英语本科翻译学——高级段落翻译(中英).doc

一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难；但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待劳动、工作等等的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。 古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。 Is there a standard to evaluate the significance of ones life? Its certainly difficult to offer a definite standard. But generally speaking, we can tell it by judging his attitude towards life and work, making clear whether he is serious about his life. Throughout the history, the outstanding people were all very serious about their lives. They made best use of every minute of their lives to work and study as much as possible, never wasting their time. None of the working people and the great statesmen and thinkers were of exception.Pollution is a problem because man, in an increasingly populated and industrialized world, is upsetting the environment in which he lives. Many scientists maintain that one of mans greatest errors has been to equate growth with advancement. Now “growth” industries are being looked on with suspicion in case their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different forms of life. The growing population makes increasing demands on the worlds fixed supply of air, water and land. This rise in popolation accompanied by the desire of more and more people for electriciy, water and goods results in an ever increasing amount of waste material to be disposed of. The problem has been causing increasing concern to living things and their environment. Many believe that man is not solving these problems quickly enough and that his selfish pursuit of possessions takes him past the point of no return before he fully appreciate the damage.污染已成为问题，因为再当今人口越来越多，社会越来越工业化的世界上，人类正在污染他们居住的环境。许多科学家认为人类最大的错误是把发展和进步等同起来。现在人们以怀疑的态度看待“发展性”产业，因为它们的副作用会破坏环境，破坏各种生命之间的关系。人口的增长导致对世界上有限的空气、水和土地的需求不断增长。伴随着人口增长的是越来越多的人渴望更高的生活水平。于是对对电、水和商品的更大需求必然造成有更多的废物要处理。这个问题已经引起人们对生物及其环境的日益关注。许多人认为，人类没有尽快解决这一问题，却只顾谋求私利，以至于到了无可挽救的地步以后才充分认识到这种损害。 Whenever we visit a terminally ill patient, we cannot help being struck by his eagerness to know the truth about his condition. He does not only suffer from his illness, but also from the anxiety about its potential outcome. Although telling him the truth may risk destroying his hope, so that he may deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide, a dying person has the right to know his condition and to make informed choice concerning his own health.每当我们去探视一名患有不治之症的病人时，我们不禁为他那种急切想知道自己的真实病情的表情所震动。他不仅被疾病所折磨，也被为自己的病情可能发展的结果而焦虑所折磨。虽然若将真实病情告知他可能会使之失去希望，从而加速病情的恶化，甚至他可能自寻短见，但一个濒临死亡的病人有权知道自己的病情，有权对自己的健康状况作一个明智的判断。To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use startling late in life to say: “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use of offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard weeks sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the week-end.要享有真正幸福和真正的平安，一个人应该至少有两种或三种嗜好，而且这种嗜好都必须是真正的爱好。到了暮年才奢谈：“我爱好这个或那个”已毫无用处了。这样的尝试只会加重精神劳累。一个人可以获得与他日常工作没有关联的某些课题的渊博之声，然而，可能难以有所获益或得到调剂。喜欢什么就干什么是无益的，你必须干哪行喜欢哪行。广而言之，人可以分为三类：有劳累至死的；有焦虑至死的；也有厌烦至死的。对于经过一周的艰辛的流汗出力的体力劳动者来说，给他们机会在周日下午去踢一场足球或打一场棒球是毫无用处的。政治家，从事专门职业的人，或商人，他们六天来为正经事操劳，担心，请他们在周末为无足轻重的事发愁是毫无益处的。当我刚刚能够歪歪趔趔地提着一个篮子跑路的时候，我就跟在大姐的身后拣麦穗了。对我来说，那篮子未免太大，老是磕碰我的腿和地面，时不时就让我跌上一跤，我也少有拣满一篮子的时候，我看不见地里的麦穗，却总是看见蚂蚱和蝴蝶。而当我追赶它们的时候，好不容易拣到的麦穗，还会从篮子里重新掉进地里When I was old enough to be running about on my own, I would trudge behind my elder sister to pick wheat, with a basket on my arm. The basket was always too big for me; it would bounce against my legs or the ground. Often it made me stumble. I rarely filled my basket. Either I missed the wheat stalks lying in the fields, or I was distracted by grasshoppers and butterflies. Sometimes even the stalks in my basket tumbled out as I chased after butterflies. 尽管嘴上说友谊，对运动员来说重要的仍是比赛成绩。 得第一名的获金牌，第四名什么也拿不到。任何想获奥运冠军的人都得中断学业，牺牲自己的业余时间。这一点常常是观众没看到的。 因此，运动员要求得到物质奖励是可以理解的。 Despite lip service paid to friendship, what matters to athletes is success. Whoever comes first wins a gold medal but anyone who comes fourth gets nothing. What the spectators sometimes fail to notice is that anyone who wants to become an Olympic champion has to break off his studies and has little spare time. Therefore, it is understandable that athletes want some tangible reward.谁能否认海的伟大呢？我爱海，并不仅仅因为她的颜色美丽，和藏在海底那许多有趣的玩意儿，而是爱她的胸襟广阔，化污秽为清洁。她容纳无数的细流，尽管它们的颜色有黑的也有黄的，一旦流到了海的怀抱，便立刻变成碧绿的了。碧绿是代表和平，代表一种静美。一个人，哪怕他的脾气有如虎狼那么凶暴，我相信如果常住在海滨，一定会变得和羔羊一般驯良；同时，那些心胸狭隘的人，如果常与海做朋友，我相信他也会改变成豪爽，痛快的性格。