英语语法填空技巧.doc

语法填空技巧 微博关注精诚博雅-mago志志1.考查介词，包括表时间、方位、方式的介词on，in，at，with，by，through等。如2010年高考考查了with表伴随的用法：The young man went home_35_a happy heart.；2009年考查了介词on和at: Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes 37 sale.， When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already 39 table having supper.2.考查连词，包括表转折but，while、并列and，or、因果because，so等连词。如2008年高考考查了连词but：He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.3.考查副词，包括形容词转化成副词时的一般情况及特殊情况，如warmwarmly，truetruly；“le”结尾e改y如：possiblepossibly，probableprobably等。2010年考查了副词warmly，如题：His teacher took a deep drink, smiled 34 (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.；另外，2007年高考考查了副词merrily，如题：We drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into the night.4.考查形容词，一般常考查比较级或最高级形式，如2010、2008年高考均考查了形容词的比较级sweeter和higher，如题：The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _39_ (sweet).”（2010年高考）；He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 38 (high).（2008年高考）。另外考生需注意词性转化，像过去分词用作为形容词，如experienced editors中的experienced（有经验的）；或是由名词转化为形容词，如名词detail转化成形容词detailed（详细的）等。5.考查代词，代词的种类繁多，包括人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词和指示代词等，其中近年来对指示代词it在句中指代事物、不定式或从句的用法较常见，如2010和2008年高考题就考查了it代事物的用法，如题：He asked his teacher,” Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like 38 ?”（2010高考）， It is said that a short tempered man in Song Dynasty was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about 34 day and night.（2008高考）还有09高考考查了it指代不定式的用法：She remembered how difficult 31 was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.6.考查冠词，考生应非常明确冠词a，an，the的功用。对冠词的考查方面，2010年高考考查了定冠词the的特指用法：A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water._31_water was sweet.另外，近年来高考对冠词a基本用法的考查非常频繁。如2009年高考第33空：Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not 33 pleasant experience : people stepped on your feet or 34 （push）you with their elbows（肘部），hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.；再如2007年高考第35空：, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35 small town some 20 kilometres away 36 there was a garage. 7.考查谓语动词，包括考查谓语动词的时态及语态方面。教学大纲要求学生掌握的常考时态有数十种。在语法填空题中，对一般过式时的考查是近几年高考的重点考查对象，如2007年高考：The sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote village.考查了谓语动词break的过去式broke；2009年高考：, people stepped your feet or 34 (push) you with their elbows(肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.考查了push的过去式；Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane 4 0 (inform).考查了inform的一般过去被动式；再如2010高考：After a four-day journey, the young man 33 (present) the water to the old man.考查了present的一般过去式。8.考查关系代词及关系副词，这主要是考查学生对于关联词在从句中的应用的能力，其常考词为that，who，which，what等，另外，学生对于that在定语从句可作主、宾、表语，但在名词性从句是不作成分并没有词义的不同功用一定要区别开来，否则很容易造成失分。如2010年高考考查了关系代词that的特殊用法：We understand this lesson best _40_ we receive gifts of love from children.；再如2008年高考考查了that引导同位从句的用法：One day, he came up with an idea 35 he would pluck (拔) up all of his crop a few inches.；还有在2010、2007两年高考均考查了关系代词who：He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder 32 had been his teacher.(2010年高考)；I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house. (2007年高考)。9.考查非谓语动词，包括不定式、现在分词、过去分词及动名词。考生了解它们在句中的功用、区别及常考点是非常必要的。现在分词表示主动且表示动作正在进行，如2010年高考：He spit it out, _ 37_(say) it was awful.考查的就是现在分词saying。过去分词表示被动且表示动作已经发生或用来描述事物的状态，如2007年高考：While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to.，考查了过去分词settled。另外，不定式担当句子状语是高考常考的一个知识点，如2008年高考：For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help).考查了不定式to help作目的状语；2009高考：She wished that he was as easy 3 2 (please) as her mother.考查了不定式to please用于形容词后担当状语。学生只有掌握了它们在句中的功用，才能在写出正确的非谓语动词形式。除此以外，还有对名词、倒装句及强调句等的考查。以上这些考点也都是平时测试题及高考的命题方向和考查内容。在教学中，教师一定要让向学生明确这些必考点，学生在解题过程中才能快速地找到最佳答案，也才能够提高解题能力。 高中英语语法填空十三招高中英语语法填空十三招：语法填空是近年来高考英语科新推出的一种题型这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示一、已给单词提示题型的技巧此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。例1：There are many students living at school，the(child)houses are all far from schoo1由students-词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式 复数的所有格childrens。技巧二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。例2：A talk(give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式tn be given。技巧三：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no onenone、otheranother等。例3：The king decided to see the painter by(he)由介词bv可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和est，或在词前Imoreless和mostleast，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。例4：I am (tall)than Liu WenHe is the tallest students in my class此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。技巧五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及onetwo的特殊变化形式oncetwiceo例5：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horsesMy eldest son shall take a half,my second son shall take a(three)从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。技巧六：词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。例6：Lious lost his wallet yesterday，SO he was very_(happiness)在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词，由此可知将happinessJ 成词根h印py；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀Hn，就成了unhappy。二、未给单词提示题型的技巧此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。技巧七：固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。例7：The children were playing on the ground，enjoying_，dirty but happy从句中的happy可以 猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enj0y oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。例8：His bosswas_angry astofire him如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语SO?as to，所以，so是正解。技巧八：从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。例9：He did not done_his father had asked him to do审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从旬中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。例10：Those_want to go to the village must sign here经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who。技巧九：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。例11：The us consists_fifty states根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由? ?组成”，所以答案是of。例12：Mrs Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask forleave to take_of her生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。技巧十：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等。例13：Mr Smithtook a planetoLondon_of taking a train此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐而不是坐”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of。例14：Justthen，he saw a blackboard in_ofhim细心观察，可以看出填人fr0nt即可构成in front of，此题得解。技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有bothand，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also等。例15：Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_his family was too poor此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。例16：_Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre横线处的词与后面可以构成both?and，故答案为Both。技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等，但一般不会考查1y形式的方式副词(见技巧六形容词派生副词的情况)。例17：Jackie likes to drive at