高中英语语法倒装句讲解及练习(教师版).doc

高中倒装句(教师版)英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装，只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。强调性倒装和以so， neither， nor开头的句子是高考例题的热点。一、倒装句的意义1. 适应一定的语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。e.g. May I come in？Was the Peoples Liberation Army founded in 1927？2. 为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。e.g. Never have I been late for school this term. So early did he come to school that no other students came.二、倒装的用法1. 在“there be”结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。e.g. There is a box on the table.There came shouts for help from the river.There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.2. 在疑问句中。e.g. Is she singing in the classroom？ What does your mother do？ 3. 在here， there等副词开头的某些句子里（要用一般现在时态）。如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。（完全倒装）e.g. There goes the bell. Here is an apple for you. There she comes.Ex：There _. And here _.A. goes the phone; she comesB. is the phone going; is sheC. does the phone go; does she comeD. the phone goes; come she4. 重复倒装句型，用在以so，nor，neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一样”“也这样”；nor，neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。e.g. I am watching TV. So is she. My parents didnt watch TV last night. Neither （Nor） did I.She is busy doing her homework. So is her brother.You passed the exam. So did I.He doesnt like shopping. Neither do i.He cant speak any foreign language. Nor can his father.表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。否则要用so it is withHis uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. So it is with his aunt.Ex：1)I dont know how to swim, _.A. and my sister doesnt neither B. nor my sister can C. nor does my sister D. and my sister does either2)Shes passed the test. _. A. So am I B. So have I C. So I have D. Also I have5. 直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。（完全倒装）e.g. Very well， said the French student. Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea， please. said he.6. 在以hardly(scarcely), never, not, not only, little, few，seldom, no sooner(than), not until, no where等否定或半否定意义的副词、连词放在句首时要用倒装句，采用部分倒装。如不放在句首就不要倒装。e.g. Little did he say at the meeting. Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army.Hardly(Scarcely) had he reached the station when the train started.Not once did we visit the city of our own.Seldom in all my life have I met such a determined person.Not only was there no electricity, but also no water.Not until he shouted at the top of his voice did she turn her head.比较：I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army.Ex：1) Hardly _ the airport when the plane took off. A. I had arrived atB. had I arrivedC. had I reachedD. I had got to2) Have you ever seen anything like that before? No, _ anything like that before.A. I never have seenB. never I have seenC. never have I seenD. I have seen7. 用于以only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子中。e.g. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to wrk. Only in this way can we learn English well.注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。e.g. Only Wang Lili knows this. only Only a few young men went to the theatre. （修饰主语时则不用倒装）Ex：1)Only in this way _ make progress in your English. A. youB. can youC. you be able toD. will you able to2) Only when the meeting was over_ go back to meet his friend. A. he couldB. he was able toC. was he able toD. was able to he3)Only after liberation_ to be treated as human beings.A.did they begin B. they had begun C.they did begin D. had they begun8. 为了表达生动，有时把表地点、方位的副词，如 up， down， out， away， in等放在句首，同时把谓语动词放在主语之前。若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。（完全倒装）e.g. Away hurried the boy. Out rushed the girl.Away she went with tears in her eyes.Ex：Out _, with a stick in his hand. A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush表示地点的介词短语 (如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)放在句首时,要全部倒装。如:On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.In front of the classroom is a playground.Ex：Under a big tree _, half asleep.A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man9. 在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were， had 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。e.g. Had I time （= If I had time）， I would go and help you. Were I you （= If I were you）， I would go abroad. Should he come （=If he should come）， tell him to ring me up.10. as引导让步状语从句时要倒装（形容词/ 副词/ 名词/ 动词 + as + 主语 + 谓语）。 