动词的种类部分.doc

动词的种类:一、考试大观【目标与要求】 了解动词的种类，掌握动词基本用法。【复习提要】根据动词的意义和句法作用，动词可分为四类：行为动词，系动词，情态动词和助动词。1行为动词有完整的词义，并能单独作谓语，行为动词又可分为及物动词( vt.)和不及物动词( vi.)。A. 及物动词后面必须跟宾语，句子的意思才能完整。例如：We plant trees every spring. ( plant 是及物动词；trees 是宾语 ) 及物动词有不同的用法，初中阶段主要应掌握下面几种：1） 主语 + vt + 宾语(宾语可由名词，代词宾格，不定式，动名词，宾语从句等充当)2） 主语 + vt + 间接宾语+直接宾语（用于这个句型的动词有：give, sell, pass, send, lend, tell teach, buy，pay, cost等）3） 主语 + vt + 宾语（sb./ sth.）+ to do sth.(用于这个句型的动词有：tell, ask, order, would like, want, get, encourage, wish, warn 等)4） 主语 + vt + 宾语（sb. / sth.）+ (to省略) do sth. （do表示经常或已经发生）(用于这个句型的动词有：let, have, make, hear, help, see, watch, look at, listen to等)5） 主语 + vt + 宾语（sb./ sth.）+ doing sth. (doing表示正在做)(用于这个句型的动词有：have, get, make, hear, see, watch, find, look at, listen to等)6） 主语 + vt + 宾语（sb./ sth.）+ done. (done 表示被动；与宾语构成意义上的被动)(用于这个句型的动词有：have, get, make, hear, see, watch, find，等)7） 主语 + vt + it (形式宾语) + to do sth.(真正宾语)(用于这个句型的动词有：think, find, feel, make, 等). 不及物动词（vi ）后不跟宾语。如有需要，可在不及物动词后加介词再加宾语。例如: She lives on the sixth floor. 2 系动词在句中作谓语动词，后面跟表语。表语可由形容词、名词、介词短语等充当。 系动词有：look, smell, taste, sound, feel, become, get, turn, grow, appear, remain, seem，keep 等。 3 情态动词表示能力，义务，必要，猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词是助动词，没有人称和数的变化; “情态动词+动词原形”构成谓语动词。常用情态动词有 can, may, must, need, will, shall, 等。其中could, might, must, needed, would, should是它们相应的过去时态形式。 can 的用法 “能”“会”表示能力。例：Can you say it in English? “可以” 表示许可，用法和may 同。例：Can(May) I borrow your umbrella? “可能” 表示推测，多用于疑问句和否定句；例：Who can the man over there be? may 的用法 “可以” 表示许可；You may use your pen or ballpoint pen in the exam. “可能” 表示推测， 多用于肯定句。疑问句用can表示 “可能性”推测; 否 定句用“cant”表示“不可能”。-Can the shop still be open at this time of day? -It may still be open,but I am not so sure. You may go and see for yourself. may 表示请求时，它只和第一人称主语连用. -Miss Yang, May I leave my schoolbag in the classroom after school?-Certainly,go ahead./ Im afraid youd better not. It is not safe here. 在回答用may提问的问题时， 肯定回答可以用 may但会使人觉得过于不客气或太严厉（你可以象上面的例句那样用certainly, go ahead或其它表示许可的词句）。 否定回答多用mustnt ,had better not或cant； must的用法 “必须”表示命令或主观上的决心。 例：As a student, he must come to school on time. I must learn English well. “mustnt” 意为“不准”表示绝对禁止。例：You mustnt talk while others are speaking. “一定”“必定”表示推测，语气十分肯定。只用于肯定句。 例：My mother must be cooking dinner for us now. must 引导的问句，否定回答多用 neednt 或you dont have to. need 的用法 “需要”多用于疑问句和否定句 作行为动词，有人称和数的变化，后接名词、代词或不定式作宾语。 例：Mary needs to take more exercise. 当Need 的主语和宾语动词构成被动时， need to be done = need doing. Your car needs to be cleaned = Your car needs cleaning.4 助动词只能和主要动词原形一起构成各种时态，语态和语气等动词形式。 常用助动词有：do/does/did; shall, will等； have/has/had; 和复合助动词 had better; would rather。二、例题解析(以下例题为杭州市历年中考题)1. -Excuse me. Will you please tell me the way to the railway station?-Oh sorry, but I dont know. You _go and ask that policeman.A. may B. must C. would D. should 考查情态动词的题目，同学们必须准确理解题意。此题意思是“你可以去问 那位警察”符合“可以”这个意思的情态动词为may. 故答案为A。2. -Its a lovely day, _it?-Yes, Lets go out for a walk. A.doesnt B.havent C.arent D.isnt反意疑问句部分的助动词应和主句助动词保持一致。