动词(已贴)英语语法-词类2.ppt

动词 行为动词（或称实义动词） lA.及物动词：后面需接宾语，意义才完整。如： lMary opened the door to me. l玛丽给我开门。 lB.不及物动词：本身意义完整，后面不接宾语。如： lThe car stopped. l车停了。 lC.兼作及物和不及物动词：许多动词既可以作及物动词， 又可以作不及物动词。如： lHe studied English at Middle School. l他在中学学过英语。（vt. ） lHe studied very hard. l他学习很用功。（vi. ） 2)连系动词： l系动词也叫连系动词，是表示主语“是什么 ”或“怎么样”的词。它本身有词义，但不能 单独用作谓语，后面必须跟表语，构成系 表结构来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等 。系动词主要有：be, look, feel, become, get, turn, seem, sound, taste, smell, grow, appear等。 2) 用法指南 l常见的连系动词可分为如下五类： l 表示“是”和 “存现”的系动词“is”，用来表示主 语的特征、状态的性质。 lShe is a teacher. l她是一名教师。 lWe are in the classroom. l我们在教室里。 l 表示保持一种状态或态度的连系动词，如： keep, remain, stay等。 lThough it is spring now, it remains cold in this city. l尽管现在是春天了，但这座城市仍然很冷。 lKeep still while Im taking a picture of you. 我给你照相时别乱动。 lThis bar often stays open till twelve at night. l这家酒吧经常一直营业到晚上12点。 l 表示从一种状态转变为另一种状态的连系动词，如： become, get, grow, turn, go等。 lI became a teacher when I grew up. l我长大后成为了一名教师。 lThe weather gets warmer and warmer. l天气变得越来越暖和了。 l 表示“看起来”的连系动词，如look, seem, appear。 lShe looked very happy today. l她今天看起来很高兴。 lHis father seems a serious man. l他父亲似乎是个严肃的人。 lEverybody appears well prepared. l大家看上去都做了充分的准备。 l 表示其他感官感觉的系动词，如“feel（摸起来）， smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），sound（听起来 ）”。 lSilk feels soft. l丝绸摸起来很柔软。 lThe flowers smell very sweet. l这些花闻起来很香。 lIt tastes fine. l它吃起来味道很好。 lThe idea sounds quite all right. l这个主意听起来挺不错。 3) 关于连系动词的说明 l 连系动词没有被动语态。 l中文：他保持安静。 l He is kept quiet. l He keeps quiet. l 除表示状态变化的情况以外, 连系动词通常没有进行时 。 l The days are getting longer and longer. l白天越来越长 l He is remaining silent. l He remains silent. l他仍然保持沉默。 l be, get, grow, look, smell, taste, turn等 ，除了作连系动词以外，还可以作助动词或实义动 词。 lThey are working. (助动词) l他们正在工作。 lPlease look at the blackboard. （实义动词） l我肯定我闻到了汽油的味道。 l连系动词的固定搭配 llook like 看起来像；look the same 看起来一样 ；sound like 听起来像；come true 实现，成为 现实；fall asleep入睡 3)助动词和情态动词： l助动词本身没有意义，在句中帮助主要动词构成 一定的时态、语态、语气，或帮助构成否定句和 疑问句。常用的助动词有：be (am, are, is, was, were, been, being), do (does, did), have (has, had), will (would), shall (should)。 2) 用法指南 l 构成不同时态的各种形式 lHe is singing. l他在唱歌。 lHe has finished his homework. l他已经完成了他的作业。 l 构成不同语态的各种形式 lHe was sent to Shanghai. l他被派往上海。 lYou have been told about it. l这件事已经告诉过你了。 l 构成疑问句 lDo you like school life? l你喜欢学校生活吗？ lDid you study English before you came here? l你来这儿前学过英语吗？ l 与否定副词词not构成否定句 lI dont like him. l我不喜欢欢他。 l 加强语语气 lDo come to the party tomorrow evening. l明天晚上你一定要来参加晚会。 lHe did know that. l他的确知道那件事。 情态动词 l情态动词有一定意义，但仅仅表达说话人的 态度，并不表示动作或状态。它在句中需和 主要动词一起构成谓语。常用的情态动词有 ：can (could), may (might), must, have to (had to), ought to, used to, need, dare, shall, should, will, would。如： 3.短语动词 l英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法 有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的 兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。如： lThe plane took off at seven oclock. l飞机七点起飞。 lHe looks after his mother at home. l他在家里照料母亲。 二、动词的基本形式 l动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、第三人称单 数现在式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。这五 种形式和助动词一起构成动词的各种时态、语态 和语气。 用法指南 l1）动词 原形 l 动词 原形就是动词 原有的形式。 l例如：be, have, buy, sit, play, study等。 lPlease open the door. l请打开门。 lI do my homework every day. l我每天做家庭作业。 