从高考试题谈名词性从句.doc

从高考试题谈名词性从句的考查及复习名词性从句主要起名词所起的作用，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化，但仔细分析高考试题不难看出，这一部分内容主要从以下几个方面进行考查。 I语序问题在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句之首外，其它部分应用陈述句的语序，而考生们往往使用疑问句的语序，特别是在以wh-引起的名词性从句中。克服这个问题的关键就是要找准从句的主语。例如： 1、The photographs will show you _ （MET89） A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 解析答案：B。根据引导词在从句中作介词like的宾语，所以不能用副词how，排除C、D，而A项用了疑问句的语序，故选B项。再如： 2、He asked _ for a violin（MET92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 3、Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. (全国2000) D A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 4、 The photographs will show you _（MET1989） B A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 名词性从句中都用陈述语序，不用倒装语序。题3中的干扰项是B，对想要知道的人提问或应答都用 it 而不用人称代词 he, I , you 等。题4只要注意是介词宾语就行了。5、Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. (全国2000) D A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 6、 The photographs will show you _（MET1989） B A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 名词性从句中都用陈述语序，不用倒装语序。题5中的干扰项是B，对想要知道的人提问或应答都用 it 而不用人称代词 he, I , you 等。题6只要注意是介词宾语就行了。II用it 代替主语从句或宾语从句为了使句子保持平衡，常用先行词it来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中，但what，whatever，whoever，whichever引导的主语从句一般不后置。例如： I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full（MET98） Ait Bthat Cthese Dthem 解析答案：A。此题考查了it作先行词代替宾语从句，而把宾语从句放在句末。其它人称代词或指示代词都不能代替从句。再如： Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time？（MET91）D Athis Bthat Cthe Dit 1、_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995) D A. There B. This C. That D. It2、 I like_ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. （04全国I） C A thisB that C itD one 3、The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. （05全国卷1） Athat Bit Cthis Dhim B主语、宾语从句常用先行词 it 代替，而将其置于句末。但由 whatever, whoever 引导的主语从句一般不用 it 代替。III关联词的区分名词性从句中关联词的选择是非常重要的，所以在高考中更多的是考查关联词的选择问题。而在关联词的选择中，主要侧重以下几个方面的检测。 （I）whether 和if 的区别以及whether，if 和that 的区别。 whether 和 if 在引导宾语从句时一般可以通用，但在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面的宾语从句时只能用whether，不能用if ；whether，if 引导的名词性从句和 that 引导的名词性从句的区别在于： whether，if 引导的从句是由一般疑问句转化而来的，含有疑问意义，而 that 引导的从句是由陈述句转化而来的，不含有疑问意义。例如： What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon（上海2001年春季招生） Awhen Bhow Cwhether Dwhy 解析答案：C。这是一个表语从句。根据 doubt 一词可知，所怀疑的应是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。”再如： 1、 It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.（MET92）B Awhile Bthat Cif Dfor 2、 _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.（NMET96）BAIf BWhether CThat DWhere 3、 What the doctors really doubt is _my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. (上海2001) C A. when B. if C. whether D. why4、 Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _it is rough or smooth. （05天津卷）B A. 不填 B. whether C. how D. what 在名词性从句中表示“是否”这一概念时，连词 if 一般只能引导宾语从句，而题3是表语从句，故不能选B；注意doubt 的用法，如果是肯定句，用 whether，如果是否定句，用 that。宾语从句中，以下情况只用 whether 不用 if： 与 or 连用时； 后接不定式短语时； 在 decide ; be sure 等动词后。（II）that 从句与 wh- 从句的区别： that连词在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，而wh-连词在从句中作成分，且含有疑问意义。1. _ we cant get seems better than _we have.（NMET96） A. What , what B. What , that C. That , that D. That , what 解析答案: A。此题考查了两个名词性从句, 因为从句中都缺宾语, 所以都应选what不选that, that在引导名词性从句时不作成分。 2. Do you remember _he came? Yes, I do. He came by car. （NMET94）AA. how B. when C. that D. if 解析答案: A。根据答语He came by car可知, 问句应是提问方式, 所以选择A, how。再如： _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.（NMET93）A A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter3、 Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. （05安徽卷） A A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that 前句考查的是 that 与 what 的区别。that 在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，而 what 可充当名词性的成分。前句的表语从句中还缺少表语，故只能用 what。后句是定语从句，修饰 20 years ago，所以须用 when。(III）what，which，who，when，where，how等引导的名词性从句与whatever，whichever，whoever，whenever，wherever，however等引导的名词性从句的区别：后者引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而前者引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。who / whom, whoever / whomever的选择，要看关联词在从句中是作主语还是作宾语而定，如果在从句中作主语只能选用 who / whoever，作宾语时用whom / whomever。例如： 1. It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants.（NMET97）B A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 解析答案: B。根据句意可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句，而从句中 wants 缺少宾语, 排除 A 和 D ，whichever 表示“无论哪一个, 无论哪些”, 应表示一定范围内的人或物, 此处没有涉及事物的范围, 所以应选 Bwhatever，表示“无论什么”。 2. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.（MET88） C A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 解析答案: C。此题不含有疑问意义, 所以用whoever 引导主语从句, 强调“无论谁”。whoever 在从句中作主语。3、_ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (MET1988) C A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Whowhoever 引导名词性从句时表示“无论哪一个”，相当于 anyone who；who 引导名词性从句时表示带有疑问的“谁”。根据该题的意思不难作出选择。选项A, B后都缺少了 who，而引导定语从句的 who 是不能省略的。同时还需要注意 whoever 与 no matter who; whatever 与 no matter what 等的区别。wh-ever 既可引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句，而 no matter wh- 只能引导状语从句。1) I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize _silly mistakes I had made. （05湖南卷） A A. what B. that C. how D. which 2) Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their childrens future. （04广东） B A. that B. howC. such D. so what 与 how 引导感叹句时，what 后加名词，how 后加形容词和副词。