[12]学位英语非谓语动词考点.doc

非谓语动词考点1、动词不定式考点： 做主语有形式上的主语it, 如：To get there will take us half an hour it will take us half an hour to get there当表语是人身上的某种品格的时候用of , 比如kind (善良的), clever(聪明的), stupid(愚蠢的) , good(好)typical（典型）frendly（友好的）fool(愚蠢的); 否则用for .比如 important, nessacery, esstianl 等等.如：It is very kind of you to do this It is very important for you to do this 做宾补：在使役动词和感观动词后面的动词不定式做宾语补语要省略to ，被动语态下不省。See, watch, hear, notice, feel, sound, have, make, help Tom saw his brother swim in the river. The brother was seen to swim in the river by his brother. 做状语：only to, too.to，so as to.，in order to., but (to), as to,inted to, tend to,Do.but.(to) do 如：They can do nothing but give up their outdoor travel. They can wirte nothing but to give up their reading动词不定式做定语，在六大句型里都可以做定语。1，this is the best way to arrive at the No.1 middle school =不定式作定语时，一般可转换为定语从句:this is the best way that will arrive at the No.1 middle school. 2，Do you have anything to be taken to your sister? 3，Do you have anything to say on the question? 4，Would you please give me some paper to write on? 5, where is the house to live in ?不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系： 1、与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管有被动含义，却仍用主动语态（例）；如只有动宾关系，而无逻辑上的主谓关系，则需用被动语态（例）。 2，与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词（例）。 建议记一些常见的不及物动词：live in , stay in, listen to, look at, laugh at, talk to, speak with (to), agree on, belong to, sit at, arrive in (at), prepare for, pay in ,write on, stand in 疑问结构：疑问词what, where, how等+to do, 做主语，做宾语，做表语：I dont know what to do How to do this is under considerd He forgot where to go. 2、动名词考点：做宾语：appreciate 欣赏 avoid避免cant help不禁 cant stand受不了consider 考虑 delay延迟 deny否认enjoy享有，喜爱 escape逃跑，逃避favor 造成，偏爱，finish完成，结束不得imagine设想mind 介意practise 实行，实践 prevent阻止 resist抵抗，阻止 risk冒险 suggest建议 tolerate忍受 注：在考试时，如果一道题提供动词不定式和动名词供学生选择时，如果选项部分做的是宾语，一般选动名词，不选不定式。动名词复合结构：Mind 的特殊用法: mind doing sth, mind (my) doing Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的电脑介意吗？Marys (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. 玛丽病了，使她妈妈很着急。做介词宾语：介词后面要接不定式，介词后面是宾语，应严格用宾格形式（如定语从句of whom/ which） of doing of to do 主动表被动need, want, require，worth后用主动表被动Your hair wants cutting.你的头发该理了The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗The floor requires to be washed The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读 习惯用法：be used to doing / used to do / look forward to doing / be accustomed to doing / prefer doing to doing / devote sth to sth ,be object to doing ，have difficulty(trouble) in doing sth/ spend sometimes(money) in doing sth / spend sometimes(money) on sth/(stop) prevent sb from doing sth, be busy in doing / be worth doing/ be worthy of doing3、分词考点： 分词做表语：如果主语是人，用过去分词，如果主语是物，用现在分词。1、the story was very interesting.2、 I was very interested. 分词做状语：1、seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent2、seeing the drawer, he took out a box3、Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her 分词的独立主格1、 his mother being ill, he didnt go to school 由于前后两个句子中间是逗号，所以应看成是一句话，前面理解成短语结构。2、 being ill, he didnt go to school . 前面的句子省略了主语he,因为前后两个句子在逻辑上主语是相同的。 分词做宾语补语：1、现在分词做宾补：感观动词后面可以用现在分词做宾语补语See, watch, hear, notice, feel, sound，find, keep, have. 如： Tom saw his brother swimming in the river 过去分词做宾补：一般用have /get/ want/make sth done的句型如：I will have the clothes washed tomorrow.注意：一般情况下，考试时出现having done 为正确答案，有完成