英语语法高考英语动词时态的备考攻略.doc

英语语法高考英语动词时态的备考攻略、常见时态的一般用法一、将来时例1Did you tell Julia about the result?Oh, no, I forget. I _her now. (NMET2005)A. will be calling B. will callC. call D. am to call答案B。从题干得知我并未告知Julia结果，受对方启示，说话者现在临时想到要告知对方。备考启示willshalldo用作将来表说话者临时想到要干的某个动作，是说话者主观态度或看法。一般现在时、现在进行时、beto do以及be going to均可用来表将来。二、进行时1.过去进行时例2Susan decided not to work on the program athome because she didnt want her parents to knowwhat she_. (辽宁2005NMET)A. has done B. had doneC. was doing D. is doing答案C。从时态呼应上考虑，A和D均错；Susan不想让其父母知道她眼下正在干什么，便背着父母偷偷干。备考启示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作用过去进行时；在口语中，说话者所说内容是非一定目的、随意的，亦常用过去进行时。2.现在进行时例3 Although the causes of cancer _, we donot yet have any practical way to prevent it.(山东2006NMET)A. are being uncoveredB. have been uncoveringC. are uncoveringD. have uncovered答案A。此题考查状语从句中时态。主语causes ofcancer和谓语动词uncover存在动宾关系，故选用被动语态，排除选项B、C、D；致癌原因正被揭开，故选进行时的被动语态。备考启示现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行，较一般现在时相比具有暂时性。3.将来进行时例4 At this time tomorrow _over theAtlantic.（北京2003NMET）A. were going to fly B. well be flyingC. well fly D. were to fly答案B。明天此时我们正飞越大西洋。描述将来某个时刻正在发生的动作。备考启示将来某个时刻正在发生的动作用将来进行时，注意时间暗示。4.现在或过去完成进行时例5 I wont tell the student the answer to themath problem until he _on it for more than anhour. (湖北2006NMET)A. has been workingB. will have workedC. will have been workingD. had worked答案A。在时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时，故排除选项B和C；据时态呼应规律排除选项D；学生一直在做数学练习，直到规定时间完毕教师才公布答案。备考启示某个动作或过程过去已经开始，一直持续到说话时刻，有可能继续延续。因此，现在完成进行时仍带有进行时的持续性；某个动作或过程过去的过去已经开始，一直持续到过去某个时刻，有可能继续延续，用过去完成进行时。三、一般过去时例6 My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He_there for a few months and then went toAmerica. (江西2006NMET)A. worked B. would workC. would be working D. has been working答案A。描述过去曾发生的事实，and then went也加以提示。备考启示一般过去时表在过去某时间中一次完成的动作或一度存在的状态或过去经常性习惯性动作，但现已不复存在，侧重描述过去事实，与现在没有联系。四、完成时1.现在完成时例7 Customers are asked to make sure that they_the right change before leaving theshop.(重庆2006NMET)A. will give B. have been givenC. have given D. will be given答案B。考查宾语从句中时态兼语态。“找零”动作发生在“离开”之前，故用完成时。备考启示 现在完成时表示某个动作或过程在过去某个时间已经开始，现在已经完成或可能继续延续下去。2.过去完成时例8 Father _for London on business upon myarrival, so I didnt see him. (福建2005NMET)A. has left B. leftC. was leaving D. had left答案D。父亲去伦敦出差这一动作在我去看他之前已经发生，故我没见着他。备考启示某个动作或过程在过去的过去已经完成，与现在没有联系。3.将来完成时例9 By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _forLondon to attend a meeting. (天津2005NMET)A. will leave B. leavesC. will have left D. left答案C。等Jane回到家，她姑妈已离开去伦敦开会了。描述将来某一时刻前已完成的动作。备考启示将来某一时刻前已完成的动作或过程用将来完成时。五、一般现在时例10 The father as well as his three children_skating on the frozen river every Sundayafternoon in winter. (辽宁2006NMET)A. is going B. goC. goes D. are going答案C。描述现在习惯性动作使用一般现在时；此题还涉及主谓一致。备考启示一般现在时表不受时限的客观存在、现在习惯性动作及现在状态或瞬间动作。、常见时态的特殊用法一、一般现在时表将来例11 What are you going to do this afternoon?(重庆2005NMET)Im going to the cinema with some friends. Thefilm_quite early, so we _to the bookstoreafter that.A. finished; are goingB. finished; goC. finishes; are goingD. finishes; go答案C。按时间表、既定安排将要发生的动作用一般现在时表将来；事先计划将要干某个动作，用begoing to do。备考启示一般现在时用于主句中可表示按计划或既定日程将要发生的某个动作，谓语动词常为位置移动动词。这种计划比较客观，不易更改，且较现在进行时表将来正式。二、一般过去时表现在例12 How I wish every family _a large housewith a beautiful garden! （上海春2002NMET）A. has B. hadC. will have D. had had答案B。此题考查虚拟语气的用法。与现在相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时。