初一入学前英语语法必备(-King).doc

目录一名词 二形容词 三代词 四数词 五冠词 六动词 动词语态时态 七副词 八介词 九连词 句法陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句There be 句型事态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时一1、名词：1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Beijing, Tom, the Peoples Republic of China(中华人民共和国) 专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如：the Great Wall(长城)姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如：pupil, family, man, foot.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange；不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population, information .3、名词所有格：1、 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s。如：Childerns Day(儿童节), my sisters book(我姐姐的书)(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加。如：Teachers Day(教师节)(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加s. 如：todays newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes break(十分钟的课间休息), (4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。2、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：在单数名词词尾加s。如：map maps,boy boys,horse horses, table tables.s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：classclasses, boxboxes, heroheroes, dishdishes, benchbenches.注：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如：photophotos, pianopianos.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：familyfamilies, citycities, 以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelfshelves, wolfwolves,2、不规则变化：manmen, womanwomen, sheepsheep,toothteeth, fishfish, 4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：如：The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时, 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班) 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：Class Three have a map of China.(三 班有张中国地图)3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting. 5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如：6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。 7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。8、 there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)初中英语语法专项练习一名词( ) 1 She was very happy. She in the maths test.A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake( ) 2 We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe( ) 3 _are_for cutting things.A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using( ) 4 What big_ the tiger has!A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree_.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave( ) 6 -Can we have some _?-Yes, please.A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear( ) 7 On the table there are five_.A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato( ) 1 They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( ) 2 He gave us_ on how to keep fit.A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew_ was bad.A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news( ) 4 What_ lovely weather it is!A. / B. the C. an D. a( ) 1 -Would you like_tea?-No, thanks. I have drunk two_.A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges( ) 2 He is hungry. Give him _ to eat.A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( ) 3 It really took him:_ to draw the nice horse.A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time( ) 4 I would like to have_.A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks2、 形容词：用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。1、形容词的句法作用：作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。2、形容词在句子中的位置：作定语时放在名词的前面,且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。如：a big yellow wooden wheel(一个黄色的大木轮)作表语时放在连系动词之后。如：The price sounds reasonable.(这个价格听起来算是合理)作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean.(我们必须尽力保持我们的环境清洁)后置的情况：修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如：Something serious has happened to him.(他发生了严重的事故)与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。如：Hes 1.8 metres tall.(他身高1.8米。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球离地38万公里)3、有关形容词的用法辨析： whole与all：记住两个词序： the whole + 名词； all (of) the + 名词。 tall与high, short与low：指人的个子时用tall与short；指其他事物时一般用high与low。如：Hes very tall/short.(他个子高/矮) real与true：real一般指东西的真假,译为“真的”；而true则指事情或消息的可靠性,译为“真实的”。 interested与interesting的区别：interesting指人或东西“有趣的”,作定语或表语,而interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的”,只能作表语。如：The man is very interesting and all the children like him. (这个人很有趣,孩子们都喜欢他 such用法： such + a(n) + 名词(单数)(+that从句)。如：I have never seen such a foolish(愚蠢的) boy.(我从来没有见过这么蠢的男孩) good与well：表示“好”时,作定语或表语用good,作状语用well；表示“(身体)好”时用well.如：Doing sports is good for us.(进行运动对我们有益) nice与fine：的区别：nice表示令人愉快的,可以指东西、人物外表等；fine一般指身体或天气好。如：Lets go and share(分享) the nice cake. too much与much too：too much表示“太多的”,修饰事物数量；much too表示“太过,过分”,修饰形容词或副词。 quick、fast与soon：quick与fast基本同义,quick往往指反应速度快,fast往往指运动速度快,而soon则表示时间上很快即将发生。lonely与alone：lonely是表示心理活动的形容词,意思是：“孤独的,寂寞的”,作定语或表语；alone的意思是：“独自的,单独的”,指无人陪伴,仅作表语,(作为副词的alone可作状语)。如：He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely other与else的区别：两个词都可以作形容词,但是用法不同,other放在名词前；else修饰不定代词、疑问词、little、much,后置,另外,or else表示“否则”,是连词。如：The other students are on the playground.(其他学生在操场上 special与especial的区别：表示事件不同寻常、过分或特殊时,两个词可互换,但special较为常用。另外,special还可以表示特别的目的。如： She pays (e)special attention to clothes.(她非常注重着装) gone、lost、missing的区别：gone表示“丢了,没了”,含一去不复返的意思,也可以表示“死了”,作表语或宾补,不可以作定语；lost表示“丢失”,含难以找回的意思,可作定语、表语或宾补；missing表示“失踪了,不见了”,强调某人物不在原处,可作定语、表语或宾补。如：My fever(高烧) is gone, but I still have a cough.(发烧消退了,但我仍然咳嗽) living、alive、live、lively的区别：四个词都来源于动词live“生活、居住”。