全新版大学英语综合教程正确的课后翻译.doc

一我认为总结一下英语学习的经验是值得一试的。这里，我想谈谈三个相关的问题。首先，大量阅读应被视作学习过程中的重点，因为我们是通过阅读获取最大量语言输入(language input)的。其次，尽可能多背一些好文章也十分重要。一方面，死记硬背(rote learning)确实无甚裨益，但另一方面，在真正理解基础上的熟记肯定对我们有好处。大脑中存储了大量很好的文章，我们在用英语表达自己思想的时候，就会觉得容易多了。最后，我们应该把所学到的东西用到实践中去，这是至关重要的。通过多读、多写、多听、多说，我们就能完成提高英语水平的任务。I consider it worthwhile trying to summarize our experience in learning English. Here I would like to make three relevant points.First, wide reading should be taken as a priority in the learning progress, because it is through reading that we get the most language input. Next, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. On the one hand, rote learning/learning by rote is indeed of little help, but on the other hand, memorization/learning by heart with a good understanding will certainly be of benefit /do good to us. With an enormous store of excellent essays in our heads, we will find it much easier to express us in English. Finally, its critical that we should put what we have learned into practice. By doing more reading, writing, listening and speaking, we will be able to the task of perfecting our English.自从他加盟以来，乔治从早忙到晚。他总是乐呵呵的，一直全身心地扑在工作上。由于表现出色，他被提升为执行总裁（CEO=CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER）.从那以后，他尽力和工人打成一片，从不盛气凌人。另外，他制定了一些奖励制度，鼓励工人们努力工作。他相信忠诚和勤劳会大大促使公司获得成功。人们都说他是位出色的执行总裁。George was on the run since the moment he came aboard. He was always cheerful and devoted himself heart and soul to his work. Because of his excellent performance he was promoted to CEO. From then on he tried hard to blend in with other workers and never threw his weight around. He also laid down/introduced a reward system to encourage the workers to work hard. He believed that loyalty and hard work would greatly contribute to the success of the company. By all accounts he was an outstanding chief executive officer.也许你羡慕我，因为我可以借助计算机在家里工作。我也这么想，互联网使我的工作方便多了。我可以通过电子邮件撰写、编辑并交出我的文章，在网上与我的同事聊天，与老板讨论工作。我用鼠标一击，马上就能拿到我要的一切资料，获得最新的消息。可是，另一方面，用网络通信有时也令人沮丧。系统有可能瘫痪，更糟的是，因为没有面对面交谈的情感提示，键出的词有时候似乎很难理解。Perhaps you envy me for being able to work from home on the computer . I agree that the Internet has made my job a lot easier. I can write, write and edit articles via email, chat with my colleagues on line and discuss work with my boss. With a click of the mouse, I can get all the data I need and keep up with the latest news.But then, communicating through the Net can be frustrating at times. The system may crash. Worse still, without the emotional cues of face-to-face communication, the typed words sometimes seems difficult to interpret.众多事实证明这一说法：要想让自己很快从低落的情绪中解脱出来，你得让自己哭。你不必为“哭”而感到羞愧。忧虑和悲伤能随同眼泪一起流出身体。看一看唐娜的例子吧。她的儿子在一次车祸中不幸丧生。这次打击之大使她欲哭无泪。她说：“直到两个星期后的一天，我才开始放声痛哭。然后，我便觉得一块石头从我的肩上抬走了。是眼泪将我带回到了现实之中，帮助我度过危机。”Numerous facts bear out the argument/statement/claim that in order to recover speedily from negative emotion, you should allow yourself to cry. You neednt/dont have to be ashamed of crying. Anxiety and sorrow can flow out of the body along with tears. Consider the case of/Take Donna, Her son unfortunately died in a car accident. The intensity of the blow made her unable to cry. She said, “It was not until two weeks later that I began to cry. And then I felt as if a big stone had been lifted from my shoulders. It was the tears that brought me back to earth and helped me survive the crisis.” 芭芭拉梦想当一名执行总裁已有好长时间了。为了达到心中渴望的这一目的，她向多家跨国(multi-national)公司申请工作，但都失败。然而，似乎任何东西都不能使她气馁。不久前她利用当地一家银行的贷款，开了一家餐馆。她边做生意边照料两个年幼的孩子。同时，她还攻读工商管理硕士(MBA)学位。尽管如此，她努力做到将自己的事情安排得井井有条。不过，即便对她来说，争分夺秒地工作也绝非易事。这是件累人的活儿。