英语语法动名词.docx

动名词1、动名词的用法1） 作主语.Seeing is believing.Collecting information is very important to business men.Fighting broke out between the south and the north.Walking is good exercise. Smoking may cause cancer. Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. Swimming develops the muscles.通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长，用it作形式主语。如：Its nice talking with you. Its no use arguing with him. It is no use sending him over. Its too late already.It was very difficult getting everything ready in time. 2） 作表语Her job is teaching.Teaching is learning.This food smells inviting. The only thing that interests her is dancing. My favorite sport is swimming. To keep money you have found is stealing. 3） 作宾语He is fond of playing football.He finished reading the book yesterday.Your shoes need polishing. Jim dislikes eating chocolate. She cant help crying at a sad movie. The doctor advised taking exercise. Would you mind filling out this form? The thief admitted entering the house. Have you finished correcting the students papers?有些动词既可接动名词作宾语，也可接不定式，但在语义上却有很大差别。如：chance to do 碰巧去做某事 chance doing 冒险试一试做某事 forget to do 忘记要去做某事 forget doing 忘记曾做过某事 go on to do 接着又做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事 remember to do 记得要去做某事 remember doing 记得曾做过某事 stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 try to do 努力做某事 try doing 试一试做某事 regret to do 对将要做的事表示遗憾 regret doing 对做过的事表示遗憾 mean to do 打算想做某事 mean doing 意味着意思是做某事有些动词既可接动名词作宾语，也可接不定式，但在语义上却有很大差别。如：chance to do 碰巧去做某事 chance doing 冒险试一试做某事 forget to do 忘记要去做某事 forget doing 忘记曾做过某事 go on to do 接着又做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事 remember to do 记得要去做某事 remember doing 记得曾做过某事 stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 try to do 努力做某事 try doing 试一试做某事 regret to do 对将要做的事表示遗憾 regret doing 对做过的事表示遗憾 mean to do 打算想做某事 mean doing 意味着意思是做某事4） 作定语He has a reading room.一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途例如:a writing desk =a desk for writing 写字台 a smoking room 吸烟室 swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池 a walking stick 手杖 a fighting post 战斗岗位有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉机动名词作定语时和形容词的功能是相似的。动名词可以单独作定语，如： a smiling face 笑脸 a leading figure 领导人物 动名词还能构成合成词作定语，如： easy-going man 好说话的人 swimming pool 游泳池sleeping-pill 安眠药片dining-car 餐车当分词短语做后置定语时，可以转换成定语从句。 She went on board the train leaving for Shanghai. = She went on board the train, which was leaving for Shanghai. 她乘坐了去上海的火车。 There are two roads before us, one leading to the beach, the other to the park. = There are two roads before us, one which leads to the beach, the other to the park. 在我们面前有两条路，一条通向沙滩，另一条通向公园。5) 动名词作状语 动名词作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动名词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。 Having cleaned the rooms we began to weed the garden. (时间) 打扫完房间，我们开始在花园里除草。 Coming into the room, she saw everybody already at their work. (时间) 进屋以后，她看到人人都在工作。 Being ill, he couldnt go to school. (原因) 因为生病，他不能去上学。 Having no interest in the topic, he didnt go to the lecture. (原因) 由于对这个话题没有兴趣，他没去参加讲座。 Working diligently, you will certainly succeed. (条件) 只要刻苦学习，你会成功的。 Using atomic energy, we can build spaceships. (条件) 利用原子能，我们能够建造太空船。 Granting the achievements to be great, there is still something to be desired. (让步) (尽管)成绩是巨大的，(但)仍有一些要求改进的东西。 My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. (结果) 我的车被交通拥挤堵住，所以延误了。 Traveling by train, we visited a number of cities. (方式) 我们坐火车访问了好多城市。 Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. (伴随) 玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁，正在读一本书。