备考启示 一般过去时表现在用于表示与现在相反的假设，尤用于Its time 、I wish和 Id rather从句中或表示婉转语气，常用动词为want wonder hopethink等。三、将来时表计划或安排例13 _leave at the end of this month.I dont think you should do that until_another job. (北京2006NMET)A. Im going to; youd foundB. Im going to; youve foundC. Ill; youll findD. Ill; youd find答案B。我打算月末离开，be goingto用以表示安排。工作确定以后再离开，故两个动作存在明显先后顺序，使用完成时。备考启示除一般现在时和现在进行时可用于表示按计划、安排就要发生的动作外，be goingto以及be to亦有此种用法。在正式语体中常用be to，常见于be about todowhen结构之中，亦可用于状语从句中表将来；也可表注定、应该，还可表命令、禁止和宣布决定等。而begoing to还可表某种迹象暗示就要发生的动作。例14 In a room above the store, where aparty_, some workers were busily seating thetable.(湖南2006NMET)A. was to be held B. has been heldC. will be held D. is being held答案A。此处be to do表计划、安排；主语为受动对象，故选用被动语态。四、现在进行时1.表将来例15 Are you still busy?Yes, I _my work, and it wont take long.(浙江2005NMET)A. just finishB. am just finishingC. have just finishedD. am just going to finish答案B。工作马上就好，finish为动态动词，用进行时表即将完成的动作。备考启示现在进行时可表按照现在计划、安排近期内即将发生的动作，描写生动，值得期待；谓语动词多为gocomeleavestart等位置移动动词。也可带有其他情态意义，有时含“决心”，常用于否定句中。例：Iam not talking with her again. (=I wont talk withher again.)类似地，过去进行时也可表过去将来即将发生的动作。2.用于描写例16 Since I won the big prize, my telephonehasnt stopped ringing. People _to ask how Iam going to spend the money. (湖南2005NMET)A. phone B. will phoneC. were phoning D. are phoning答案D。问我如何花这笔钱的电话一直响个不停，描述现阶段一直在进行的动作同时也暗示说话者不满。备考启示现在进行时用于描写一种状态，显得生动，表示一种强烈感情色彩，常与频度副词alwayscontinually等连用，多半表示说话者不满、厌烦等。而一般现在时则侧重于叙述事实，感情色彩较淡。五、过去进行时1.表顺承例17 Sorry to have interrupted you. Please goon.Where was I ?You _you didnt like your fathersjob.（北京春2004NMET）A. had said B. saidC. were saying D. had been saying答案C。过去进行时用作顺承，以引起话题。备考启示 过去进行时用来打开话头，顺接话题，可译作“来着”。2.表原因例18 Whats wrong with your coat?Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, theman next to me _on it.(重庆2005NMET)A. sat B. had satC. had been sitting D. was sitting答案D。说话者描述在下车时所受遭遇，同时向对方解释原因。备考启示在口语中，用来申述原因或用作借口，常用过去进行时。3.表婉转语气例19 Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor?Of course. What is it?I _if you could tell me how to fill out thisform.（北京2002NMET）A. had wondered B. was wonderingC. would wonder D. did wonder答案B。过去进行时表婉转语气，以示礼貌，从if从句中助动词could也可领会到。备考启示过去进行时表婉转语气仅限用于少数动词如hopewantwonder等，表婉转语气或礼貌请求，且较一般过去时、现在进行时和一般现在时更加婉转礼貌。上述各时态并无时间差异，只是语气婉转程度不一。六、过去完成时表示与过去相反的假设例20Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for youat the school gate.Oh! I thought they _without me. (江西2005NMET)A. went B. are goingC. have gone D. had gone答案D。我还以为Alice，Sue不等我就走了。备考启示过去完成时此种用法常见于as ififif only分句中以及I wishIdrather宾语从句中，表示与过去相反的假设；用于I hadexpectedthoughtintendedmeant中表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或企图。、特定句式中时态的用法一、祈使句例21 Turn on the television or a magazine and you_advertisements showing happy families.（湖南2004NMET）A. will often see B. often seeC. are often seeing D. have often seen答案A。此题考查时态。祈使句陈述部分的谓语动词用将来时。备考启示祈使句的构成：动词原形或名词词组+andorbut+谓语用将来时或情态动词的陈述句；其否定构成直接在整个句子前加DontNever即可。二、并列句例22 He was hoping to go abroad but hisparents_ that they wont support him unless hecan borrow money from the bank. (湖北2005NMET)A. were deciding B. have decidedC. decided D. will decided答案B。前后分句虽由but连接，但前一分句动作迟于后一分句动作的发生。备考启示若并列连词连接两个动作同时发生无先后顺序，前后时态保持一致；否则考虑使用完成时或其他时态。三、时间条件状语从句例23 Send my regards to your lovely wife when you_home. (上海2006NMET)A. wrote B. will writeC. have written D. write答案D。when引导时间状语从句，谓语用一般现在时代替将来时。备考启示在if incase等引导条件句和when引导的时间状语从句中谓语用一般现在时代替将来时；但在宾语从句中不可。四、since 分句例24he country life he was used to_g