Barbara has dreamed of becoming a CEO for a long time. To achieve her hearts desire, she applied for a job in many multi-national corporation, but fail to get it. However, nothing seems to be able to undo her. With a loan from a local bank she opened a restaurant no long ago. While doing business she is having two young children to care for. Also, she is studying for an MBA degree. Despite all this she manages to get her act together. Nevertheless, even to her, racing the clock is by no means a piece of cake. Its a very exhausting job. 虽然英语是如何产生的还是个谜，语言学家倾向于认为它和很多欧洲语言来自一个源头，即印欧语系。英语最初是在公元五世纪入侵英格兰的盎格鲁撒克逊人使用的。他们将英语的基本词汇传给了我们。在十五个多世纪的发展中，英语大量借用了其他语言，这种借用大大丰富了英语的词汇。随着移民来到美洲建立了独立的美利坚合众国，英语又增添了一个新的变种：美语。虽然有人担忧英语的发展失控了，但大多数以英语为母语的人对他们语言的宽容性感到自豪。Though how the English language came into existence remains mystery, linguists now tend to believe that English and most other European languages have descended from a common source: the Indo-European parent language. English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century. They passed on to us the basic vocabulary of English. In its over 15 centuries of development, English has borrowed from other languages massively, and such borrowing has greatly enriched its vocabulary. As settlers landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language: American English. Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language.二十年之前，南希做了许许多多美国人梦寐以求的事。她辞去了经理职位，在邻近地区开了一家家用器材商店。像南希这样的人作出这种决定主要是出于改善生活质量的愿望。然而，经营小本生意绝非易事。在失去稳定的收入后，南希不得不削减日常开支。有时候她甚至没有钱支付她所需要的种种保险的费用。有一次她连电话费也付不起，只得向她的父母亲借钱。幸运的是，通过自己的努力，她已经度过了最困难的时期。她决心继续追求她所向往的更加美好的生活。A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and open/set up a household equipment store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy made the decision primarily because of their desire to improve the quality of their lives.But, to run a small business is by on means an easy job. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expenses. Sometimes she did not have the money to pay the premiums for various kinds of insurance she needed. Once she could not even pick up the phone bill and had to ask her parents to loan her some money.Fortunately, through her own hard work, she had now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursing her vision of a better life.亨森获得自由后不久就一心帮助逃跑奴隶。他几次偷偷地从加拿大回到美国帮助其他奴隶通过地下铁路获得自由。有一次在逃跑时亨森和几个逃跑的奴隶被捕捉奴隶的人包围。他将逃跑的奴隶乔装打扮一番，成功地躲避了追捕。另外，他后来在加拿大的得累斯顿为逃跑的奴隶建造了一个居住小区，并建了教堂和学校。他坚信奴隶制将被废除，所有奴隶终将获得解放，种族歧视消失的那天一定会到来。Shortly after he achieved freedom Henson became intent on assisting fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to the United States from Canada several times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run. He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. Later he built a small settlement in Dresden, Canada for escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school. He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed.人们几乎无法将蓄意行窃的盗贼拒之门外。所能做的只是设法阻拦他片刻，从而使其暴露在巡警面前。常识告诉我们光照是犯罪行为的障碍物。家门口必须安装一盏灯，并在晚间开着。如果你碰巧是最晚一个回家，别只关门而不上锁。如果你决定购买精密的电子报警系统，别忘了索要报警器的标志，并把它们张贴在窗户和门上。此外，你还可以将报警系统连接到警署。 It is almost impossible to keep a determined burglar out. All you can do is discourage him for a few minutes, thus exposing him to police patrols. Common sense tells us that lighting is a barrier to criminal activity. A light should be fixed in the doorway and switched on at night. Make sure/Assure yourself that you dont leave the door on the latch if you happen to be the last to come in. If you decide to buy a sophisticated electronic alarm system, be sure to ask for its signs and put them up on both windows and doors. In addition you may have it hooked up to a police station.2005年最不寻常的事也许是联合国宣布这一年为世界物理学年。这一年是爱因斯坦发表相对论100周年，也是他去世50周年，1905年，爱因斯坦发表了五篇科学史上非常重要的了论文，从而使物理学发生了突破性进展。他的伟大成就可归之于他令人惊叹的想象力，不断地质疑和对权威的漠视。毫无疑问，爱因斯坦是20实际最伟大的科学家。