato discover Bto be discoveredCdiscovered Dbeing discovered【答案与解析】B演员等待被发现， 用被动， 发现发生在等待之后， 所以用不定式。4(2010山东)I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term.Acompleting Bto completeCcompleted Dbeing completed【答案与解析】B题意：这个学期结束前，我要做很多阅读练习。由于时间状语before the end of this term表达未来的时间，所以空格处使用动词不定式表示将来，充当readings的定语。5(2010四川)A great number of students _ said they were forced to practise the piano.Ato question Bto be questionedCquestioned Dquestioning【答案与解析】Cquestion与students 存在被动关系，question表示的动作也已完成，故用过去分词。6(2010全国)Mrs White showed her students some old maps _ from the library.Ato borrow Bto be borrowedCborrowed Dborrowing【答案与解析】C题意：怀特夫人像学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的旧地图。borrow和maps是被动关系，根据题意borrow的动作已经完成。7(2010全国)With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad.Abuy Bto buyCbuying Dto have bought【答案与解析】B题意：父亲节将要到来，我已经从银行取了一些钱给爸爸买礼物。非谓语动词作目的状语，非谓语动词中不定式作状语用来表示目的。8(2010陕西)_ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. ASeen BSeeingCHaving seen DTo see【答案与解析】A非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系，且其动作在谓语动词动作之前已经完成，用过去分词。9(2010陕西)His first book _ next month is based on a true story.Apublished Bto be publishedCto publish Dbeing published【答案与解析】B此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，由时间状语next month可知所填非谓语动词表示将来的动作，由于动词不定式其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词book，不定式与逻辑主语是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。10(2010辽宁)Alexander tried to get his work _in the medical circles.Ato recognize BrecognizingCrecognize Drecognized 【答案与解析】D题意：亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学界内得到认可。宾语work和recognize之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。11(2009 浙江)There is a great deal of evidence _ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.Aindicate BindicatingCto indicate Dto be indicating【答案与解析】B题意：有大量证据表明音乐活动调动大脑不同的部位。现在分词indicating作定语修饰evidence。12(2009 福建)_ not to miss the flight at 15：20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.AReminding BReminded CTo remind DHaving reminded【答案与解析】B题意：有人提醒经理不要错过15：20的航班，他匆忙出发去了机场。本题考查非谓语动词作状语，主句主语the manager与remind之间的关系为逻辑上的动宾关系，故排除A、C、D三项，因为这三项表主动，而只有B项表被动。 13(2009福建)In April,2009，President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, _ the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.Amarking BmarkedChaving marked Dbeing marked【答案与解析】A题意：2009年