living读liviN有三个意思：“活着的、现存的”,作表语或定语,“一模一样的、逼真的”,相当于lively,意思是“强烈的、活泼的”；live读laiv,指东西“活的”,可以替换为living；alive读laiv作表语,指人“活着的”,如果作定语,则放在名词的后面；lively读laivli有三个意思：有生气的、活泼的、快活的,(色彩)鲜艳的,生动的、真实的。初中英语语法专项练习二形容词一 选择正确的答案 1.Which does Jimmy like _, Chinese or art? A. well B. best C. better D. much 2. The Changjiang River is one of _ in the world. A. the longest river B. The more C. the longest rivers D. longer river 3. _ of the two women is Mrs Brown. A. The beautiful B. The more beautiful C. More beautiful D. The most beautiful 4. My mooncake is nicer _ his. A. like B. with C. for D. than 5. You are fatter than _. A. he B. his C. him D. he is tall 6. He jumps _ of the three. A. far B. futher C. farthest D. furthest 7. My hair is longer than _. A. my sister B. Kate C. my brothers D.Lucys 8. There is _ paper here. Please bring some. A. little B. less C. fewer D. a little 9. The pen is _ than that one. A. more cheap B. cheap C. much cheaper D. quite cheaper 10. Tom speaks Chinese _ better than Jimmy. A. more B. very C. a lot D. much 11. There are _ girls in Class 2 than in Class 4. A. more B. nicest C. most D. best 12. Its too _ for you to do that. A. easy B. more dangerous C. harder D. the easist 13. Who has _ apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy? A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most 14. You have more rulers than me. But _ are nicer than _. A. mine, yours B. mine, your C. my, yours D. my, your 三、代词：1、代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。2、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性主格I(我)you (你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)they (他们,她们,它们)宾格me(我)you (你)him(他)her(她)it(她)us(我们)you(你们)them (他们,她们,它们)1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。如： I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) / Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) / Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了？) / Thats it.(就那么回事) / Its he!(是他！)2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如：Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) / Help me!(救救我！) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信)3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如：-Who is it?(是谁？) Its I/me.(是我。)4、 三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“youheI”的顺序表达。如：Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？) You and me.(你和我)5、 人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如：-Whats the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？)Its fine.(天气晴好) / -Whats the time?(几点啦？) Its 12：00.(12点) / Its a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路) / It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间) / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空) / We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)初中英语语法专项练习三代词单项填空: 人称代词、 物主代词、 反身代词、 指示代词和疑问代词 1. _ is she? Shes a nurse.A. WhoB. WhereC. WhichD. What2. _ is Tom like? Oh, hes short.A. WhichB. WhoC. WhatD. Whom3. _ cap is that?A. WhosB. WhoC. WhoseD. Where4. _ is no use telling him about that.A. ThisB. ThatC. TheseD. It5. The three men, Bob, Joe and _ met at the station.A. IB. meC. herD. you6. _ have been to Paris.A. I, you and heB. He, you and IC. You, he and ID. You, he and me7. My brother is so young that he cant take care of _ .A. himB. herselfC. himselfD. his8. The young teacher teaches _ politics.A. usB. ourC. oursD. ourself9. Our work is not so good as _ .A. himB. heC. hisD. hes10. Has Jack got the money? Yes, I gave _ yesterday.A .to him themB. to him ifC. him themD. it to him11. How hard _ works!A. weB .himC. heD. his12. Wont you let _ help you?A. I and my friendB. my friend and IC. my friend and meD. my friend and I to13. He asked the three men, Bob, Joe and _ to be ready.A. IB. himselfC. meD. herself14. All my classmates are going to the Summer Palace except _ .A. he and IB. he and meC. him and ID. him and me15. Go _ to _!A. here, usB. there, theyC. there, themD. here, we四、数词： 1、分类：数词有基数词和序数词两种。英语的数词可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语和定语。2、基数词：表示数目的词叫基数词。1、 英语中常用的基数词有：123456789101112onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve13141516171819thirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen2030405060708090100twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninetyone(a) hundred2335101twenty-threethirty-fiveone hundred and one1000one(a) thousand,10000 ten thousand,100000one hundred thousand ,1000000one million,10000000ten million, 100000000one hundred million,108one hundred and eight, 146one hundred and forty-six, 500five hundred , 1001one thousand and one, 1813one thousand eight hundred and thirteen. 2、注：(1)百位与十位之间要加and；十万位和万位,亿位和千万位之间通常也要加and。(2)英语用千、百万等单位计数,大数字从右向左看, 每隔三位划一逗号,倒数第一个逗号之前要用thousand,倒数第二个逗号之前要用million,倒数第三的逗号之前要用billion表示。(3) hundred、 thousand、 million作数词时,不用复数,前面可以加上one, two, 等其它数词。用作名词时复数表示“成上”,后面必须要有of,前面可以加上some,many,several等词。如：five hundred(五百), hundreds of(成百上千的), ten thousand(一万), thousands of(成千上万的), millions of(成百万的)3、数词的用法：1、表示年份：2002: twenty thousand and two ; 1976 : nineteen seventy-six.2、表示日期： 12月1日: Dec.1st或the first of December；2002年11月8日: Nov. 8th, 2002.3、表示时刻： 5：15 five fifteen或a quarter past five ; 8：30 eight thirty或half past eight ; 10：45 ten forty-five或a quarter to eleven.4、表示编号：Room 105Room one 0 five; Bus No.13Bus Number Thirteen; P.5Page Five; Tel.No.7658659Telephone Number seven-six-five-eight-six-five-nine5、小数的读法：5.7 five point seven, 0.16 zero point one six.6、“半”的表达： 1/2half, 半小时half an hour, 1.5小时one and a half hours或one hour and a half. 7、序数词前面加the时,表示顺序,加a/an时表示“再一、又一”。如：The third lesson is rather difficult.(第三课相当难)/ Shall we read the text a third time?(我们把课文读第三遍,好四数词1. 