其结构为：What + (a) + (adj.) + n. 但要注意在 what 后不能加表示数量的 many; much; few; little 等词。 How + adj. + (a )+ (n.)，要注意的是 how 后的名词只能为单数名词。题1中是复数名词，只能用 what；题2中的正常语序是 education is important to their ，所以选B。(IV) who, what, which, how, when, where之间的词义区别以及whoever, whatever, whichever, however, whenever, wherever等之间的词义区别。这主要从两个方面来区分：一是分析句子结构，看其在从句中作什么成分；二是理清其在句中的含义。例如： 1. A computer can only do_ you have instructed it to do. C A. how B. after C. what D. when 解析答案：C。根据语境，此处应选一个宾语从句作do的宾语。因为宾语从句中to do后面缺少宾语，所以应选Cwhat。这句话的意思是“计算机只能做你指示它做的事情。” 2. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? D A. where B. what C. how D. which 解析答案：D。这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。从上句的意思分析，应是哪本书，所以要填which，这句话的意思是“我在某本书中读到过有关这方面的内容，是哪一本书重要吗？”。3. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off? （NMET99） A A. why B. when C. what D. where 解析答案: A。根据上句提供的语境，下句应该问“那就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗?” 所以选A，why引导表语从句。 4. I still remember _ this used to be a quiet place.（NMET93） A A. when B. how C. where D. what 解析答案: A。本题考查宾语从句。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语, 排除D, what, 而B、C句意不通, 所以应选A, when。本句的意思是“我仍然记得这里在什么时候是个宁静的地方。” 5. Go and get your coat. Its_ you left it. （NMET92）A A. where B. there C. there where D. where there 解析答案: A。本题考查了where 引导的表语从句的用法。考生容易误选C, 把 where 看成关系副词引导定语从句。但是 there 是副词, 不能有定语从句修饰。(IV) whatever, whichever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however 等与 no matter what, no matter which, no matter who, no matter when, no matter where, no matter how 的区别: 前者既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而 no matter 加疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。例如： 1. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. C A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 解析答案: C; no matter 加疑问词只能引导状语从句, 不能引导名词性从句, 排除D, 而此处关联词在引导的从句中作主语, 所以不选B, 应该选C, whoever。 2. _ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do. C A. How B. Whatever C. However D. No matter 解析答案: C; 这是一个让步状语从句。这句话的意思是:“无论我给他多少劝告，他却完全按他所想的去做。”不能填 how, 因为how 只能引导名词性从句, 不能引导让步状语从句, 此处 however 相当于 no matter how 引导让步状语从句。再如: He will believe whatever others say.（不能用no matter what代替whatever） Whatever others say, he will believe it.（可以用no matter what代替whatever）另外，在名词性从句的复习过程中，我们还须特别注意以下问题： 1主语从句 Whatever, whoever, whichever 引导的主语从句的区分。 whatever 相当于 anything that, 是 what 的强调形式，表示“无论什么”。例如： Whatever she does is ridiculous whoever 相当于anyone who, 是who 的强调形式，表示“无论谁；任何的人”。例如： Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold whichever“无论哪个; 无论哪些”, 既指人, 也指物; 可以单独使用, 可以修饰名词, 也可以后跟of 短语。例如： Whichever of us fulfils his task first will lend a hand to others Whichever book you borrow doesnt matter to us 2表语从句 reason 后面的表语从句只能用that 引导, 不能用why 引导, 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why 或者that 引导。例如： The reason why we didnt trust him is that he has often lied The reason _that_we trust is that he has often lied3同位语从句 能跟同位语从句的名词。 idea, fact, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt 等名词后面, 可以跟that或者连接代词、连接副词引导的同位语从句。同位语从句只是对前面的名词作进一步的解释, 说明前面的名词的具体含义。 例如： We are surprised at the fact that the children did it on their own They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Germany again 同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词, 可以引导定语从句, 充当句子成分, 在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引导同位语从句时, 起连词的作用, 没有实际意义，不充当句子成分, 一般不能省略。 试比较下面两个例句: The suggestion (that) he raised at the meeting is very good.（that引导定语从句, 作宾语, 可以省略） The suggestion that the students (should) have plenty of exercise is very good.（that引导同位语从句） I had no idea that you were here.（that引导同位语从句, 不能省略） Have you got the idea (that) this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?（that引导定语从句, 作宾语, 可以省略）4、名词性从句中的时态问题 1) Scientists think that the continents _ always where they_ today. (05北京卷) C A. arent; areB. arent; were C. werent; areD. werent; were 2) Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. Oh! I thought they _ without me. (05江西卷) D Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad gone 5、 名词性从句中的虚拟语气问题 A、宾语从句中的虚拟语气在动词 suggest, order, demand, request, desire, insist, require, decide, determine, advise, recommend, deserve (值得提及) 后需用 should 型的虚拟语气。考题点击：The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. B A. finished B. be finished C. should finish D. finish2. - What did the doctor say about your mothers illness? - He suggested that she _ an operation at once. C A. must haveB. hadC. haveD. had hadB、主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：It is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted；+ (should) do It is important, necessary, natural, desirable, strange, advisable, imperative It is a pity, a shame, no wonder 考题点击：1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination? D A. takesB. has to takeC. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. B A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has toldC、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.考题点击：His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try6、其它需要注意的几个问题在 think, believe, suppose, expect, guess 等动词后的否定前移问题；2）在 hope, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, think, expect, tell, say, fear 以及 be afraid 等词语后，可用