l2）动词 的第三人称单数形式 l在一般现在时的句子中，如果主语是第三人 称单数时，动词 形式要发生变化。 lHe often goes to school by bike. l他经常骑自行车上学。 lLily usually gets up at 6:30. l莉莉通常6点半起床。 l l第三人称单数形式的变化规则如下： l 一般情况下，在动词后直接加-s。 l get-gets play-plays listen-listens come-comes work-works l 如果是以-s，-x，-ch，-sh或-o结尾的动词，在 动词后加-es。 lgo-goes watch-watches wash-washes fix-fixes pass-passes l 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把y变为i再加-es。 l study-studies carry-carries try-tries l3）现在分词 l现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成，其构成方法如下： l 一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加-ing。 lplay-playing work-working l 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉不发音的e，再加-ing 。 l make-making ride-riding write-writing l 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的 动词，要先双写这个末尾的辅音字母，再加-ing，但如r 前是双元音，r就不双写。 l put-putting get-getting prefer-preferring 但appear-appearing l 个别以-ie结尾的动词，要将ie变为y，再加-ing。 ldie-dying lie-lying l4）动词过 去式 l 动词过 去式用于一般过去时。它是在动词原形的基础 上变化而来的，可分为规则 和不规则两种形式。 l 动词过 去式的规则变 化如下： l 一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed;以不发音的e结 尾的动词，在其后加-d。 l worked played looked arrived lived hoped l 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把y变为i再加-ed。 l study-studies cry-cried carry-carried try-tried l 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的 动词，要先双写这个末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，但如r前 是双元音，r就不双写。 l stop-stopped plan-planned beg-begged 但appear-appeared l5）过去分词 l 过去分词用于完成时态和被动语态两种， 其构成方法也分为规则变化和不规则变化两 种形式。过去分词的规则变化和动词的过去 式的规则变化是一样的。过去分词的不规则 变化和过去式的不规则变化有所不同，但有 些也有规律可循。 【自测题】 l1. If you go to the park tomorrow morning, _. l A. so will he B. so he will C. so he does D. so does he l2. Coffee is ready. How nice it _! Would you like some? l A. feels B. smells C. sounds D. looks l3. Li Lei speaks French very well. l _. l A. So is he B. So he does C. So he do D. So he did l4. What will a city library be like if youre asked to build one? l I hope it will _ like a book. l A. taste B. sound C. look D. smell l5. Some are _ in the river and some are _ games. l A. swiming, playing B. swimming, plaiing l C. swimming, playing D. swimming, plaing l6. Mark Twain, an American writer, _ everybody here. l A. knows B. is known as l C. is known to D. is known for l7. Where _ my glasses? I cant find them. l I _ them on the bookshelf, but they arent there. l A. you put, put B. you have put, have put l C. have you put, put D. did you put, have put l8. When the police arrived, the man _ for 10 minutes. A. died B. was death C. had died D. had been dead l9. By the time this talk is over, we _ a lot about the earth. l A. shall be learning B. are learning l C. would learn D. shall have learnt l10. The teachers told me that they _ me to smooth away the difficulties. l A. helped B. will help C. help D. were going to help l11. Whats your friend going _ next week. l A. doing B. do C. does D. to do l12. I dont think thats true. Hes always _ strange stories. l A. tell B. telling C. told D. tell l13. Some flowers _ by Mary already. l A. have been watered B. watered C. have watered D. has been watered l14. You _ about the future now, _ you? l A. dont think, dont B. arent thinking, arent l C. dont think, do D. arent thinking, are l15. We _ each