主句助动词是is, 所以答案是 D。3. -We can use MSN to _with each other on the net. A.speak B.talk C.say D.tell此题考查speak, talk, say, tell 这四个动词的区别。Speak：讲话，表示动作。 为不及物动词； talk: 谈话，聊天。不及物动词；say: 说话，及物动词。Tell:告诉，双宾语动词，即 tell sb. sth从句子的形式上看，此句应该用不及物动词即 speak 或talk; 从意思上看，表谈话，聊天。因此答案是 B。4. -Do you still remember _me somewhere in Beijing?-Yes, of course. Two years ago.A. to see B.see C.seeing D.saw此题考查remember这个动词后接动词作宾语时的用法。Remember to do. (记得去做。)Remember doing（记得做过。）根据题意，应是“你还记得在北京的什么地方见过我吗？ 当然记得，那是两年前吧。”“记得。见过”应是第二种用法。答案是：C5.-Where is Jack, please? -He _be in the reading room.A. can B.need C.would D.must此句题意为“他可能在阅览室或他肯定在阅览室”表示“肯定”的情态动词是must. 所以此题的答案是D. 情态动词“ can” 有“可能”之意，但它一般用于疑问句或否定句。三、标准练习 基础题A。适当形式填空1.She will write or telephone me as soon as she _there.(到达)2. Does Da Mao look _ from Xiao Mao?(不同)3. Most people enjoys _(旅行) by plane because it is faster and more comfortable.4. Cant you see many people _ in front of you ? (等)5. You must look after yourself and keep _.(健康)6. I shall meet Lily at the school gate, so _Lucy.7. Sorry, I cant go out with you at the moment. I felt more like_at home. (呆)8.The doctor told him _(吃) this medicine three times a day.9. His bike was _, so he bought a new one. (坏)10. You can_ the book for two weeks.(借)11.Every player wishes_ (赢得) agold medal or two in the Olympic Games.12. Do you think it _(必要) for us to wait?13. When the students came back to the classroom, they found something_.(丢失)14. I am sorry to keep you _(等) here for such a long time.15Mr. Brown often _ _(自学) Chinese after work. B.情态动词和助动词 (用适当的助动词填空)1-By the way, _you come across the word “brunch”? -Not yet. What _ it mean?2It seems to me that Lucy and Lily _your classmates.3-_you like to have some coffee? -Yes, a cup of coffee without sugar please.4. Dont talk so loudly in the classroom, _you?5. Neither he nor I _sure if there _ _ a concert in the stadium tonight. （情态动词练习题）6. Cars and buses stop when the traffic lights turn red. Acan Bneed Cmay Dmust 7Must I go with them tomorrow？ No，you Amustnt Bshouldnt Cneednt Dcant 8I take some photos in the hall？ No，you ACan；neednt BMust；mustnt CCould；wont DMay；mustnt 9Henrybe at home because he phoned me from his office just nowAmustnt Bisnt able to Cmay not Dcant 10. -Can you answer this question in English? -No, I _.A. neednt B. mustnt C. may not D. cant重高题C单选题1_you busy tomorrow morning? A. Will B.Are C.Do D. May2. Tickets, please. May I _at your ticket, madam? -Yes, here it is. A. show B. watch C. see D. look3. We all went to _the match last night. A. look B.watch C. see D.look at4. What are the girls doing?they _the music. A. heard B. are hearing C.are listening to D.were listening5. -Will you show me your family album ?-OK, Ill _it here tomorrow. A. take B. bring C. catch D. carry6.With the help of computers, news can _every corner of the world quickly. A. get B. arrive C. reach D. return7. The heavy snow _arriving in time. A.let the train not B. made th