英语全部语法标注解释.doc

语法标注解释A 指该形容词须直接置于所修饰的单词之后。 例 ：( 正 ) the president elect( 误 ) the elect president( 误 ) The president is elect. B 指该形容词只能置于所修饰的单词之前。 例 ：( 正 ) the front garden( 误 ) The garden is front. C 可数名词。可以用a/an/one修饰，亦可加-(e)s构成复数，用few/many等修饰。 例 ：a/onecatadesireanapplethree booksfewfactoriesmanyideas E 通常不加the的名词。 例 ：WhitehallSanta Claus F 指该形容词只用作或主要用作表语(predicative)，置于系动词之后。 例 ：( 正 ) John is drunk( 误 ) John is a drunk man. G 指后接单、复数动词均可的名词，如集合名词。 例 ：The Government has already made it clear.The Government are facing three crises.注：集合名词单数形后接动词，美式英语多用单数，英式英语则单、复数皆可。 H 指该动词常用被动语态。 例 ：Please be seated. J 指只与单数动词或单数代词连用的名词(其形态可以是单数亦可是复数)。 例 ：Our clothing protects us from the cold.Physics is an interesting subject and I like it very much. K 指只与复数动词或复数代词连用的名词(其形态可以是复数亦可单数)。 例 ：What are his wages?These jeans are pretty.All his cattle were grazing in the field. L 系动词(linking verb)。这类动词与后接的表语(predicative)一起表述主语的特征或状态。表语可以是形容词、名词、副词，或介词短语等。 1. 系动词形容词例 ：These apples taste nice.2. 系动词名词例 ：The hall would make a good theater.3. 系动词副词例 ：Whats on tonight?4. 系动词介词短语例 ：She looks like her sister.5. 系动词不定式例 ：He appears to be sincere.6. 系动词动名词例 ：The difficulty is not knowing what to do.7. 系动词从句例 ：The biggest problem was that we didnt have enough funds.M 单复数同形。 例 ：This sheep looks small.All those sheep are ours. O 指该及物动词在宾语后尚须接副词或介词短语。 例 ：( 正 ) The porter set the suitcase down.( 误 ) The porter set the suitcase.( 正 ) She set the child in the chair.( 误 ) She set the child.O1指 ：动词间接宾语直接宾语例 ：He gave me the book.O2指 ：动词宾语有to的不定式例 ：I asked him to help her.O3指 ：动词宾语无to的不定式例 ：We heard them talk in the next room.O4指 ：动词宾语v-ing例 ：I saw him walking across the street.O5指 ：动词宾语that从句例 ：He told me that the problem had been solved.O6指 ：动词宾语wh-从句例 ：They asked her why she was absent.O7指 ：动词宾语过去分词例 ：Ill have my car repaired.O8指 ：动词宾语形容词例 ：He considered her suitable for the job.O9指 ：动词宾语名词例 ：I considered it a great honor.P 指该词只用复数形。 例 ：The proportion of students in arts is high.the P 指该词只用复数形，须与the连用。例 ：The authorities in Russia have refused to compromise.P1 指该词常用复数形。例 ：meat and vegetablesQ 指该不及物动词必须后接副词或介词短语。 例 ：( 正 ) Phil behaved rather oddly.( 误 ) Phil behaved.( 正 ) The mob behaved like animals.( 误 ) The mob behaved. R 指该形容词可与the一起构成名词。 例 ：The poor are getting poorer and poorer.The deceased left almost nothing to his wife.( 正 ) The mob behaved like animals.( 误 ) The mob behaved. S 指该词只用单数形，通常与不定冠词连用。 例 ：Pride comes before a fall.the S 指该词只用单数形，通常与定冠词连用。例 ：The action takes place in a small town.S1 指该词常用单数形。例 ：They put him in a very difficult position. U 不可数名词。通常不与a/an/one连用，无复数，后接单数动词，用little/much等修饰。 例 ：little water a lot of salt some furnitureAir is a mixture of gases. W 指该动词通常不用进行式。 例 ：( 正 ) He knows how to swim.( 误 ) He is knowing how to swim. Y 指该动词的宾语不可以是一个名词或代词，但可以是从句或其他短语。 例 ：Then, she added that she would call him again. Z 指该形容词无比较级和最高级。 例 ：( 正 ) a dead man( 误 ) a deader man( 误 ) the deadest man +if- 指该词可后接if引导的从句。 例 ：Do you mind if I smoke? +v-ing 指该动词可以后接v-ing。 例 ：Don tried to avoid answering her questions. (+prep./ad.) 指该词常后接由某介词引导的短语或某副词,圆括号表示也可不接。用于及物动词时,表示在宾语后可接该介词引导的短语或副词,但也可不接。 1. 动词例 ：We are talking (about the plan).I love wandering (about).Will you add some wood (to the fire)?We saw him off at the station.2. 名词例 ：They had a long talk (with them).3. 形容词例 ：She seemed tired (of his preaching). +that 指该词可后接that从句。 +(that) 指该词可后接that从句，圆括号表示that可省略。 1. 动词例 ：I think (that) he is wrong.2. 名词例 ：The reason (that) she didnt get the job was that her French was not good enough.3. 形容词例 ：I am afraid (that) Tony wont come. +to-v 指该词可后接to-v。 1. 动词例 ：Mary wants to see you.2. 名词例 ：The little girl has the ability to read and write.3. 形容词例 ：I was glad to hear it. +wh- 指该词可后接what,why,when,where,who,whether,how等引导的从句或短语。 1. 动词例 ：I w