e.g. Proud as they are， they are afraid to see me. Child as he is， he seems to know everything.（child前不加冠词）Hard as he worded， he made little progress.Ex：_, hes honest. A. As he is poorB. Poor is heC. Poor as he isD. Poor as is he_, he knows a lot of things. A. A child as he is B. Child as he is C. A child as is he D. Child as is he 11. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。e.g. May you succeed！ Long live the Peoples Republic of China！12. So + 形容词、副词及such 置于句首时要倒装。 So happy did he feel.Such was me.13.固定搭配 hardlywhen; scarcelywhen; no soonerthan 可以用正常语序 had hardly done when did 或用倒装句式Hardly had + 主语+ done when did 句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。The bell hardly had rung when the class began.= Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.Ex：Hardly _down _he stepped in.A.had I sat than B. I had sat when C.had I sat then D. had I satwhen14. 在以often, well, many a time, now and again 等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。如:Many a time has John given me good advice.Often have we made that test.Ex：Many a time _ swimming alone. A. the boy wentB. went the boyC. did the boy goD. did go the boy15. so+ 形容词/副词that 的结构状语从句可以用正常语序表示，也可以把so+形容词/副词放于句首构成倒装。句型如下： so +形容词/副词+be/助动词/情态动词that +从句。Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.= So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.So easy was the work that they finished it in a few days.16. 分词(代词) + be + 主语结构。如:Walking at the head of the line was our teacher.Such was the story he told me.done做形容词在句中做表语时，常把表语放在句首，要用倒装句式。Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.17.为了保持句子的平蘅或为了强调表语和状语，或使上下文紧密衔接，把它们放在句首用倒装句。该结构不需加助动词。East of the town lies a beautiful lake.In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.Outside the doctors clinic were twenty patients.倒装句练习：1._ and caught the mouse. A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat2._ and the lesson began.A. In came Mr Brown B. Mr Brown in came C. In came he D. came in Mr Brown3. Over _ , dead. A. rolling the goat B. rolled the goat C. did the goat roll D. the goat rolled4. Where is my shirt, mum? _. A. There is it B. There it is C. There is D. Here is it5. Where is your father? Oh, _. A. here he comes B. he here comes C. here does he come D. here comes he6.The door opened and there _ . A. enters an old man B. entered an old man C. did an old man enter D. an old man entered7. Now _ your turn to recite the text. A. will come B. comes C. has come D. there is8. Often _ them not to smoke here. A. we advised B. advised me C. did we advise D. had we advised9. _ playing soldiers.A. Inside the room were two boys B. Inside the room two boys C. Were two boys inside the room D. Inside the room was two boys10. On the wall _ two large portraits.A. are hanging B .Hanged C. hang D. hangs 11. _ who was wounded in the stomach. A. Among them were a soldier B. Among them was a soldier C. Among them a soldier was D. Among they was a soldier12. Next door to ours _ , who is no less than eighty. A. that lives an old man B. does an old man live C. lives an old man D. where lives an old man13.She plays the piano very well, _. A. so every one of us does B. every one of us does C. so does every one of us D. so do every one of us14.You say he works hard, _, and _. A. so he does; so you do B. so he does; so do you C. so does he; so do you D. so does he; so you do15. I thought you women were present at the meeting. _. A. So we were B. So we did C. So were we D. So did we16.I dont think Jack will come today, _. A. nor will Mary B. and Mary doesnt C. Mary will either D. or Mary does17. She is fond of cooking, _I . A. so am B. nor am C. neither do D. nor do18.Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language.A. So it was with English B. So was it with English C. So was English D. So did English19.A fish needs water and without water it will die._. A. So does a man B. So will a man C. So it is with a man D. So is it with a man20. So absorbed _ the work that she often forgot to _ her meals. A. had she been in; do B. she was in; make C. was she in; take D. she had been in ; have21.So loudly _ that every one of the class could hear him. A. did he speak B. did he spoke C. spoke he D. he spoke22. _ his apperance that no one could recognize him. A. Strange so was B. So strange was C. Was so strange D. So was strange23.Not once _ their plan. A. did they change