初中英语倒装句讲解.doc

初中英语倒装句 英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序，按“主语+ 谓语” 这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果排列顺序变为“谓语（ 或谓语一部分）+主语”，就是倒装。之所以出现倒装，一方面是因为语法结构的需要，另一方面为了强调，有时两种原因兼有之。倒装句分为部分倒装和全部倒装。以下就分别讲述这两种倒装的用法。如果遇到一句，不知道使用全部倒装还是部分倒装的话，我们主要主要看其标志性的词语。一、部分倒装就是把谓语中的be动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语前面。常见于下列几种情况：(一). only所修饰的副词，介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，要用： only+ 状语+ be /助动词/情态动词+主语及其他Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened.Only in this way can you make progress in your English.Only through education can we rise in the world.注意：only修饰主语时，不需要倒装。1. Only in this way _to make improvement in the operating system. A. you can hope B. you did hope C. can you hope D. did you hope2Among all the people, only you know the truth.(二).含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时。如：never, little, seldom, not, not only, not until，no sooner (than)， hardly (when)， rarely， scarcely，in no way等。We seldom get up at four in the morning.= Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.(1) hardlywhen；scarcelywhen；no soonerthan 可以用正常语序 had hardly done when did 或用倒装句式Hardly had + 主语+ done when did 句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。& The bell hardly had rung when the class began. = Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.& No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.(2) not only but also 如连接两个成分时，不用倒装；连接句子时， 前面的句子要用倒装。Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.Not only is he busy，but also I have a lot of work to do.Not only does he speak English very well，but also he speaks French well.典型例题No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game began B.has the game begunC. did the game begin D.had the game begun答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not onlybut (also), no soonerthan, hardly when scarcely when等等。注意：只有当Not only but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。(三).在sothat, suchthat句型中，若把so, such引导的结构放在句首时。So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.1So difficult _it to live in an English-speaking country that I was determined to learn English well. A. Ive felt B have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel(四).省略了if的虚拟条件句中，把were, had或should放在句首时。If I were you， I would take the job. = Were I you，I would take the job.例题：_it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to Yangpu Bridge.A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will(五).把副词so放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物。I like reading English, so does he. (六).把neither, nor放在句首，表示前面的否定内容也适用于另一个人或物。 If you wont go, neither will I.典型例题 -Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? -I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I careC. I dont care neither D. I dont care also 答案：B. nor为增补意思也不关心，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 dont 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。 注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为 的确如此。典型例题：1） Not until the early years of the 19th century_ what heat isA. man did know B. man knew C. didnt man know D. did man know答案为D.否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。2） Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didnt realizeD. I realize答案为B。 3)Do you know Tom bought a new car? I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neitherD. I dont care also 解析：答案为B.句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示 也不。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。(七)用于形容词/副词/名词/动词+as (though)引导的让步状语从句中。注意：当表语为名词时，则名词前不加任何冠词；主谓并不倒装。Try hard as he will，he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.Child as he is, he knows a lot.&_, I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John. A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so muchC. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much(八).由however, no matter how引导的让步状语从句中，把however+形容词/副词，no matter how+形容词/副词放在句首时。&_, mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is注意：always often particularly many times many a time放在句首时，句子进行部分倒装。 Always am I amazed when Ihear people saying that computers can replace teachers.二、全部倒装就是把整个谓语部分放在主语之前。注意：谓语动词的数要与后面的主语保持一致。常见于几种情况：(一).用于地点副词here, there,方位副词out, in, up, down及时间副词now, then等开头的句子里，以示强调。There goes the bell. Look! Here they come. 这种倒装要求：主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。Here it is.Away he went.Here we go这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。Here comes the bus.Out rushed the boys.(二).当表示地点的介词短语放句首时。注意：谓语多为be, lie, sit, stand, come, walk等不及物动词；倒装时不需要助动词。Under the table are three white cats. In front of the tower flews a stream.10Under a big tree _, half asleep.A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man satC. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man(三)there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。There came shouts for help from the river.There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.(四).表语置于句首时，倒装结构为表语+系动词+主语。(1)形容词+系动词+主语Present at the meeting was Mr. Green, a headmaster. (2)过去分词+系动词+主语Hidden behind the door were some naughty children. Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.(3)介词短语+系动词+主语In front of the playground is a newly-built house. (五).有时由于主语较长，谓语很短，为保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.(六).在一些表示祝愿的句子里。Long live the Communist Party of China!May you all be happy.练习：1. Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted.A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realized2. Only by practising a few hours every day _ be able to master the language.A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you3. If you dont go， neither _. A. shall I B. do I C. I do D. I shall 4. No sooner _ to the station _ the train left.A. had I got， when B. I had got， than C. had I got， than D. did I get， when 5. Your father is very strict with you. _. He never lets off a single mistake of ours. A. So he is B. So is he C. He is so D. So does he 6. _ today， he would get there by Sunday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave 7. Never in my life _ such a thing. A. I have heard or have seen B. have I heard or seen C. I have heard or seen D. did I hear or see 8. Here _！ Where is Xiao Liu？There _. A. comes the bus，is he B. comes the bus，he is C. the bus comes，is he D. the bus comes，he is 9. _ ， I will not buy it.A. Much as do I like it B. As much I like it C. Much as I like it D. As I like it much 10. I like football. I dont like volleyball. _. A. So do I B. Neither do I C. So it is with me D. So is it with me 11. _ the expense， I _ to Italy.A. If it were not， go B. Were it not for， would go C. Werent it for， will go D. If it hadnt been， would have gone12. So _ in the darkness that he didnt dare to move an inch. A. he was frightened B. was he frightened C. frightened he was D. frightened was he 13. I wonder if your wife will go to the ball. If your wife _， so _ mine.A. does， will B. will， does C. will， would D. does， do 14. Only after I read the text over again _ its main idea.A. that I knew B. did I knew C. 1 could know D. I did know 15. I seldom watch TV， but listen to the radio a lot._ . A. So do I B. Neither do I C. I ，m the same D. So it is with me16. So excited _ that he couldnt say a word. A. he seemed B. did he seem C. was he seeming D. he did look17. Little _ when 1 took the trip where it would lead me. A. have I known B. had I known C. do 1 know D. did I know18. Have you ever seen anything like that before？- _ . A. No， I never have seen anything like that before B. No， never I have seen anything like that before C. No， never have 1 seen anything like that before D. No， I have seen anything like that before never19. _ ， 1 would accept the invitation and go to the party. A. Were I you B. Was I you C. Had I been you D. Would 1 be you20. You should work less _. A. and neither should I B. and so should I C. and nor should I D. and so I should21. _ and caught the mouse. A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat22. Not only _ a promise， but also he kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. does he make D. has he made23. His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. _. A. So is his aunt B. So has his aunt C. So his aunt does D. So it is with his aunt24. Not once _ their plan. A. did they change B. they changed C. changed they D. they did change 25. Not until he arrived home _ he find that this wallet had been stolen. A. did B. would C. when D. that26. Nowhere else in the world _ cheaper tailoring（裁缝业， 成衣业）than in Hong Kong. A. a tourist can find B. can a tourist find C. a tourist will find D. a tourist has found27. _ succeed in doing anything. A. Only by working hard we can B. By only working hard we can C. Only we can by working hard D. Only by working hard can we28. _ that we all went out， lying in the sun.A. So fine was the weather B. So was the fine weatherC. The weather was so fine was D. So the weather was tine29. _ a nice man _ that we all believe him. A. So， did he seem B. So， he seemed C. Such， he seemed D. Such， did he seem30. _， he never seems able to do the work beautifull