2、接动名词作宾语的情况1）在下列动词后接动词作宾语时用动名词形式：admit , advise , recommend , suggest , allow , anticipate , appreciate ,avoid , ban , confess , complete ,consider , delay , deny(否认), detest(讨厌), dislike , encourage , endure , enjoy , ensure , escape , excuse , face , fancy（想象） , feel like , finish , forbid , forgive , give up , imagine , involve, include , keep , mention , mind , miss , omit , pardon , permit , postpone(推迟) , practise , prevent , put off , quit , recall , resist , risk , resent（讨厌），save , stand（忍受），tolerate （忍受）, understand , help, resume（继续）举例：(1)Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?(2)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.2）在下列动词后面直接跟动词作宾语时用动名词；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再接动词作宾语补足语，其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。allow , advise , encourage , forbid , permit , recommend smoking here We dont allow students to smoke here. taking a holiday I recommend. you to take a holiday learning English by radio.They encouraged me to learn English by radio.3）动词need, require , want 作“需要”解，deserve作“应得”解其后跟动词作它的宾语表示主语是该动作的受动者时，必须用动名词主动式（或不定式的被动式）表示被动意义，例如：needsThe window requires cleaning. wants to be cleaned.hanging.He deserved to be hanged.4） excuse ,forgive, pardon 后接动名词时通常需要在动名词之前加上形容词型的物主代词，也可接宾格人称代词+ for + -ing 。例如：myExcuse opening your letter by mistake. me for myForgive interrupting you. me for5）介词后面接动名词。admit to 承认 add to 增加 amount to 等于 apply oneself to 致力于 be accustomed to (=be used to) 习惯于 come to 谈到 confess to 供认 devote oneself to 献身于 be equal to 能胜任，等于 be familiar to 为所熟悉 find ones way to 设法到达 get down to 着手做give way to 对让步 give ones mind to 专心于 give rise to 使发生 in addition to 除外 keep to 坚持 look up to 尊敬 lead to 导致 look forward to 盼望 next to几乎 object to 反对 be open to 愿意接受 be reduced to 论为，降为 be sentenced to被判刑 stick to 坚持 stand up to 勇敢面对 see to 注意处理，照料 say yes/no to 同意/不同意 trust to 依靠 turn to 求助于 be used to 习惯于 make a great contribution to 对做出很大贡献give up 放弃 burst out 突然as well as 同一样 be tired ofbe fond of be capable ofbe afraid of be proud ofthink of / about hold offput off keep oninsist on count on / uponset about be successful in （succeed in）good at take upits worth例如：Surely she will be equal to performing her duty.3.动名词的惯用语1） there is no +doing （=it is impossible to +V）意为“根本不可能”。例如：There is no telling what will happen.There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。There is no harm in doing so. 这样做没有害处。There is no denying the fact that the new method has greatly raised labour productivity. 不容否认新方法大大提高了劳动生产率。2） What do you say to +doing? (=What do you think of doing) 意为“你认为怎样？”。例如：There is a flower show in the park. What do you say to going there, if it is fine tomorrow?3）It is not any use/good (或 no use/good ) + doing 意为“做是没有用的”。例如：It is no use/good making an excuse for this.4）在have trouble 等的短语后：have difficulty/trouble(in)+doinghave fun /headaches例如：We had great difficulty (in) solving the problem.They had a lot of fun listening to fairy tales.5）在下列以time为中心词的短语后：have a hard /good time spend a lot of time (in) +doing lose no time例如：We had a difficult time persuading him.When we arrived we lost no time (in) finding a hotel.6）be on the point of doing (=be about to + V) 意为“快要。例如：The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home.7）Make a point of doing(=make it a point to +V) 意为“认为是必要的；特别注意“。例如：I always make a point of getting up early.8）come/go near (to)doing (=be almost doing +nearly do) 意为“几乎要“。例如：He came/went near (to) being drowned.9）动词do 常与一些表示室内活动等的动名词连用。例如：cooking/cleaning/reading/do (some/much/a lot of/any) sewing/shopping/washing/sightseeing例如: They did too much drinking last night.When I was in Spai