What was remarkable about 2005 was perhaps that the UN declared it The World Year of Physics. It was the 100th anniversary of Einsteins theory of relativity and the 50th anniversary of his death. In 1905 Einstein published five highly important essays in the history of science, thus revolutionizing physics. His great achievements can be credited to his impressive powers of imagination, constant questioning, and not giving a fig for authority. It is beyond doubt that Einstein was the greatest scientist in the 20th century.在感恩节的气氛中，乔治并没有跟朋友们一起庆祝节日，却沉浸于阅读他父亲留给他的日记。他的父亲在连续再次完成环球旅行后在海上去世。这份日记使他回忆起自己与父亲一起度过的每一刻以及父亲为他所做的许多具体事情。乔治的父亲过去经常向他强调必须经历各种艰难困苦去追求卓越（EXCELLENCE）。他还教导他世界上没有理所当然的东西。即使今天，他依然记得父亲如何引用“懂得感激是高尚者的标志”这句伊索（AESOP）名言来教导他要把懂得感激放在最重要的位置。Amid the atmosphere of Thanksgiving,rather than joining his friends in celebration of the holiday,George was immersed in the diary left to him by his father, who died at sea after he completed two successive trips around the world. The diary brought back every moment George had spent with his father and many of the specific things his father did on his behalf. Georges father used to impress on him the needs to undergo all kinds of hardship in quest of excellence. He also taught him that nothing in the world could be taken for granted. Even today, George still remembers how his father would quote Aesops famous saying Gratitude is the sign of noble souls and tell him to accord the greatest importance to it.我们到处都能看到“抢眼”的青年艺术家。他们要么一年四季都穿着破旧的牛仔裤；要么大冬天也打着赤脚；要么饮酒过度；要么就是抱着创作一部杰作的幻想，实际上并不做任何创作的事。其实，他们中的很多人只不过是为了看上去像名艺术家，或是为了同其他艺术家“保持一致”才这么做的。他们忘了，只有通过不懈的努力才能获得成功。Here and there we see young artists who stand out from other people. They may be in worn-out jeans all the year round, or walk in bare feet even in winter, or drink to excess, or cling to the fancy of creating a masterpiece without actually doing any creative work. In fact, many of them act like this just to look the part, or to be in tunes with other artists. They have forgotten that only through persistent effort can one achieve success.汤姆生来跛足，有一条腿不管用。他很小的时候起就懂得，除非他努力摆脱（RISE ABOVE）自身的局限，他是无力谋生的；而除非他能独立谋生，他就不可能得到他人的尊敬。这是他要赢得做人的尊严必须付出的代价。汤姆申请过许多工作，都遭到拒绝，最后他找到一份为必胜客(PIZZA HUT）送比萨饼的工作。后来他又到一个没有人想去的推销区做一家运动服装（SPORTS WEAR）公司的销售代表。现在，他在他的家乡拥有一家颇为盈利的零售商店，还雇用了好几个人为他工作，这些人都不拿薪水，只拿佣金。Tom was born a cripple, with one of his lower limbs useless. Early in his childhood, he learned that unless he so exerted himself as to rise above his limitations, he could not earn a living, and unless he succeeded in making a living on his own, he could not win/gain the respect of others. That was the price he had to pay for his dignity as a human being.Tom applied for numerous jobs, only to be turned down, before he finally got one as a delivery boy for a Pizza Hut. He then worked as a sales representative for a sports wear company in a territory no one else would want. Today he owns a fairly profitable retail shop in his hometown, and hires several people to work for him on straight commission.1997年，苏格兰一组科学家的克隆实验使多利羊得以诞生。自那时以来，有关克隆人的激烈争论一直进行着。这一有争议的问题的焦点聚集在此项技术的伦理与社会含义上：此项技术会对人类生育，抚养孩子以及人的个性等的真正意义带来什么影响。大多数人学家坚决反对繁殖性克隆，支持旨在治疗疾病的治疗性克隆。其理由是，治疗性的克隆技术不涉及任何对人的生命的威胁，实际上还能为人们提供极大的缓解痛苦的可能。他们相信有适当的政策和监管以确保治疗性克隆被安全地使用，我们都能从这一过程中收益。Dolly the sheep resulted from a cloning experiment by a group of Scottish scientists in 1997. A fierce debate on human cloning has ever since been going on. This contentious issue had focused on ethical and social implications of the technology: what the technology might do to the very meaning of human reproduction, child rearing, individuality, etcetera. The majority of scientists are adamantly opposed to reproductive cloning and support therapeutic cloning for treating diseases. The reason is that therapeutic cloning does not involve any type of risk to human life and actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in human beings. Scientists believe that with policies and monitoring in place to ensure that therapeutic cloning is used safely, we canal benefit from this procedure.