1). There are _ days in a year. A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five2). There are_ students in this school.A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six2. 1)._people visit this museum every day.A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of 2).There are two_ people in the meeting room. A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of3). Every year _ watch NBA on TV.A. million people B. millions of peopleC. millions people D. million of people4). _ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of5). Look! There are _ in the sky. A. thousand stars B. thousand of stars C. thousands of stars D. thousands of star3. 1). My brother is in_.A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one2.) We are going to learn_ this term.A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six 3). Please turn to_. Lets read the text aloud.A. Page Two . B. the page two C. second page D. page second4. 1). We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this_. A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five C.seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five D. seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-five2). The year 1999 should be read The year_. A. nineteen and ninety-nine B. nineteen ninety-nine C. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine D. nineteen hundred and ninety-nine五、冠词1、冠词分类及读法： 英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。定冠词the读法：单独念时读Ti:,在句子中常发Ti (元音之前)或者T(辅音之前)； 不定冠词a/an的读法：单独念时读 ei /An ；在句子中常发 /n。 2、不定冠词a / an的用法：不定冠词a / an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面; an用在元音开头的词的前面。不定冠词的基本用法：(1) 表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如：There is a dog lying on the ground.(有一只狗躺在地上。)(2) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如：A elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。)(2) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如：He is a teacher of English.(他是英语教师。)(4) 表示“一”这个数量。如：There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。)3、定冠词the的用法：定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。定冠词的基本用法：(1) 表示特指的人或事物。如：The man with a flower in his hand is Jack.(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克)(2) 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如：Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。)(3) 复述前面提到过的人或事物。如：There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。)(4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。)(5) 用在表示方位的名词前面。如：There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。)(6) 在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如：Who is the first one to go?(谁第一个去？) / Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近)4、一些不用冠词的情况：(1) 专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。如：China is a very large country.(中国是个大国) / Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水) (2) 名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。如：My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了)(3) 周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。如：He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一) / They usually plant trees on the hills in spring.(春天他们通常在山上植树)(4) (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。如：Men are cleverer than monkeys.(人比猴子聪明)(5) 三餐饭前不用。如：We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭)(6) 节、假日前一般不用。如：On Childrens Day the boys often get presents from their parents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物)(7) 球类名词前不用。如：The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(孩子们星期六下午踢足球)(8) 城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。如：They are now at Peoples Cinema.(他们此刻在人民电影院)(9) 初中英语语法专项练习五冠词(10) 一单项选择 1.He is now living in _ European country. A. a B. an C. / D. any 2. China is _ old country with _ long history. A. an, a B. a, a C. an, the D. an, an 3. My parents usually go out for _ walk in _ evening. A. the, a B. a, the C. /, the D. a, an 4. Her _ second thing is to do her homework. A. a B. an C. the D./ 5. The word “flower” begins with _ “f” and the end with _ “r”. A. a, a B. an, an C. an, a D. an,a 6. June 1st is _ Childrens Day. A. a B. an C. the D./ 7. _ Huanghe River is _ second largest river in China. A. The, the B. A, a C. The, a D. A, the 8. Paris is one of _ most beautiful cities in _ world. A. /, the B. /,/ C. the, the D. the, / 9. Last Sunday he went to _ Great Wall at _ noon. A. the, the B. /,/ C. the, the D. the, / 10. We always have _ rice for _ lunch. A. /,/ B. the, / C. /,a D. the, the 七、动词1、动词的分类：类 别意 义例 句实义动词含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,在句子中能独立作谓语。She has some bananas. 她吃些香蕉。They eat a lot of potatoes. 他们常吃土豆。Im reading an English book now.我现在正看一本英文书。连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语。His father is a teacher.他父亲是教师。Twins usually look the same.双胞胎通常看起来一样。The teacher became very angry. 老师变得很生气。助动词本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式,助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化。He doesnt speak English. 他不说英语。We are playing basketball. 我们在打篮球。Do you have a brother? 你有兄弟吗？情态动词本身有一定的意义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化,有些情态动词有过去式。You can keep the books for two weeks.这些书你可以借两个星期。May I smoke here? 我可以在这儿抽烟吗？We must go now. 我们现在得走了。重要注解：(1) 关于实义动词： 英语的实义动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词两大类：后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的叫及物动词；本身意义完整,后面不需跟宾语的叫不及物动词。 有些动词通常只作不及物动词。如：go,come,happen,lie,listen,rise,arrive,hall等。有些动词通常用作及物动词。如：say, raise, lay, find, buy等。 大多数动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。如：study, sing等。 (2) 关于连系动