英语时态十六全.doc

序号时态名称基本结构时间状语基本用法举例1现在时一般现在时dousually,always,often,sometimes,every day/week/month/morning. onSundays表示现在的习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态School opens in September every year.表示主语目前的特征、性格、状态和能力等My father is a teacher.表示客观事实、普遍真理、格言等不受时间限制的客观存在The earth goes round the sun.引用书籍、报刊、作者的话All minds think alike.表示一个具体在的时间所发生的动作或存在的状态Here comes a bus.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来的动作或状态If it is fine tomorrow,well go swimming.表示计划、安排好的将来的动作，仅限以下动词：go,come,leave,start,begin,arrive,stop,open,close,returnFlight UA850 takes off at 9:00 a.m.2现在进行时am/is/are doingnow, at present,at this mo.these days表示动作正在进行、持续。at present,at this moment,these days.He is writing now.表示通常事先计划或安排好的动作或行为He is leaving next week.常与always,constantly,continually,forever连用表示某种厌恶、喜好等感情色彩She is always making the same mistake.3现在完成时have/has donenow,just,ever,never,since(then),so far,already,up to now,表示动作到现在为止刚刚或已经完成He has worked out the maths problem.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have just had my lunch.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与一段时间连用I have lived here for 5 years.4现在完成进行时have/has been doingall the day,these days表示过去某一时刻开始持续到现在，可能继续下去的动作Ive been waiting for him all this morning.表示到说话为止的一段时间内一直反复进行的动作He has been saying that ten times.5过去时一般过去时did(v.-ed)yesterday,last week,a year ago,theother day,this morning,once upon a time表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态He joined the army in 2009.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，used to do; would do,I used to get up at 6 when I was in the countryside.叙述过去连续发生的事情He visited NY before he left for LA.在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中表示过去将来的动作He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.6过去进行时was/were doingwhen,as,while，at that time,last night,yesterday表示过去某一时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作We were watching TV when he came in.go,come,start,leave,begin,stay,return的进去进行时可表过去将来的动作She said she was going to see the film the next day.与always,constantly连用表示赞叹、厌恶等感情色彩They were constantly making noise.描述故事发生的背景The wind was blowing hard,.7过去完成时had donejust,yet,ever,already,by then,by 9 oclock,by the time.by the end of.两个动作都在过去发生，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时He had learned English for 3 years before he came here.从过去某一时间开始，持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态By the end of last year we had learned English for 3 years.用在主句是过去时间的间接引语或宾语从句中I told him I had learnd English for 2 years.用plan,think,hope,expect表示过去本来打算实现而未实现的想法I had expected to pass the exam,but I failed.8过去完成进行时had been doing同上表示从过去某一时间之前开始，到过去某一时间仍在进行或刚刚结束。She had been living here before she went to Shanghai.9将来时一般将来时shall/will dotomorrow,next week/.soon,in the future表示将来的动作或状态She will finish the task soon.表示将来会经常发生的动作From now on I will come to see you every week.表示按计划或打算将要发生的事情Its going to rain.be going to do 强调主观将要做be to + 不定式表将来，客观按计划或正在安排将发生的事be about to + 不定式，表马上要做某事，不与表具体时间状语连用What are you going to do tomorrow?We are to discuss the report next Sat.He is about to leave for Beijing.10将来进行时shall/will be doingin two daysat that time,next month/year,表示将来某一时段或某一时刻正在进行的动作He will be meeting Mary during Christmas.What will he be doing this time next year?表示说话人感觉某事即将发生或预计要发生的动作We shall be having a meeting in a minute.11将来完成时shall/will have done 表示动作或状态延续到将来某一段时间，常用延续性动词We shall have walked a long way before we reach there.表示在将来某一段时间以前势必会完成或已结束的动作，但其影响却持续到那一时间，常用终止性动词You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.表示根据某情况作出的推测There will have been a definite result before Friday.在时间或条件状语从句中要用现在完成时代替将来完成时I will give my opinion when I have read the book through.12将来完成进行时shall/will have been doing表示动作从过去或现在的某一时间开始，一直延续到将来某一时间，是否延续下去，要视上下文而定。I shall have been working in this factory for 20 years by the end of the year.将来完成进行时和将来完成时的区别：将来完成进行时强调动作过程在另一动词之前的长度。而将来完成时更强调在另一件事前一个动作的完成。13过去将来时一般过去将来时should/would dowas/were going to do也表过去将来的动作He told me that he was going to see his brother.表示从过去某一时间来看，将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用在宾语从句中She wondered where he would go.表示过去习惯性的动作Whenever I had time, I would read books.14过去将来进行时should/would be doing表示就过去某一时间而言，将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在或将要进行的动作，主要用于宾语从句、定语从句或间接引语等I never realized that I would be living in China someday.The new job he would be taking was raising racing horses.John told us that Mary would be coming next day. 15过去将来完成时should/would have done表示在过去将来某一时间以前发生的动作，并往往会对过去将来产生影响I guessed that Helen would have told her something.常用在虚拟语气中，表示与过去的事实相反If I had seen him this afternoon, I would have told him about it.16过去将来完成进行时should/would have been doing表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去某一时间，是否继续延续下去，视上下文而定。通常用于虚拟语气、间接引语等He