三攻势已经持续了三天，但我们并没有取得多少进展。师长（division commander）命令我们营（battalion）绕到敌人后方发起突然袭击。然而，要绕到敌人后方，我们必须越过一片沼泽地（marshland）。我们很多人担心会陷入泥潭之中。我们营长决定冒一下险。所幸由于寒冷天气早则地都结上了冰。我们于天亮前到达目的地并从敌人后方发起进攻，这一下扭转了战局。敌人没有戒备，不久便投降了。The offensive had lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy at night and launch a surprise attack. To do this we have to cross a marshland, and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. Luckily enough, thanks to the severely cold weather which had made the marshland freeze over, we arrived our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This had turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.汽车自从发明以来使交通运输发生了革命性的变化，永远的改变了人们的生活，旅行和办事的方式。但另一方面，也带来了一些危害，尤其是公路死亡事故。然而，现今由于计算机技术和电子传感器的使用，有可能消除发生的大多数交通事故。例如装在你汽车上的电子传感器能检测到空气中的酒精雾气并拒绝启动引擎。同样，传感器还能通过接收在轨道上运行的卫星发出的信号检测路况并大大减少你陷入交通拥堵的可能性。Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.常言道，好的开端是成功的一半。在求职时，求职者事先做好充分的准备是非常重要的。我认为，事先作不作准备常常会影响求职者的成功机会。我的一位朋友在一家计算机软件公司供职，年薪十万美元左右。他根据自己的经历告诉我说，那些对未来的雇员具有录用决定权的人喜欢有充分准备的人。那些没有在了解未来的雇主方面尽全力的人很难有成功的希望。Well begun，half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100 thousand dollars a year in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible dont have much of a chance of success.全球化对中国年轻人具有重大影响。例如，年轻的农民正在大规模流向城市寻找工作。而对那些想出国深造或进外企工作的年轻人来说，英语变得越来越重要。另一方面，许多海外学子近年来回归祖国，因为他们看好中国经济的长期增长前景。因特网加强了中国年轻人和其他地方年轻人的联系。他们跟踪最新的潮流，模仿外国的时尚。他们中一些人似乎不在乎中国的传统美德，更不要说发扬光大，这使得有人担忧中国传统文化会不会有一天终将消失。Globalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example, young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas for jobs. And for those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreign-invested enterprises, English has become increasingly important. At the same time, a considerable number of overseas Chinese have returned home in recent years, for they hold an optimistic outlook for the long-term growth of the Chinese economy. The Internet has strengthened the links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere. They follow the latest trends can copy foreign fashions. Some of them dont seem to care for traditional Chinese virtues, let alone carry them forward, which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish.就我来说，我发现外表往往是靠不住的。比如说吧，要是你凭外表去判断诸如毛姆笔下的爱德华海德伯顿这样的人，你就错了。从外表和举止来看，伯顿好像是个浑然一体的人。他个子很小，满头白发，有着一双温和、蔚蓝的眼睛。他文雅坦率，和蔼可亲，许多人都说他是个世上最令人尊敬的人。然而，他对需要他帮助的朋友却很残忍。他侮辱和愚弄山穷水尽的伦尼，让他去做那样的蠢事。更让人吃惊的是，他对伦尼的死全然冷漠无情。毫无疑问，他是个铁石心肠的家伙。For my own part, I find that appearances are all too often deceptive. For instance, you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton. In appearance, he seemed a man all of a piece. He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes, gentle and candid. Nevertheless, he turned out to be very cruel he insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture. What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Lennys death. Without doubt, Burton was a man with a heart of stone.当今我们现在处于持续的压力之下，要工作更长时间，要生产更多，拥有更多。许多人有种错误的认识：幸福就在于拼命地干，使劲地赚。许多妇女今天感到同样的压力，要创造，要出人头地，而与此同时，又要养育子女，承担起各种家庭责任。研究表明，工作狂workaaholism往往使我们与家人的关系疏远。它会迫使我们长时间地劳作，仅留微乎其微的时间与我们所爱的人聚在一起、交流感情。家庭成员间的亲密关系在此过程中注定要消亡。Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours, to produce more, and to possess more. Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well /good money. Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and, at the same time, to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities. Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families. It forces us to toil longer and longer hours, leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones. Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process.今