There is no denying the mightiness of the sea! I love her not only because she has the beautiful hues and many intriguing objects hidden deep underneath her but also because she is broad and liberal enough to turn the foul into the pure. The numerous small rivers that she accommodates may be of black or yellow, but once they flow into her bosom, they instantly take on green signifying peace and tranquility. A person with a terrifying hot temper will become, I believe, as meek as a lamb after a long stay by the seashore. Likewise I believe a narrow-minded person will become tolerant and open-hearted if he often keeps company with the sea.根据中国的礼仪，凡有外国客人和中国贵宾来访，都要为他们举行宴会。中国宴会的好坏是用两个因素进行评定的：一是饭菜的质量，二是品种的数量。和西方宴会不同的是，西方宴会一般只有一道主菜，再加上几个配菜；而中国的宴会有上不完的菜：有鱼，有山珍，有肉、菜、蛋以及其他各种炒菜。宴会最先上的是几道装饰得很好看的冷盘。这些冷盘一般相当于西方人的开胃菜。热菜是一道一道随做随上，摆在宴桌中间。一般普通的宴会有八道菜，而特殊的宴会则更多。Chinese etiquette requires holding a banquet for foreign guests or important Chinese visivors. A Chinese banquet is judged by two factors - the quality of the food and the number of different dishes. Unlike Western feasts which usually feature one main course and several side dishes, a Chinese banquet requires a seemingly endless series of dishes including fish, fowl, meat, vegetables, eggs and combinations. To begin the meal, there are several cold plates, often in ornamental style, which correspond to Western appetizers. Hot dishes are served one at a time as they are cooked, and are placed in the center of the table. An ordinary banquet contains at least eight dishes and a special one may include many more. The British may have long been a nation of shopkeepers but they are coming late to the business tourismFor the past century they have done the touring while their own hotels have slumbered in atmosphere and are inefficiency and even the pubs have closed before eleven. Now，somewhat to their bewilderment，they are having to act as hosts to a vast throng of guests，who，with dollars，francs and marks in their pocketsand handbag，are the most successful invaders since the Normans and considerably more welcome. They come to enjoy the antique and traditional but are often less enchanted by the accommodation and catering，which may share the antiquity. At last，even the surprised tourist industry is beginning to open its eyesUnfortunately it sees only insoluble problems.英国人可能早已精通生意，但其旅游业的开发却很迟。一个世纪来，是他们自己在旅游观光，而他们自家的旅馆却心安理得地躺着睡大觉，效率极低，甚至酒吧也在11点钟以前关门。如今，有点令他们迷惑不解的是，他们正在被迫接待大批的客人，这些客人口袋和手提包里装着美元、法郎和马克，是继诺曼人征服英国以来最成功的入侵者，而且要更受欢迎得多。这些人为欣赏古迹与传统习俗而来，对于这里的食宿，却往往不那么着迷，尽管这样的食宿可能带有古老的风味。终于，感到惊讶的旅游业开始觉醒了。不幸的是，它所看到的只是一些无法解决的问题。 An American will build a house in which they are going to pass his old age and sell it before the roof is on；he will plant a garden and rent it just as the trees are coming into bearing；he will clear a field and leave others to reap the harvest；he will take up a profession and leave it，settle in one place and soon go off elsewhere with his changing desiresIf his private business allows him a moments relaxation，he will plunge at once into the whirlpool ofpolities Then，if at the end of a year crammed with work he has a little spare leisure，his restless curiosity goes with him traveling up and down the vast territories of the United States. Thus he will travel five hundred miles in a few days as a distraction from his happiness 一个美国人会为安度晚年去兴建一幢房子，却又会在房顶还没架上屋梁时就把它卖掉；他会在花园里植树栽花，却又会在花园快要硕果累累时把它租给别人；他会在农田中播种耕耘，却又会把收获让给他人；他会热衷于一门专业，却又会马上将其放弃；他会在某处安家落户，却又会情移念转，另寻安身之地。如果管理自家店铺后仍有片刻闲暇，美国人会一头栽进政治纷争的漩涡中。时值岁尾年首，终年忙碌的美国人竟会见缝插针，不忘休闲。于是在他们永不休止的好奇之心驱使之下，他们会畅游游美国辽阔的大地，几日内纵横数百里河山，聊以消遣，暂将快乐置于一旁。 October 1, in the morning I saw, to my great surprise, the ship had floated with high tide and was driven on shore again, much nearer the island. It was some comfort on one hand for seeing her sit upright and not broken to pieces, I hoped, if the wind abated, I might get on board, and get some food and necessaries out of her for my relief; on the other hand, it renewed my grief at the loss of my comrades, who, I imagined, if we had allstayed on board, might have saved the ship, or at least they would not have been all drowned as they were; and that had the men saved, we might perhaps have built us a boat out of the ruins of the ship, to have us carried to some other part of the world. 十月一日，早晨睁眼一看，吃了一惊，因为那只大船已经随着高潮漂了起来，被冲得离岸更近了。这件事虽然一方面使我很快慰，因为我看见它仍旧挺然直立，没有被海浪打碎，希望等风息了之后，上去弄些食物和日用品来救急，另一方面却使我重新悲痛我那些伙伴的失散，我想，假使他们当时都留在船上，我们也许可以保住我们的船，至少他们不至于被淹死；假使那些人不被淹死，我们一定可以用大船的残余部分造一个小舟，划到别处去。 The bi