英语语法基础知识词类冠词Article.doc

英语语法基础知识词类冠词Article一、冠词概述冠词是虚词，它不能单独使用。只能附在一个名词上说明这个名词。冠词分为不定冠a(an)词和定冠词the。不定冠词一般表示泛指；定冠词一般表示特指。二、不定冠词a(an)的用法A. 不定冠词a(an)用于单数可数名词前。a用于辅音字母开始的词前；an用于元音字母开始的词前。如：a girl an English bookB. 不定冠词用来表示类别，指某一类人或某一类事物中的一个(泛指)。如： His father is a doctor.I work in a middle school in Beijing.C. 不定冠词用于单数可数名词前，可以表示其全类(泛指)。如： An English teacher teaches the students how to learn English.三、定冠词the的用法表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：He bought an English-Chinese dictionary this morning. The dictionary is very good.用于单数可数名词前，表示整体或类别。如：The panda is a rare animal.此句等于：A panda is a rare animal. = Pandas are rare animals.用来表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：the sun, the moon, the sky, the earth, the world用于表示阶级、党派的名词前。如：the Chinese Communist Party, the working class the proletariat 无产阶级常用于含有普通名词或形容词的专有名词前。A. 用于许多江海，山脉，群岛等名词前： The Yellow River The East Sea the Himalayas the Pacific OceanB. 用于由普通名词构成的国名： The Peoples Republic of China the United StatesC. 用于机关、团体、朝代、时代、报刊杂志等名词前： the United Nations the State Council the Tang dynasty the Peoples Dailythe Summer Palace the Peace Hotel the British Museum用于表示方位的名词前。如：the east the southwest the middlethe Far East on the left用于乐器名词前，但汉语拼音的乐器前不用冠词。如：play the piano play the violin play erhu用于复数的姓氏前，表示两夫妇或全家，在此情况下，这类名词作复数对待。如：When we got there, the Lius were waiting for us.The Smiths watch TV every day.用于某些形容词或过去分词前，表示一类人或事物。如：the poor the rich the living the young the wounded the oppressed the beautiful用在形容词的最高级前或序数词前。如：Shanghai is the biggest city in china. After the game, the first thing they wanted to do was to take a hot bath. 四、零冠词用法表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前，不用冠词。Now people are living a happy life. Trees are planted everywhere.不含普通名词的专有名词，表示泛指的物质名词和抽象名词前，不用冠词。We are studying English. He is leaving for America this year. It is pleasant to walk in soft snow. Love is always stronger than hatred.名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰，不用冠词。I like this picture better. Is that your book? Take their chairs away! I do not have any money on me. As time went on, Einsteins theory proved to be correct.季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。She likes spring while I like summer. We have no classes on Saturday. The Long March started in October 1934.表示只有一人担任的职务、头衔的名词前，不用冠词。We have elected him our monitor. 三餐饭的名词前，一般不用冠词。When do you have lunch? After supper we usually take a walk.节假日等名词前，不用冠词。Children all wear their best clothes on National Day. People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day. 注意：在eve后有of短语则要加定冠词： on the eve of National Day on the eve of New Years Day球类和棋类运动的名词前，不用冠词。play basketball play chess作表语用表示程度的形容词最高级前，不用冠词。Your help was most timely. This method is most effective.注意：如果有比较范围，形容词最高级前必须加定冠词：Of all methods, this is the most effective.在某些固定词组里，名词前不用冠词。on footby train/ boat / planein factas a matter of fact in classin churchin dangerin hospitalin town in bedat homeat schoolat daybreakat sunrise at duskat sunsetat nightat noongo to school go to classgo to bedfrom morning till nightfrom victory to victoryfrom door to door 五、注意事项当man作人类讲时，用零冠词。 Man will conquer nature.某些抽象名词具体化时是可数名词，其前可加a。surprise, fire, joy, He is a success as a teacher. Long Jing is a famous tea in China.a用于姓氏前表示某个只知道名字而不不熟悉的人。A Mr Liu is waiting to see you outside.在某些句型中可加a It is a pity that you have missed the chance. It is a shame / a pleasure / a honour for sb. to do sth.word 作消息讲时，用零冠词。 Word came that he would go abroad.中学英语语法基础知识-零冠词1. 表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词在句中用作表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或同位语时，其前一般不用冠词。如： He was President of the Republic at that time. 那时，他是共和国的总统。2. 在介词后表示抽象概念的名词前一般不用冠词。如：in prison坐牢；at school在学校；at sea出海；go to church做礼拜We had better send him to hospital at once.我们最好马上把他送进医院。3. 为人所熟知的事物前一般不用冠词。如：Theres no place like home. 任何地方都没有家好。He has gone into town. 他已经进城去了。4. 单数可数名词转化为物质名词或抽象名词时，其前一般不用冠词。如：Do you like rabbit? 你喜欢吃兔肉吗？She said she cared a lot about face. 她说她很爱面子。5. 泛指人类或男女时，名词前一般不用冠词。 如：Man should help and love each other. 人类应该互帮互爱。Woman has played an important role in modern society.妇女在现代社会中起着重要的作用。6. 表示语言或学科名称的名词前一般不用冠词。如：The girl speaks English fluently.这女孩能讲一口流利的英语。He is interested in Chemistry. 他对化学感兴趣。7.在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；如：If winter comes, can spring be far behind?冬天来了，春天还会远吗？School begins in September. 九月份开学。8. 某些并列结构前不用冠词。如：Husband and wife went to the movies yesterday. 夫妇俩昨天去看电影了。9. 某些固定习语中的名词前不用冠词。如：catch fire着火; lose heart丧失信心; by chance偶然地; in fear惊恐地; catch sight of 看见；make use of利用；等等。10.不用冠词的序数词；a. 序数词前有物主代词 b. 序数词作副词 He came first in the race.c. 在固定词组中 at (the) first,first of a