浙江广播电视大学.doc

浙江广播电视大学英语专业(开放专科)英语语法课程辅导6Unit 4 ArticlesThis unit will help you to:Understand the role that articles play in communication;Tell apart definite from indefinite articles;Understand when and how to use articles;Understand when to use different types of article.Reminding yourself虽然冠词(article)属于次要词类，但不管是在口语还是书面语中，冠词都是常用的，在英语中非常的重要。英语中的冠词有2类：定冠词the, 不定冠词a和an（两种拼写方式）。冠词通常在名词之前。Uses of the definite and the indefinite articles定冠词the表示它后面的名词有明确具体的所指，通常是表示前面已经提过的，或是谈话双方都清楚的人或事物。如有人告诉你:The cat just had kittens. 此处的the 表示你和谈话人都非常清楚你们谈论的是哪只猫。不定冠词A/an表示它后面的名词是泛指的，或是第一次提到的。如：There is a cat in the garden.此处仅表明在花园里有一只猫，它并不一定是你或谈话者所指的那只猫。Note: （1）an 用在发音为元音开头的名词前面。（2）a/an can be used with countable nouns for general reference（泛指） and with singular nouns; the can be used with uncountable nouns for specific reference（特指） and also countable nouns(singular and plural) for specific reference. 又如Activity 1: Read these two sentences carefully.1) Janet found a wallet in the street.2) Janet found the wallet in the street.Which of the two sentences best matches each of these description below?a) Janet found a wallet that she had looking for.b)Janet found the wallet that someone else had lost.不管怎么说，单单从2个单句看，都是对的，但是表示的意思有所不同。句1是表达他只拣了一只钱包，这只包不知道是谁的，只是被丢的钱包中的一只而已。句2是表达了他拾到了某个人所丢的那个包，有所特指。好了，你的答案找到了吗？Activity 2Imagine yourself in the situation described in the brackets. You are talking to a classmate. Would you use the, a or an in the blanks?1) (you see your new English teacher shopping in the supermarket)Look, theres _ new English teacher.2) ( Its very windy, and something sharp blows into your eye)Rats! Ive got _ piece of grit(粗纱) in my eye!3) ( You need to use a public phone, but you have no coins)Can I borrow _ coin from you, please?4) ( You find your pet goldfish floating(漂浮) in its aquarium(鱼缸)Oh, no, _ fish is dead!5) ( You and your friends jus had a great time at a rock concert)_ band was really good!Note: 泛指的不可数名词前面不加冠词，如：Silk is very comfortable to wear.Tea is a healthy drink.泛指的可数名词常使用复数形式，且前面不用冠词。如：Snakes are dangerous animals.Computers are handy tools.通常情况下，在正式的文体中，名词的单数形式前使用定冠词或不定冠词，表示泛指。如：The/A snake is a dangerous animal.The/A computer is a handy tool.这种用法与上面讲的用复数形式表示泛指的用法基本一样。在日常交流中，定冠词加上名词的单数形式通常用来表示特指。如：The snake bit me.The computer crashed.Special uses of articlesI. 某些名词前通常固定使用定冠词，词类名词包括；l 表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词the world, the sea, the weather, the sun, the earth, the starsl 民族、历史文化遗迹、河流、岛屿、沙漠和山川等the Chinese, the Indonesiansthe Eiffel Tower, the Great Wall, the National Gallerythe Himalayas, the Pacific Ocean, the Thames, the Gobi Desertl 地区名及呈复数形式的国家名the Middle East, the Far Eastthe Netherlands, the Philippinesl 报刊杂志名The Times, the Washington Post, the New York Timesl THE + 姓氏的复数形式，表示全家人The Smiths=Mr and Mrs Smith(and children)l THE +形容词最高级：the first, second, third等The best friend, the first spacewomanII. 通常不加冠词的名词，如：l 人名John, Tim, Ling ming.l 大州、国家、城镇、广场、街道等名称North America, EuropeAustralia, Italy, China (but the Peoples republic of China)Lisbon, Vancouver, shanghai(but the Hague)Times Square, Piccadilly CircusFifth Avenue, Fleet Streetl 月份、星期、节日、假日等表示时间的名词September, Tuesday, Christmas, (Chinese) New Yearl 餐名breakfast, lunch, dinnerl 运动项目名He plays badminton / golf /table tennis.注：但是，如果要表示一个具体的人或事物，也可以在这些名词前加上冠词。如：This is a very warm September were having.I had a very nice breakfast today.还有，有很多短语有固定的结构和意思。他们有的用定冠词，有的用不定冠词，也有的不用冠词。如：at night, in the evening, a number of, by bus / train / plane etc. Activity 10-exerciseFill in each blank with the, a or an, or , Use / for where no article is needed.Dear Amy,We finally went on _ trip to _ Middle East I told you about! _ Daphne and _the_ Lees came along. We traveled first by_ plane to _ Cairo and then by _ bus to _sites._Egypt is as fantastic as _ brochures say! We saw _ Pyramids, of course. There was _ restoration job going on around _Sphinx, so we had to choose carefully _ best angle to take _ pictures. We spent some time just walking around despite _heat, enjoying _ feeling of being there.In _ afternoon, we took _ boat tour on _Nile, and we had _ dinner on _boat. It was _ delicious meal. I tried _ vegetables and _beans cooked in_ different ways, with _ingredients that I couldnt recognize but that tasted like _ best things Ive eaten in my life!I cant wait to show you _ pictures we took!Love,Mark Ans to activity 10Dear Amy,We finally went on _the_ trip to _the _ Middle East I told you about! _/_ Daphne and _the_ Lees came along. We traveled first by_/_ plane to _/_ Cairo and then by _/_ bus to _the _sites._/_Egypt is as fantastic as _the _ brochures say! We saw _the _ Pyramids, of course. There was _a_ restoration job going on around _the _Sphinx, so we had to choose carefully _a_ best angle to take _/_ pictures. We spent some time just walking around despite _the_heat, enjoying _the_ feeling of being there.In _the_ afternoon, we took _a_ boat tour on _the_Nile, and we had _ dinner on _the_boat. It